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1.
造山后脉岩组合的岩石成因——对岩石圈拆沉作用 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：12
造山后脉岩组合是在寄主岩基冷却之后形成的,可能是造山带应力场转换的标志.昆仑造山带早中生代末期以及太行山-燕山造山带晚中生代花岗质岩基中广泛出露这种类型的脉岩,可划分为煌斑岩质,玄武质,闪长质,花岗闪长质-花岗质和富硅花岗质等5组.主元素和痕量元素分析表明它们是不同的原生岩浆固结的产物,相互之间不存在重要的分离结晶,同化混染和岩浆混合作用的关系,因而要求软流圈/岩石圈系统不同圈层的源区岩石同时达到部分熔融的条件.结合已有的高温高压实验,区域岩石圈结构和地质事件序列的分析,认为岩石圈拆沉作用是造山后脉岩组合形成的最合理触发机制.简单热模拟表明,软流圈窗顶界埋深达到一定深度时(例如昆仑造山带为82km),可以满足处于不同深度位置的中性麻粒岩,基性榴辉岩和地幔橄榄岩同时发生部分熔融.这时,岩石圈/软流圈系统可以有6～8个产生岩浆的位置.热的软流圈物质快速涌入软流圈窗,不仅触发地幔岩的减压熔融,也可能导致区域构造应力场由挤压转换为伸展,为岩浆的快速侵位创造了条件.所提供的岩石成因模型可以更合理地解释造山后脉岩组合的地质特征,主元素和痕量元素特征,也可以满足同位素体系变异所要求的条件. 相似文献
2.
造山后脉岩组合的岩石成因——对岩石圈拆沉作用的约束 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
造山后脉岩组合是在寄主岩基冷却之后形成的，可能是造山带应力场转换的标志。昆仑造山带早中生代末期以及太行山-燕山造山带晚中生代花岗质岩基中广泛出露这种类型的脉岩，可划分为煌斑岩质，玄武质，闪长质，花岗闪长质．花岗质和富硅花岗质等5组。主元素和痕量元素分析表明它们是不同的原生岩浆固结的产物，相互之间不存在重要的分离结晶，同化混染和岩浆混合作用的关系，因而要求软流圈／岩石圈系统不同圈层的源区岩石同时达到部分熔融的条件。结合已有的高温高压实验，区域岩石圈结构和地质事件序列的分析，认为岩石圈拆沉作用是造山后脉岩组合形成的最合理触发机制。简单热模拟表明，软流圈窗顶界埋深达到一定深度时（例如昆仑造山带为82km），可以满足处于不同深度位置的中性麻粒岩，基性榴辉岩和地幔橄榄岩同时发生部分熔融。这时，岩石圈／软流圈系统可以有6～8个产生岩浆的位置。热的软流圈物质快速涌入软流圈窗，不仅触发地幔岩的减压熔融，也可能导致区域构造应力场由挤压转换为伸展，为岩浆的快速侵位创造了条件。所提供的岩石成因模型可以更合理地解释造山后脉岩组合的地质特征，主元素和痕量元素特征，也可以满足同位素体系变异所要求的条件。 相似文献
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在综述国际上为数不多的宽谱系岩墙群（WSDS）研究实例的基础上,以太行山板内造山带中的岩基后岩墙群为例,详细论证了WSDS的形成机制,并简要讨论其构造与成矿意义。研究认为,①WSDS是一类非常特殊的岩石组合,其岩石组成的多样性主要取决于岩浆起源,因而不同于已知的其他火成岩组合;②WSDS直接的构造指向是造山带岩石圈拆沉作用;③WSDS的产生必须有大规模流体活动的参与,因而是成矿作用的指示器;④岩浆系统是一种复杂性动力系统。在理想系统的框架下,由WSDS识别出的许多成因信息是相矛盾的。但是,在复杂系统的框架下,这些信息可以得到整合解释;⑤板内造山作用是一种特殊类型的造山作用,与板缘构造力没有直接的联系。WSDS同样适用于板内与板缘2种造山类型,具有普适性,都与岩石圈加厚拆沉有关。 相似文献
4.
在综述国际上为数不多的宽谱系岩墙群(WSDS)研究实例的基础上,以太行山板内造山带中的岩基后岩墙群为例,详细论证了WSDS的形成机制,并简要讨论其构造与成矿意义。研究认为,1WSDS是一类非常特殊的岩石组合,其岩石组成的多样性主要取决于岩浆起源,因而不同于已知的其他火成岩组合;2WSDS直接的构造指向是造山带岩石圈拆沉作用;3WSDS的产生必须有大规模流体活动的参与,因而是成矿作用的指示器;4岩浆系统是一种复杂性动力系统。在理想系统的框架下,由WSDS识别出的许多成因信息是相矛盾的。但是,在复杂系统的框架下,这些信息可以得到整合解释;5板内造山作用是一种特殊类型的造山作用,与板缘构造力没有直接的联系。WSDS同样适用于板内与板缘2种造山类型,具有普适性,都与岩石圈加厚拆沉有关。 相似文献
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利用宽谱系岩墙群进行勘查靶区预测的初步尝试: 以南阿拉套山为例 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
本文提出了一种利用宽谱系岩墙群(WSDS)进行内生金属矿床勘查靶区预测的新方法。南阿拉套山出露有一套由二叠纪煌斑岩质、玄武质、安山质、英安质和流纹质岩墙(脉)组成的岩墙群,可称为宽谱系岩墙群。该岩墙群侵位于花岗质岩基及其围岩中,是区内最晚一期岩浆活动的产物。以下特征暗示岩墙群的形成伴随着大规模含矿流体活动:(1)许多岩墙岩石具有气孔状构造,且含有大量含水暗色矿物; (2)部分岩墙岩石具有多斑斑状结构,基质为隐晶质或玻璃质结构; (3)部分岩墙岩石含有浸染状硫化物; (4)各类岩墙具有相似的不相容元素和成矿元素分配型式; (5)不同时代、不同岩性的地层具有相似的成矿元素分配形式。因此,宽谱系岩墙群及其围岩经受过含矿流体的浸润和改造,可作为确定性找矿标志。岩墙群的空间展布形式同时受区域性裂隙系统和局部性裂隙系统控制,可以解释为岩墙同时侵位于先存裂隙和自生长裂隙中。因此,宽谱系岩墙群是熔体-流体流快速侵位的产物,具有较强的成矿潜力。岩墙的空间展布形式可能暗示了含矿流体的运移方式,因而可以用来预测成矿金属大规模堆积的可能位置:(1)流体在运移路径上与碳酸盐岩相遇的部位; (2)流体在运移路径上与块状少裂隙火成岩体相遇的部位; (3)流体运移路径上适度破碎的断裂交汇部位; (4)流体在运移路径上与高渗透率地层相遇的部位; (5)岩墙密集区的小岩体。据此,可在南阿拉套山划出为六个勘查靶区(A、夏尔敖腊靶区,B、米尔其克岩体靶区,C、勒根乌苏-科克塔舒根乌苏靶区,D、阿尔夏提靶区,E、布图哈马尔西南岩体靶区,F、诺尔特靶区),涵盖了区域矿产调查发现的20个矿点(床)中的8个。如果将预测靶区的范围稍微扩大,则可以涵盖15个矿点(床)。据此,可以认为利用宽谱系岩墙群进行成矿预测是有效的。 相似文献
7.
长岭断陷早白垩世火山岩富硅、富碱,岩石以非碱性系列为主,包括钙碱性和高钾钙碱性系列,碱性系列火山岩为钾玄岩系列。酸性岩与中、基性岩的微量元素特征差别明显,岩石总体微量元素特征与造山带火山岩相似,富集LREE、Rb、K和大离子亲石元素,TiO2含量低,贫Sr。火山岩的形成与造山带岩石圈拆沉作用引起地壳拉张减薄的大地构造背景有关。研究区基性火山岩为地幔岩部分熔融作用的产物,岩浆演化过程中存在单斜辉石和橄榄石等矿物的分离结晶作用,中性岩为原生玄武质岩浆分异演化的产物,营城组酸性火山岩的形成与构造活动存在直接关系,为构造剪切挤压应力致使上地壳重熔的结果。 相似文献
8.
陕川丁家林-太阳坪-董家院金矿带的矿田构造-岩相学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陕西丁家林-四川太阳坪-四川董家院北东向金矿带位于后龙门山陆内造山带,构造动力学背景为陆-陆板块碰撞而形成的逆冲推覆造山带,金矿带内发育一系列与陆内造山作用密切有关的北东向递进脆-韧性剪切带。本文以构造-岩相学新方法为指导,在矿田构造-岩相学层次上,通过实测构造-岩相学剖面和岩石地球化学研究,对该金矿带物质学和运动学特征研究表明,赋矿地层志留系黄坪组(S1-2hn)区域性岩相学特征整体为陆棚相。黄坪组中部层间流体活动强烈,地壳浅部富Fe-Mg-CO32–型构造流体活动形成了斑点状铁碳酸盐千枚岩相;随构造变形层次加深,强应变带发育构造片岩相和初糜棱岩相,富Si O2型流体排泄的构造分异成岩作用形成了流变状糜棱岩相。强烈的构造成岩作用及造山带流体的大规模排泄形成了糜棱岩相,同位发育密集的流变状糜棱岩相和蚀变菱铁矿铁白云石网脉相。构造流体成岩成矿作用集中于强应变带形成蚀变糜棱岩相,后期脆性蚀变碎裂岩相叠加时,金矿化(体)发育。早期韧性剪切和脆韧性剪切变形并叠加有后期脆性变形构造,富集Au-Cu-Sb-W-Bi等元素组合。本区缺少或未见早三叠世以后形成的岩浆活动。大规模富Fe-Mg碳酸盐型流体及同构造期造山带流体活动与龙门山陆内造山带密切相关,表明丁家林-太阳坪-董家院金矿为造山型金矿。 相似文献
9.
哀牢山南段长安金矿床岩浆岩的岩石学特征及其与成矿关系探讨 总被引：13，自引：12，他引：1
长安大型金矿床位于哀牢山成矿带南段,矿区内出露煌斑岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩、正长花岗岩、正长花岗斑岩等岩株和岩脉,矿体均与脉岩共生或相互切穿。各类岩浆岩和矿石的地质、岩相学、岩石地球化学的系统研究表明,矿区内岩浆岩可能为同源岩浆演化产物,但煌斑岩、辉绿岩与矿化关系更为密切。金成矿物质具有壳幔混源的特点,成矿流体由岩浆水与地层变质水混合而成。在喜山期,强烈的壳幔相互作用过程导致了区内的岩浆和热液活动,大规模富碱岩浆上侵的热驱使岩浆水循环并与矿区地层在造山作用下脱水产生的富CO2的变质水混合,萃取地层及略早形成的脉岩中的Au等成矿元素,在适宜的物理化学条件下和成矿空间内卸载并富集成矿。 相似文献
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Composite dikes, consisting of aphyric basaltic margins and phenocryst-rich rhyolitic interiors, cut the Gouldsboro granite of coastal Maine at many localities. Limited hybridization (exchange of crystals, commingling, and mixing) occurs in most of the dikes and indicates that the two magmas were contemporaneous with emplacement of rhyolitic magma following closely in time the initial emplacement of the basaltic dike. Petrographic characteristics and geochemistry indicate that the source of the rhyolite was resident magma in the Gouldsboro granite magma chamber. The composite dikes formed when basaltic dikes ruptured the Gouldsboro magma chamber, permitting partly crystallized magma from the margin of the chamber to flow outward into the center of the basaltic dikes. Field relations of similar composite dikes in other areas (e.g., Iceland, Scotland) are consistent with this model. A second type of composite dike (silicic margins with chilled basaltic pillows) commonly cuts mafic intrusions along the Maine coast and probably formed when a granitic dike ruptured an established chamber of mafic magma, permitting resident mafic magma to collapse downward into the still Liquid granitic dike. Most composite dikes have probably formed when a magma chamber was disrupted by a dike of contrasting magma rather than by tapping a stratified magma chamber. 相似文献
12.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2014,55(2):144-152
A Middle Paleozoic tectonothermal event in the eastern Siberian craton was especially active in the area of the Vilyui rift, where it produced a system of rift basins filled with Devonian–Early Carboniferous volcanics and sediments, as well as long swarms of mafic dikes on the rift shoulders. Basalts occur mostly among Middle Devonian sediments and are much less spread in Early Carboniferous formations. The dolerite dikes of the Vilyui–Markha swarm in the northwestern rift border coexist with the Mirnyi and Nakyn fields of diamond-bearing kimberlites. The voluminous dikes and sills intruded before the emplacement of kimberlites. The Mir kimberlite crosscuts a dolerite sill and a dike in the Mirnyi field, while a complex dolerite dike (monzonite porphyry) cuts through the Nyurba kimberlite in the Nakyn field. Thus, the kimberlites correspond to a longer span of Middle Paleozoic basaltic magmatism. The basalts in Middle Paleozoic sediments have faunal age constraints, but the age of dolerite dikes remains uncertain. The monzonite porphyry dike in the Nyurba kimberlite has been dated by the 40Ar/39Ar method, and the obtained age must be the upper bound of the dike emplacement. The space and time relations between basaltic and kimberlitic magmatism were controlled by Devonian plume–lithosphere interaction. 相似文献
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Christian Creixell Miguel Ángel Parada Diego Morata Pierrick Roperch César Arriagada 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(1):177-201
Five mafic dike swarms between 30° and 33°45′S were studied for their geochemical signature and kinematics of magma flow directions
by means of AMS data. In the Coastal Range of central Chile (33°−33°45′S), Middle Jurassic dike swarms (Concón and Cartagena
dike swarms, CMDS and CrMDS, respectively) and an Early Cretaceous dike swarm (El Tabo Dike Swarm, ETDS) display the presence
of dikes of geochemically enriched (high-Ti) and depleted (low-Ti) basaltic composition. These dikes show geochemical patterns
that are different from the composition of mafic enclaves of the Middle Jurassic Papudo-Quintero Complex, and this suggests
that the dikes were injected from reservoirs not related to the plutonic complex. The mantle source appears to be a depleted
mantle for Jurassic dikes and a heterogeneous-enriched lithospheric mantle for Cretaceous dikes. In the ETDS, vertical and
gently plunging magma flow vectors were estimated for enriched and depleted dikes, respectively, which suggest, together with
variations in dike thickness, that reservoirs were located at different depths for each dike family. In the Elqui Dike Swarm
(EDS) and Limarí Mafic Dike Swarm (LMDS), geochemical patterns are similar to those of the mafic enclaves of the Middle Jurassic
plutons. In the LMDS, east to west magma flow vectors are coherent with injection from neighbouring pluton located to the
east. In the EDS, some dikes show geochemical and magma flow patterns supporting the same hypothesis. Accordingly, dikes do
not necessarily come from deep reservoir; they may propagate in the upper crust from coeval shallow pluton chamber.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Many dikes of the Tertiary Breiddalur dike swarm in Reydarfjördur have a great lateral extent but are vertically (upward and/or downward) discontinuous. Field relationships indicate that they are not the feeders of the lava pile they intrude. Their characteristics can be best interpreted as them constituting the fossil expression of lateral magma emplacement analogous to that occurring in the actively spreading Krafla volcanic center of the neovolcanic zone. Average dike thickness increases clearly with depth and the thickness versus depth relationship is different from that described for other Tertiary dike swarms in eastern Iceland. It is suggested that dikes represent the extent of finite spreading which at higher levels in the crust is expressed by fissures and other extensional structures. 相似文献
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小秦岭、熊耳山金矿区中基性岩墙的岩石化学研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对小秦岭、熊耳山金矿区岩墙的地质学、岩石学、地球化学的综合研究,查明该岩墙主要由辉绿岩和煌斑岩类组成,属钾质、中等铝质岩石并富含挥发份(>2%)的中基性岩。岩石富集LILE和LREE,与原始地幔相比具有明显的Ti、Nb负异常和Pb正异常。对形成岩墙的岩浆演化过程研究后认为,其岩浆演化大致分为三个关键环节:(1)早中生代时期富钾、富硅熔体交代秦岭造山带岩石圈地幔,导致具富集地幔特征的玄武质岩浆的形成;(2)玄武质岩浆与区域热效应形成的花岗质岩浆的混合(混染)作用;(3)混合岩浆在深部热力学和动力学机制下的结晶分异和连续演化过程。 相似文献
16.
Fu-yuan Wu Simon A. Wilde Guang-liang Zhang De-you Sun 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2004,23(5):781
Northeastern (NE) China is a well-documented example of a collisional zone characterized by widespread post-orogenic granites and mafic–ultramafic complexes. Based on a study of the Hongqiling and Piaohechuan Cu–Ni sulfide-bearing mafic–ultramafic complexes in central Jilin province, we present geological, petrological, geochemical and geochronological data which indicates their post-orogenic origin.The Hongqiling complex comprises pyroxenite, olivine websterite, lherzolite, gabbro and leucogabbro. Zircon U–Pb SHRIMP analyses on a leucogabbro of the Hongqiling complex yield a weighted mean 206Pb–238U age of 216±5 Ma. The Piaohechuan complex is composed of gabbro, pyroxenite and dolerite, exposed as dikes. A plagioclase-bearing pyroxenite has a U–Pb zircon weighted mean 206Pb–238U age of 217±3 Ma, identical to that of the Hongqiling complex. These ages are coeval with the emplacement of A-type granites in the area, but slightly younger than the regional metamorphism (240 Ma) and syn-orogenic granitic magmatism (246±4 Ma). This suggests that these mafic–ultramafic complexes are post-orogenic in origin. The age data also indicated a short period of lithospheric stabilization of about 30 Ma after cessation of orogenic activity.Geochemical investigation indicates that the primary mafic magma was a lithospheric mantle-derived basalt resulting from the upwelling of asthenosphere due to lithospheric delamination during post-orogenic processes. The magmatic source was contaminated by a small amount of crustal material, and subsequent crystal fractionation resulted in the Cu–Ni mineralization.The widespread occurrence of mafic–ultramafic complexes in the Xing'an–Mongolian Orogenic Belt of NE China and in the Altay–Tianshan–Junggar Orogenic Belt of Northern Xinjiang indicates that mafic intrusions are an important magmatic suite that evolved during post-orogenic processes. Portions of this mafic magma could have underplated the lower crust, and served as the heat source for associated late-stage granitic magmas. 相似文献
17.
在北京南口地区发现了一套NNW走向、颇具规模的、由基性钾玄岩和酸性花岗质岩石组成的双峰式岩墙群，其K－Ar同位素年龄为119-114Ma。本文重点讨论了岩墙群的野外地质特征及其岩石学特征。研究表明酸性岩墙和基性岩墙的稀土配分模式非常接近，并且无明显的铕异常，推测它们的岩浆来自两个有成因联系的岩浆源，而且两套岩浆之间不存在的结晶分异作用的关系，我们称之为双峰式岩墙群。研究还表明，两种岩浆最初占位时共呈液相，彼此接触部位成分发生一定程度的混染作用，但总体是互相独立的，岩墙产状和地球化学特征反映岩墙群是在伸展构造背景下侵位的,具有深源浅侵位的特征，反映了晚中生代研究区存在的伸展构造这对于全面认识华北“燕山运动”是有价值的。 相似文献
18.
内蒙古大井锡多金属矿床岩脉LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb定年及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
内蒙古大井矿床是我国北方一个重要的锡多金属矿床,矿区浅成-超浅成岩脉发育,并与矿脉密切共生。前人的年代学研究结果显示矿区岩脉与矿脉同属于燕山中晚期岩浆热液活动的产物,因此该矿床成因被定为与矿区次火山岩脉有关的热液脉型矿床。本文通过选取矿区分布最广,且与矿脉相伴出现的霏细岩脉和英安斑岩脉进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,结果表明两个英安斑岩脉样品DJ-7和YX-20的形成年龄分别为240±1Ma和239±1Ma,而霏细岩脉样品DJ-1的形成年龄为162±1Ma。因此,矿区岩脉至少形成于两个不同时代,即印支早期和燕山中期。结合前人在区域上的研究成果分析,认为英安斑岩脉和霏细岩脉形成的构造背景分别为同造山-后造山转换阶段和造山后的伸展阶段。因为该矿床的成矿年龄可以确定在140Ma左右,所以本文认为矿区岩脉的形成与矿床的形成并无直接关系,只是为后者提供了有利的就位空间。 相似文献