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1.
The Villanueva Complex is a lacustrine alluvial fan - fan delta system which accumulated on the northern margin of the Guadix Basin during the Pliocene. Five transitional zones can be distinguished from proximal to distal areas: proximal alluvial fan, mid-fan, fan fringe (transition zone), proximal fan delta and distal fan delta (lacustrine). This paper focuses on sedimentation in the fan fringe and the proximal fan delta areas, where the effects of fluctuations in the base level (lacustrine level) are more easily observed. The stratigraphical succession is here characterized by an alternation of fine lacustrine sediments (mudstones and siltstones) and gravels. The gravels appear as isolated channels, stacked channels, lenses and sheets. The isolated channels, which have a V-shaped profile and better developed wings towards the top, appear in the fan fringe zone and in the fan delta. The stacked channels originate in the fan fringe zone and evolve laterally and distally to isolated channels. The lenticular gravel bodies (lenses) are well represented throughout the fan delta and present small channels at the base, indicating a radial flow pattern. Finally, the sheets are characteristic of the fan fringe zone. The first episodes of channel incision occurred at lowstand lake level. The channels and lenses developed in rising lake level conditions, and sheet deposit took place at highstand lake level. Although the final form of the lithosome was heavily controlled by the fluctuations in lake level, it depended on the relative proportions of gravel and silt sedimentation. The gravel-siltstone interface therefore represents an equilibrium surface between the proportions of sedimentation of these lithologies. The bodies mentioned above are organized in coarsening and thickening upwards sequences tens of metres thick, in which a distal to proximal evolution can be observed from isolated channels to lenses or from stacked channels to sheets. The building and thickness of these sequences were controlled by fluctuations in the lake level. An initial fall in base level caused lengthening of the channels and entrenchment from distal to proximal areas, and a continuous increase in supply due to erosion in the drainage basin installed on the subaerial fan. When the lake level rose, lobes were formed at the channel endings and overbank processes were made possible, thus generating radial channels, whose levees were formed by amalgamation with the levees of the main lens channels. At the same time, sheets were formed in proximal areas, where the available amount of sediment was greater. 相似文献
2.
克鲁伦凹陷下白垩统大磨拐河组是海拉尔盆地寻找可地浸砂岩型铀矿的目的层。大磨拐河组主要发育冲积扇、扇三角洲和湖相 3种沉积体系。根据沉积环境和沉积物特征 ,可将冲积扇划分为扇根、扇中和扇端 3种亚相 ;扇三角洲划分为上扇三角洲平原、下扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘和前扇三角洲亚相。凹陷北缘发育两个扇体 ,扇三角洲体系和冲积扇体系之间在不同时期可相互转化。区内的陆源粗碎屑沉积岩为铀的富集创造了有利条件 ,扇三角洲和冲积扇的主河道和分流河道是最有利于铀聚集的部位。 相似文献
3.
德阳须家河组四段沉积相特征和砂体分布规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
孝泉—新场—合兴场地区上三叠统须家河组四段以发育扇三角洲沉积体系为主,其砂体成因类型为扇三角洲前缘水下辫状分流河道(含砾)中—粗粒砂岩夹少量碎屑流沉积砾岩。须家河组四段可划分为1个长期、3个中期和18个短期基准面旋回层序,主要砂体合并为6套砂组。各砂组分布与由基准面变化引起的可容纳空间和沉积物供给量比值密切相关:低位体系域沉积期,基准面上升缓慢,沉积物供给(远)大于可容纳空间,沉积作用以主动进积为主,砂体不断向湖盆方向推进;湖侵体系域沉积期,基准面快速上升,沉积物供给量逐渐减少而(远)小于可容纳空间,沉积作用由进积逐渐转入加积和退积;高位体系域沉积期,基准面由缓慢上升逐渐进入到快速下降,可容纳空间由缓慢增加突变为迅速减小,而沉积物供给由小于或略等于可容纳空间逐渐变为(远)大于可容纳空间,沉积作用由弱进积、加积迅速变为强迫进积。 相似文献
4.
Planform evolution of deltas with graded alluvial topsets: Insights from three‐dimensional tank experiments,geometric considerations and field applications 
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下载免费PDF全文 Tetsuji Muto Ryuji Furubayashi Arti Tomer Tomoyuki Sato Wonsuck Kim Hajime Naruse Gary Parker 《Sedimentology》2016,63(7):2158-2189
The profile of a river that conveys sediment without net deposition and net erosion is referred to as ‘graded’ with respect to vertical aggradation of the river segment. Three experimental series, designed in terms of the autostratigraphic view of alluvial grade, were conducted to clarify the diagnostic spatial behaviour of graded alluvial–deltaic rivers: an ‘R series’, which utilized a moving boundary setting with a stationary base level; an ‘F series’ in a fixed boundary setting with a stationary base level to produce ‘forced grade’; and an ‘M series’ in a moving boundary setting with constant base‐level fall to produce ‘autogenic grade.’ The results of the three experimental series, combined with geometrical modelling of the effects of basin water depth and other experimental data, suggest the following: (i) in a graded alluvial–deltaic system, lateral shifting and avulsing of active distributary channels are suppressed regardless of whether the downstream boundary of the deltaic system is fixed; (ii) in a delta with a downstream‐fixed boundary, the graded streams are stabilized within a valley that is incised in the axial part of the delta plain, whereby the alluvial plain outside the valley is abandoned and terraced; (iii) in moving boundary settings, the graded river simply extends basinward as a linearly elongated channel and lobe system without cutting a valley; and (iv) a modern forced‐graded alluvial river is most likely to be found in a valley incised into a fan delta in front of very deep water, and the stratigraphic signal of fossil autogenic‐graded rivers will be found in deltaic successions that accumulated in the outer to marginal areas of deltaic continental shelves during sea‐level falls. This renewed autostratigraphic view of alluvial grade suggests a thorough reconsideration of the conventional understanding that an alluvial river feeding a progradational delta is graded with a stationary base level. 相似文献
5.
浅水三角洲作为沉积学和油气勘探领域的热点,目前研究主要集中在大型拗陷型盆地内,对断陷湖盆关注较少。通过充分调研区域地质背景并结合永安地区戴一段的岩心、录井、测井、地震、分析化验等资料进行系统研究后认为,戴一段处于断陷早期,地形较为平缓,水体宽浅且波动频繁,气候温暖湿润,物源供给充足,具备形成浅水三角洲的有利沉积条件。研究区浅水三角洲为近源沉积,以牵引流为主;砂岩中多见强水动力沉积构造;垂向上发育进积、加积的沉积序列,具平行、亚平行及叠瓦状地震反射特征;以前缘亚相为主体,相带宽阔,可分为内、外前缘沉积,水下分流河道构成主要骨架砂体;在向湖推进过程中受沉积物可容纳空间与沉积物补给量比值(A/S)变化的影响较大,不同成因砂体类型及沉积样式呈现有规律的分布。基于以上分析,最终建立了断陷湖盆早期浅水三角洲的沉积模式,在一定程度上对丰富浅水三角洲的沉积学认识并拓展永安地区乃至整个高邮凹陷斜坡带油气勘探的领域和范围具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
6.
Conceptual framework for assessing the response of delta channel networks to Holocene sea level rise
Douglas J. Jerolmack 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(17-18):1786-1800
Recent research has identified two fundamental unit processes that build delta distributary channels. The first is mouth-bar deposition at the shoreline and subsequent channel bifurcation, which is driven by progradation of the shoreline; the second is avulsion to a new channel, a result of aggradation of the delta topset. The former creates relatively small, branching networks such as Wax Lake Delta; the latter generates relatively few, long distributaries such as the Mississippi and Atchafalaya channels on the Mississippi Delta. The relative rate of progradation to aggradation, and hence the creation of accommodation space, emerges as a controlling parameter on channel network form. Field and experimental research has identified sea level as the dominant control on Holocene delta growth worldwide, and has empirically linked channel network changes to changes in the rate of sea level rise. Here I outline a simple modeling framework for distributary network evolution, and use this to explore large-scale changes in Holocene channel pattern that have been observed in deltas such as the Rhine-Meuse and Mississippi. Rapid early- to mid-Holocene sea level rise forced many deltas into an aggradational mode, where I hypothesize that avulsion and the generation of large-scale branches should dominate. Slowing of sea level rise in the last ～6000 yr allowed partitioning of sediment into progradation, facilitating the growth of smaller-scale distributary trees at the shorelines of some deltas, and a reduction in the number of large-scale branches. Significant antecedent topography modulates delta response; the filling of large incised valleys, for example, caused many deltas to bypass the aggradational phase. Human effects on deltas can be cast in terms of geologic controls affecting accommodation: constriction of channels forces rapid local progradation and mouth-bar bifurcation, while accelerated sea level rise increases aggradation and induces more frequent channel avulsion. 相似文献
7.
A group of alluvial fans formed in the early Paleogene represent marginal sedimentary facies at the foot of the South Tianshan Mountain, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, Xinjiang province. Two types of fans occurred in the middle–late Paleogene Kumugeliemu and Suweiyi formations: one alluvial, and the other fan delta deposited in a lacustrine setting. Within the early Neogene Jidike Formation, coastal subaqueous fans developed, probably in a deeper water lacustrine setting. The three types of fans are stacked vertically in outcrop with the sequence in ascending order: bottom alluvial, middle fan-delta, and top subaqueous. The subaqueous is a typical coarse-fan deposit occurring in the glutinite member of the Jidike Formation in some wells. Laterally, from the foreland to the lacustrine settings, the distribution pattern of sedimentary facies represents the same three fan types sequentially. The spatial distribution of these fans was controlled by the Paleogene–Neogene Basin transformation, and evolution with different types of fans developed in the Kuqa Depression in response. In the Paleogene, the Kuqa Depression was a rift basin where an alluvial fan was deposited in the foreland setting, which, by early Neogene, became a foreland basin when the lake level changed. With any rise in lake level, fan-deltas migrated from lacustrine to foreland settings, whereas when the lake level fell, fan migration was reversed. In the early Neogene, with increasing slope and rising lake level, fans progressed and covered the previous fan-delta and lacustrine mudstone. Eventually, subaqueous fans developed, forming the present spatial configuration of these three fan types. 相似文献
8.
9.
Evidence of lacustrine sedimentation in the Upper Permian Bijori Formation, Satpura Gondwana basin: Palaeogeographic and tectonic implications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Upper Permian Bijori Formation of the Satpura Gondwana basin comprising fineto coarse-grained sandstone, carbonaceous
shale/mudstone and thin coal bands was previously interpreted as the deposits of meandering rivers. The present study documents
abundance of wave ripples, hummocky and swaley cross-stratification and combined flow bedforms in the Bijori Formation, suggesting
that a significant part of the formation was deposited in a wave-agitated environment. Evidence of near-emergent depositional
conditions provided by repeated occurrence of rootlet beds and hydromorphic paleosols, local flooding surfaces denoting rapid
fluctuation of water level, occurrences of temnospondyl vertebrate fossils, and absence of tidal signatures and marine fossils
suggest a lacustrine rather than marine depositional regime. Five facies associations recognised within the Bijori Formation
are inferred to represent fluvial channels and associated floodplains (FA1), lake shorelines (FA2), subaqueous distributary
channels and associated levees (FA3), waveand storm-affected delta front (FA4), and open lacustrine/lower shoreface (FA5)
deposits. The planoconcave fluvial channel-fill sandbodies with unidirectional cross-beds are clearly distinguishable from
the delta front bars that show a convexo-plan or bi-convex sandbody geometry and dominance of wave and combined flow bedforms.
Some of the distributary channels record interaction of fluvial and wave-dominated basinal processes. Major distributary sandbodies
show a north to northwest flow direction while wave-affected delta front sandbodies show very complex flow patterns reflecting
interaction between fluvial discharge and wave processes. Wave ripple crest trends show that the lake shoreline had an overall
east-northeast to west-southwest orientation. The lack of documented contemporaneous lacustrine or marine sediments in the
Satpura Gondwana basin posed a major problem of basin-scale palaeogeographic reconstruction. The existence of Bijori lake
solves the problem and the lake is inferred to have acted as repository for the contemporaneous alluvial drainage. Development
of the large Bijori lake body implies generation of accommodation space exceeding the rate of sediment supplied and thus represents
locus of high tectonic subsidence. Transition of fluvial sediments with red mudstone and calcareous soil profile in the lower
part of the succession to carbonaceous shale and coal-bearing lacustrine sediments in the upper part, denote a change from
a warm semi-arid climate with seasonal rainfall to a more humid one. 相似文献
10.
A three‐dimensional numerical model of sediment transport, erosion and deposition within a network of channel belts and associated floodplain is described. Sediment and water supply are defined at the upstream entry point, and base level is defined at the downstream edge of the model. Sediment and water are transported through a network of channels according to the diffusion equation, and each channel has a channel belt with a width that increases in time. The network of channels evolves as a result of channel bifurcation and abandonment (avulsion). The timing and location of channel bifurcation is controlled stochastically as a function of the cross‐valley slope of the floodplain adjacent to the channel belt relative to the down‐valley slope, and of annual flood discharge. A bifurcation develops into an avulsion when the discharge of one of the distributaries falls below a threshold value. The floodplain aggradation rate decreases with distance from the nearest active channel belt. Channel‐belt degradation results in floodplain incision. Extrinsic (extrabasinal, allogenic) and intrinsic (intrabasinal, autogenic) controls on floodplain dynamics and alluvial architecture were modelled, and sequence stratigraphy models were assessed. Input parameters were chosen based on data from the Rhine–Meuse delta. To examine how the model responds to extrinsic controls, the model was run under conditions of changing base level and increasing sediment supply. Rises and falls in base level and increases in sediment supply occurred over 10 000 years. Rising base level caused a wave of aggradation to move up‐valley, until aggradation occurred over the entire valley. Frequency of bifurcations and avulsions increased with rate of base‐level rise and aggradation rate. Channel‐belt width varied with water discharge and the lifespan of the channel belt. Wide, connected channel belts (and high channel‐deposit proportion) occurred around the upstream inflow point because of their high discharge and longevity. Less connected, smaller channel belts occurred further down‐valley. Such alluvial behaviour and architecture is also found in the Rhine–Meuse delta. During base‐level fall, valley erosion occurred, and the incised valley contained a single wide channel belt. During subsequent base‐level rise, a wave of aggradation moved up‐valley, filling the incised valley. Bifurcation and avulsion sites progressively moved upstream. Relatively thin, narrow channel belts bordered and cut into the valley fill. These results differ substantially from existing sequence stratigraphy models. The increase in sediment supply from upstream resulted in an alluvial fan. Most bifurcations and avulsions occurred at the fan apex (nodal avulsion), and channel belts were the widest and the thickest here (giving high channel‐deposit proportion) due to their high discharge and longevity. The width and thickness of channel belts decreased down‐valley due to decreased discharge, longevity and aggradation rate. This behaviour occurs in modern alluvial fans. Intrinsic controls also affect floodplain dynamics and alluvial architecture. Variation of aggradation rate, bifurcation frequency and number of coexisting channel belts occurred over periods of 500 to 2000 years, compared with 10 000 years for extrinsic controls. This variation is partly related to local aggradation and degradation of channel belts around bifurcation points. Channel belts were preferentially clustered near floodplain margins, because of low floodplain aggradation rate and topography there. 相似文献
11.
祁连山东段宝积山—红会煤盆地沉积环境与聚煤规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
位于祁连山东段的宝积山—红会盆地是一个典型的侏罗纪沉积盆地,侏罗纪煤系由冲积扇沉积体系,经过河流、湖泊三角洲沉积体系向湖泊沉积体系过渡的沉积序列组成,并充填于印支运动后的裂陷盆地内。盆地活动断裂边界的内侧发育冲积扇裙,向着不活动边缘的另一侧,逐渐被河流沉积体系和湿地沼泽系统替代。扇前湿地是主要聚煤场所,形成的煤层层数少,主煤层厚度变化大,煤体呈简单指状。扇前湿地泥炭沼泽具有富滋养或低位性质,形成的煤层灰分产率高,硫含量有明显的分带性,其变化取决于泥炭沼泽与冲积扇体的相应空间位置。 相似文献
12.
The 1800-km2 Okavango alluvial fan of northern Botswana represents an unusual depositional setting in which peat-forming perennial swamps (6000 km2) occur in a region of aeolian and semi-arid sedimentation within an incipient graben of the East African Rift. A channel system distributes water and sediment on the fan surface but cannot contain seasonal flood water, which spreads laterally from the channels through permeable channel margins, sustaining the flanking swamps. All sediment introduced is deposited on the fan. A detailed study of sediment movement and associated hydrological conditions in the channels was undertaken to examine sediment dispersal. Bedload greatly exceeds suspended load (at least by a factor of four). Vegetation and peat form permeable levees which confine the channels. In the upper reaches, two-way exchange of water occurs between channel and swamp depending on the season, but on the fan itself, channels lose water to the swamp. Bedload measurements reveal that the channel system is in a state of grade disequilibrium, with interspersed depositional and erosional reaches. Deposition of most of the incoming bedload occurs on the upper portion of the fan in a meandering and anastomosed channel system, but on the midfan, deposition of bedload occurs by channel-bed aggradation, at a rate of up to 5 cm yr–1. Further down slope, the channel enters a large lake where all remaining bedload is deposited. The presently observed sedimentation patterns may be due to a recent disturbance of the fluvial system, either by avulsion or neotectonics. 相似文献
13.
Upper delta plain lacustrine and fluviolacustrine facies from the Westphalian of the Durham coalfield, NE England 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
C. R. FIELDING 《Sedimentology》1984,31(4):547-567
Facies analysis suggests that the productive Westphalian (Upper Carboniferous) Coal Measures of the Durham coalfield in NE England were deposited on an upper delta plain. Distributary channels crossed the plain and were separated by shallow lakes. Detailed examination of largely three-dimensional exposures has revealed the existence of nine laterally and vertically interrelated fluviolacustrine and lacustrine lithofacies. Facies 1 and 2 are interpreted as overbank deposits of distributary channels, Facies 3–5 are regarded as deposits of crevasse splay/minor delta systems, and Facies 6–9 are considered to have formed in areas of diminished clastic sediment supply. Facies 4 and 5 are volumetrically the most important. Facies 3–9 are interpreted as representing progressively less energetic conditions of sedimentation across a lake, from the point of entry of a crevasse splay/minor delta system. The distribution and characteristics of the lithofacies indicate that the upper delta plain lakes were completely or effectively enclosed, up to about 8m deep and had wave fetches of the order of 20 km. These lakes were intermittently infilled by the crevasse-initiated, minor delta systems and, to a relatively minor extent, by overbank flood sediment from channels. Infilled lake surfaces became platforms for plant colonization and peat accumulation. The three dimensional relationships of the various lithofacies provide a model of Coal Measure lacustrine sedimentation, which may have wider implications in extending the model of interdistributary genesis and infilling proposed by Elliott, particularly with respect to detailed facies relationships and to the balance between overbank and crevasse-derived sediment. 相似文献
14.
鄂尔多斯盆地西缘上三叠统延长组沉积相特征研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北部汝箕沟剖面、南部阎家庄剖面和中部环78、环52、演40井岩芯的详细观察,并结合前人的研究资料及岩性和岩相组合、沉积相分析,探讨了研究区延长组沉积相特征与演化过程。研究结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地西缘延长组发育12种岩相类型,7种岩相组合。延长组时期为扇三角洲—湖泊、辫状河三角洲、冲积扇沉积体系,其中也充分发育筛状沉积、水上分流河道、分流河道间、水下分流河道、河口坝、远砂坝、等沉积微相和亚相类型。北部汝箕沟地区在延长组沉积早期主要为扇三角洲相,进入中期由湖泊相过渡为扇三角洲相,晚期则发育深湖相;中部环县—演武地区在延长组早期为辫状河三角洲相,中期发育辫状河三角洲相和湖泊相,晚期过渡为三角洲相并受到抬升剥蚀作用;南部阎家庄在延长组则发育冲积扇相,随后便受到抬升剥蚀作用。 相似文献
15.
Variable style of transition between Palaeogene fluvial fan and lacustrine systems, southern Pyrenean foreland, NE Spain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Two Palaeogene fluvial fan systems linked to the south‐Pyrenean margin are recognized in the eastern Ebro Basin: the Cardona–Súria and Solsona–Sanaüja fans. These had radii of 40 and 35 km and were 800 and 600 km2 in area respectively. During the Priabonian to the Middle Rupelian, the fluvial fans built into a hydrologically closed foreland basin, and shallow lacustrine systems persisted in the basin centre. In the studied area, both fans are part of the same upward‐coarsening megasequence (up to 800 m thick), driven by hinterland drainage expansion and foreland propagation of Pyrenean thrusts. Fourteen sedimentary facies have been grouped into seven facies associations corresponding to medial fluvial fan, channelized terminal lobe, non‐channelized terminal lobe, mudflat, deltaic, evaporitic playa‐lake and carbonate‐rich, shallow lacustrine environments. Lateral correlations define two styles of alluvial‐lacustrine transition. During low lake‐level stages, terminal lobes developed, whereas during lake highstands, fluvial‐dominated deltas and interdistributary bays were formed. Terminal lobe deposits are characterized by extensive (100–600 m wide) sheet‐like fine sandstone beds formed by sub‐aqueous, quasi‐steady, hyperpycnal turbidity currents. Sedimentary structures and trace fossils indicate rapid desiccation and sub‐aerial exposure of the lobe deposits. These deposits are arranged in coarsening–fining sequences (metres to tens of metres in thickness) controlled by a combination of tectonics, climatic oscillations and autocyclic sedimentary processes. The presence of anomalously deeply incised distributary channels associated with distal terminal lobe or mudflat deposits indicates rapid lake‐level falls. Deltaic deposits form progradational coarsening‐upward sequences (several metres thick) characterized by channel and friction‐dominated mouth‐bar facies overlying white‐grey offshore lacustrine facies. Deltaic bar deposits are less extensive (50–300 m wide) than the terminal lobes and were also deposited by hyperpycnal currents, although they lack evidence of emergence. Sandy deltaic deposits accumulated locally at the mouths of main feeder distal fan streams and were separated by muddy interdistributary bays; whereas the terminal lobe sheets expand from a series of mid‐fan intersection points and coalesced to form a more continuous sandy fan fringe. 相似文献
16.
Junhui Wang Zaixing Jiang Yuanfu Zhang Liming Gao Xiaojie Wei Wenzhao Zhang Yu Liang Haiying Zhang 《地学学报》2015,27(1):42-53
The morphodynamics of a river flood on a fan delta and its resultant stratigraphic and sedimentary signatures have been studied by means of a flume experiment under controlled boundary conditions. The experiment revealed that deposition was dominant in flood periods when the channels were highly loaded with sediments. In contrast, erosion was dominant in periods of low flow. Mouth bars were formed when a subaqueous channel began to backfill. The development of a mouth bar began with progradation in the down‐dip direction and proceeded by aggradation, then retrogradation and finally transverse growth. A channel bifurcated in multiple stages by sequentially forming mouth bars or by simultaneously forming arrays of mouth bars. During the bifurcation, the diffluent point moved upstream, which resulted in channel migration and the development of a delta lobe. Flood events triggered fan‐delta front slide‐slump deposits. 相似文献
17.
针对伊犁盆地郎卡地区中侏罗统西山窑组铀矿地质勘查中对沉积相研究存在的问题,以钻孔岩芯精细研究为基础,结合区域地质背景及测井、地震、粒度等分析资料进行沉积相标志、沉积相展布及沉积演化等进行综合研究。研究成果表明研究区西山窑组主要发育辫状河三角洲和湖泊2种沉积相。西山窑组下段沉积时期,研究区发育辫状河三角洲平原沉积,分流河道砂体叠置连片分布;西山窑组中段沉积时期,湖平面上升,全区基本演化为辫状河三角洲前缘和滨浅湖沉积,水下分流河道砂体呈条带状展布;西山窑组上段沉积时期,研究区整体呈现出湖退过程,辫状河三角洲进积,以辫状河三角洲前缘沉积为主,水下分流河道在三角洲前缘亚相占主导地位。 相似文献
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玛湖西部斜坡区二叠系乌尔禾组发育厚层砂砾岩储层,且油气储量巨大,但目前对于该套砂砾岩储层成因的认识尚不统一。在岩心、测井和地震资料分析的基础上,认为该区乌尔禾组发育冲积扇相和辫状河三角洲相。冲积扇分布在乌尔禾组下部,由于扇体不断前积,形成进积型冲积扇,纵向上沉积物粒度呈反韵律。辫状河三角洲相主要分布在乌尔禾组上部,划分为平原和前缘亚相,其中平原亚相以数层煤层和碳质泥岩为特征。乌尔禾组沉积过程为湖平面不断上升的过程,表现为由下部冲积扇相向上变为辫状河三角洲相。沉积相类型对储层物性具明显的控制作用,辫状河三角洲前缘储层物性较好,冲积扇储层物性较差。 相似文献
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Simulation experiment of sedimentary process and sedimentary architecture of alluvial fan under the control of normal faults 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Normal fault structures are widely developed in basins and orogenic belts,which control the accommodation space and the distribution of sediments and thus affecting the morphology of alluvial fans. A flume tank experiment was carried to simulate and clarify the control of normal faults on the sedimentary process and internal architecture of alluvial fans.The results show that the large amount of sediments carried by debris flow tend to be unloaded near the hanging wall of faults and are subsequently reworked by traction current,which result in a triangular distributary gravel bar grows vertically on fault plane with the tip pointing to the source area. When the hydrodynamic force is strong,debris flow goes across distributary gravel bar and forms over-bar lobe at the tail of the distributary gravel bar. When the hydrodynamic force is weak,debris flow forms fault plane-dominated lobe along fault plane and is located on both sides of the distributary gravel bar. Under the control of normal faults and the barrier of distributary gravel bar,the unloading process of sediments varies greatly at different positions on the surface of alluvial fan. The particle size varies greatly among different facies,with coarsest grains developed on the fans of hanging wall,finer grained on over-bar lobe and finest sediments on fault plane-dominated lobe. The development process of alluvial fan can be divided into three stages,according to the sandbody thickness and fault throw of distributary gravel bar. The fault throw also affects the sedimentary architecture of alluvial fan,with larger the fault throw generating larger the accommodation space of hanging wall,longer development time of distributary gravel bar and more complex of the superposition pattern of the sand bodies inside the fan. The internal architecture of alluvial fan that is controlled by normal faults includes longitudinal sandbar,distributary gravel bar and debris flow lobe in the profile vertical perpendicular to the sediment source direction from the proximal to the distal end. Along sediment longitudinal section,composite channel,superimposed distributary gravel bar complex and superimposed bodies of multi-phased lobes are dominant facies. 相似文献