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1.
《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(3)
应用免疫组织化学方法研究神经型一氧化氮合酶在毛蚶(Scapharca kagoshimensis)外套膜和鳃组织中的分布及定位,应用蛋白免疫印迹技术对外套膜和鳃组织中的神经型一氧化氮合酶进行鉴定,并对其分子量进行测定。免疫组织化学研究结果表明,神经型一氧化氮合酶的阳性结果显示为棕褐色,主要分布于细胞质中。在外套膜组织边缘膜和边缘膜突起的上皮细胞、疏松结缔组织黏液细胞和血细胞有阳性反应;在鳃组织的鳃丝黏液细胞、血细胞和上皮细胞中有阳性反应。蛋白免疫印迹研究结果表明,外套膜和鳃组织的SDS-PAGE电泳图谱中有两条阳性反应条带,分子量分别为120kD和80kD。实验结果为深入研究一氧化氮及神经型一氧化氮合酶在毛蚶外套膜和鳃组织中的生理功能提供了组织形态学资料。 相似文献
2.
海湾扇贝外套膜的组织结构与粘液细胞的类型与分布 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
运用HE及AB-PAS染色方法,在光镜下对海湾扇贝(Argopectens irradians)外套膜的组织学结构及粘液细胞的类型与分布进行了观察。结果表明,该部位具有双壳贝类外套膜的典型结构特征,即由中央膜和边缘膜组成,边缘膜具有3个突起,分别为生壳突起、感觉突起和缘膜突起。组织结构主要包括内外上皮层、结缔组织与肌纤维。不同部位外套膜各组织成分的含量与分布有差异。AB-PAS染色反应显示,在上皮层中分布有几种不同类型的粘液细胞,分别为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型。Ⅰ型着色为红色,AB阴性,PAS阳性,含中性粘多糖;Ⅱ型为蓝色,AB阳性,PAS阴性,含酸性粘多糖;Ⅲ型染色后呈紫红色,AB,PAS均为阳性,PAS阳性较强,含混和性粘多糖,以中性粘多糖为主;Ⅳ型为蓝紫色,AB,PAS均呈阳性,AB阳性较强,含混和性粘多糖,以酸性粘多糖为主。不同部位粘液细胞的类型与数量均有差异。 相似文献
3.
文蛤外套膜"肥大症"的组织病理学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2003年3～5月,山东莱州某养殖场部分养殖文蛤（Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus）出现外套膜异常肥大现象.组织病理学研究显示,患病贝外套膜、水管、鳃、足等器官组织内粘液细胞增多,水管两侧的外套膜结缔组织中粘液细胞增生尤为明显.同时,患病贝各器官组织还呈现出不同程度的病理学变化,主要表现为组织结构紊乱,上皮细胞肿胀、脱落,生殖细胞滞育、退化,肌纤维变形、溶解,血细胞增生并诱发炎症反应等.在患病贝体内主要观察到3种寄生性原生动物,分别为缘毛类纤毛虫、粘孢子虫及1种顶复门类“孢子虫”.纤毛虫数量较少,主要寄生于鳃表面;粘孢子虫数量较多,寄生在水管、外套膜、鳃、性腺、消化盲囊、血淋巴等器官组织中,以水管结缔组织内数量最多;而顶复门类“孢子虫”主要发现于消化道结缔组织中.组织病理学研究表明,这3种寄生虫可能是病害发生的重要原因. 相似文献
4.
三角帆蚌不同部位外套膜的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文比较了三角帆蚌不同部位外套膜的细胞和组织,并用不同部位外套膜进行育珠生产试验,其结果是,由于采用不同部位外套膜细胞小片育珠、珍珠质量和产量有差异。同一横切面中外套膜三个褶比较,外褶最大,中褶最小。同一个体蚌的外褶比较,以中部外褶最大,出水管的外褶最小,同一个体内褶比较,出水管内褶最大,体后部内褶最小。从外套膜的厚薄来看,蚌的外套膜以中部及中后部较厚,中褶内外侧上皮细胞形态,细胞中高尔基体的分布和结缔组织的结构有很大的不同,说明两者发生上可能来源不同。 相似文献
5.
"红肉病"文蛤(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus)中发现的3种病毒样颗粒 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文报道了在患“红肉病”文蛤组织中发现的 3种病毒样颗粒。 1种主要存在于鳃上皮下的结缔组织中 ,呈球形或椭球形 ,大小 (5 0～ 6 0 ) nm× (5 0～ 110 ) nm,无囊膜包裹。另 1种为球形 ,直径 16 0～ 180 nm,有囊膜 ,存在于外套膜上皮细胞及结缔组织细胞质中。第 3种存在于消化盲囊上皮细胞质内 ,为无囊膜包裹的球形病毒样颗粒 ,直径为 5 0～ 80 nm。 相似文献
6.
运用扫描电镜和透射电镜对马氏珠母贝（Pinctada martensii D0外套膜组织培养过程中各种细胞的生长变化和活动状况的研究，重点是对上皮细胞分泌活动的观察。最初从外套膜组织迁出的上皮细胞为圆球形，细胞表面近似光滑，但有走向规则细而浅的花纹；培养到第4天，上皮细胞形态上发生了较大的变化，分成A型和B型两种细胞，A型上皮细胞内颗粒物少，是处于合成分泌物的早期阶段或尚未开始合成分泌物，B型上皮细胞处于旺盛的分泌物合成阶段，细胞内粗面内质网和线粒体丰富。培养到15－16天的B型上皮细胞体积明显变大，细胞合成并聚集了大量单层膜包裹的颗粒物，培养到第31天的B型上皮细胞分泌活动减弱，上皮细胞逐渐失去分泌功能，进入衰老，死亡，胞体明显萎缩变小，整个培养过程持续了65d。 相似文献
7.
采用组织化学、免疫组化和生物化学方法对栉孔扇贝外套膜中的一氧化氮合酶(EC1.14.13.39,NOS)活性进行了研究。组织化学显示结果表明,帆状部上皮细胞呈NOS强阳性,血细胞和神经纤维呈阳性;外套触手内有较多近圆形细胞和大量波浪形神经纤维呈NOS强阳性;边缘膜内有大量神经细胞和神经纤维分别呈NOS强阳性和阳性,外套环走肌束附近和血管内皮周围均有大量近圆形的强阳性细胞分布;中央膜有大量近圆形阳性细胞聚集成团块或分散分布。免疫组化显示表明,血细胞、帆状部和边缘膜上皮细胞呈神经型NOS(nNOS)和内皮型NOS(eNOS)弱阳性,而呈诱导型NOS(iNOS)阳性。生化测定结果表明,总NOS(tNOS)活力和一氧化氮(NO)含量均为中央膜最高,边缘膜次之,外套触手较低,帆状部最低,其中结构型NOS(cNOS)活力也是帆状部的最低,而iNOS活力则是外套触手的最低。栉孔扇贝外套膜可能是其神经系统中NOS的发生中心,NO-NOS体系可在其免疫防御和调节等方面发挥重要的作用。 相似文献
8.
以文蛤(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus)外套膜为材料,采用改良的M199培养基,在不同温度和盐平衡条件下进行组织与细胞培养。培养结果显示,24 h左右外套膜组织边缘有细胞爬出,48 h后开始形成单层新生细胞,并发展为生长晕,7~10 d细胞基本长满培养瓶底。细胞培养可持续30~35 d。作者还描述了培养过程中出现的3种不同形态特征的细胞,并对37℃培养条件下细胞的生长及分裂特征作了描述与讨论。 相似文献
9.
研究比较了太平洋牡蛎 (Crassostrea gigas)二倍体与三倍体鳃上皮细胞核长轴、外套膜与唇瓣结缔组织中血淋巴核径、直肠上皮细胞高度的大小。结果显示 ,三倍体鳃上皮细胞核长轴、外套膜与唇瓣结缔组织中血淋巴核径显著大于二倍体 (P<0 .0 1) ,而二倍体和三倍体直肠上皮细胞高度没有明显差别。本研究结果支持了多倍体的巨态性假说 ,并揭示了倍性对细胞核大小的影响。 相似文献
10.
对三角帆蚌内脏团、外套膜的组织化学研究表明：珍珠囊的存在刺激组织输送钙盐。钙盐的聚集经内脏团在营养吸收和循环系统运输路径;经外套膜存在内侧上皮细胞主动运输和循环系统运输路径。这两种路径的输送均由疏松结缔组织参与完成,并使钙盐在分布上存在一定的差异,这些差异对珍珠的质量有较大的影响。 相似文献
11.
利用“平珠”生成法,通过对插入皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannaiIno)外套膜外腔中的玻片上沉积物质的分析,探讨皱纹盘鲍贝壳沉积的过程。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察玻片上沉积物质的超微结构,傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析玻片上沉积晶体的晶相,透射电镜(TEM)观察与玻片接触部分的外套膜的超微结构。结果发现:在将玻片插入外套膜外腔后的4~88h内,有机质首先在玻片上规则沉积。插入玻片88h后方解石晶体开始沉积,104h后出现圆形方解石晶体单位。8d后在方解石晶体表面出现文石晶体突起,15d后出现明显的堆垛型文石片层。27d后突然转变为方解石晶体的沉积。由此可见皱纹盘鲍贝壳的沉积具有一定的周期性,即方解石→文石→方解石的转变为1个周期。透射电镜观察外套膜结构表明在不同的插片时间,外套膜的超微结构不一样。插入玻片24h后,高柱状细胞中的内质网上的核糖体消失,高尔基体数量减少。3d后,大颗粒细胞增多,细胞内充满分泌颗粒。7d后,外套膜上皮细胞新分泌的有机质染色较浅。本研究证明了“平珠”生成法能够模拟贝壳的自然沉积,外套膜细胞超微结构的变化与贝壳沉积过程所处不同阶段有关。 相似文献
12.
13.
Willem J. M. Van Der Linden 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1977,3(2):209-224
A crustal attenuation model, initially proposed to explain the evolution of the Canadian margin of the Labrador Sea, is applicable to both intra-cratonic rift zones and passive continental margins. Examples examined are the East African rifts and the New Zealand Plateau, S. W. Pacific. In the model continental lithosphere is stretched and rifted over thermally and chemically expanding asthenosphere blisters. Magmas, abundantly generated in the zone of partial melting at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, ascend and intrude into the fracturing crust. Upon cooling, these intrusives produce low amplitude magnetic anomalies. Sea-floor spreading begins when the asthenosphere finally breaks through en masse and it is thus only a late phase in a much longer cycle. Attenuated continental crust is often underlain by low velocity, low density, upper mantle, which is indicative of the blending of the crust and mantle. It is suggested that substantial parts of marginal quiet magnetic zones are continent-ocean transitions that formed by crustal attenuation. The attenuation model is used to explain the evolution of the Arctic region. It should help bridge the gap between fixists and mobilists. 相似文献
14.
紫外辐射对南极棕囊藻细胞DMSP合成和DMS释放率的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在不同紫外辐射波段下,南极棕囊藻(Phaeocystis antarctica)细胞的生长率、叶绿素a、细胞内DMSP含量和DMS释放量变化的测定结果表明;UV-B对南极棕囊藻细胞生长率和叶绿素a含量有抑制效应,UV-B还可加快DMSP分解成DMS和丙烯酸的分解速率,而UV-A对该藻细胞的DMSP合成有强烈的抑制效应。鉴于在每年春季极地海洋浮游植物繁殖期间,南极棕囊藻在南极海冰带海洋浮游植物种群结构中占有的优势地位,以及该藻是极地海洋浮游植物中DMS的主要释放者,推测南极“臭氧空洞”所增加的紫外辐射可能会对南极海域的DMS释放率产生一定的影响。 相似文献
15.
The identification of the structures and deformation patterns in magma-poor continental rifted margins is essential to characterize the processes of continental lithosphere necking. Brittle faults, often termed mantle detachments, are believed to play an essential role in the rifting processes that lead to mantle exhumation. However, ductile shear zones in the deep crust and mantle are rarely identified and their mechanical role remains to be established. The western Betics (Southern Spain) provide an exceptional exposure of a strongly thinned continental lithosphere, formed in a supra-subduction setting during Oligocene-Lower Miocene. A full section of the entire crust and the upper part of the mantle is investigated. Variations in crustal thickness are used to quantify crustal stretching that may reach values larger than 2000% where the ductile crust almost disappears, defining a stage of hyper-stretching. Opposite senses of shear top-to-W and top-to-E are observed in two extensional shear zones located close to the crust-mantle boundary and along the brittle-ductile transition in the crust, respectively. Where the ductile crust almost disappears, concordant top-to-E-NE senses of shear are observed in both upper crust and serpentinized mantle. Late high-angle normal faults with ages of ca. 21 Ma or older (40Ar/39Ar on white mica) crosscut the previously hyper-stretched domain, involving both crust and mantle in tilted blocks. The western Betics exemplify, probably better than any previous field example, the changes in deformation processes that accommodate the progressive necking of a continental lithosphere. Three successive steps can be identified: i/a mid-crustal shear zone and a crust-mantle shear zone, acting synchronously but with opposite senses of shear, accommodate ductile crust thinning and ascent of subcontinental mantle; ii/hyper-stretching localizes in the neck, leading to an almost disappearance of the ductile crust and bringing the upper crust in contact with the subcontinental mantle, each of them with their already acquired opposite senses of shear; and iii/high-angle normal faulting, cutting through the Moho, with related block tilting, ends the full exhumation of the mantle in the zone of localized stretching. The presence of a high strength sub-Moho mantle is responsible for the change in sense of shear with depth. Whereas mantle exhumation in the western Betics occurred in a backarc setting, this deformation pattern controlled by a high-strength layer at the top of the lithosphere mantle makes it directly comparable to most passive margins whose formation lead to mantle exhumation. This unique field analogue has therefore a strong potential for the seismic interpretation of the so-called “hyper-extended margins”. 相似文献
16.
Abstract. Anaerobic metabolism in the central and marginal portions of the mantle of Mercenaria mercenaria was compared. Anaerobic succinate accumulation was more rapid in the central region. This difference may be due to higher phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in the central region. Thus, the central region is more specialized for anaerobic metabolism and the marginal region more for net shell growth. The original rate of succinate accumulation in the mantle is similar in isolated mantles and intact clams, suggesting that mantle succinate production does not require translocation of precursors from other tissues. However, in intact clams, the rate of succinate accumulation in the central region of the mantle slows after four hours. The reduced rate is probably caused by reducing the metabolic rate. Succinate accumulation and shell dissolution are slower in freshly collected clams than in clams that had been stored anaerobically. The difference may be due to induction of PEPCK synthesis during storage. Shell derived calcium did not accumulate in the mantle and, therefore did not alter the intracellular calcium concentration in the mantle. 相似文献
17.
西太平洋边缘海盆的形成与演化 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
从地球深部地幔流动引起的地质作用出发，结合裂谷的发展演化规律，认为地幔向东（或南东）的蠕散和流动促使亚洲大陆边缘地壳拉伸、变薄以致破裂，由大陆裂谷发展至弧后裂谷，形成西太平洋边缘海盆。最后提出边缘海盆发展演化的4个阶段，即：新生阶段（郯庐裂谷系）、幼年阶段（冲绳海槽）、青壮年阶段（日本海）和成熟阶段（南海）。 相似文献
18.
运用解剖学、组织学和组织化学方法对毛蚶（Scapharca subcrenata）消化系统的结构和功能进行了研究。结果表明：毛蚶消化系统由消化道和消化盲囊组成。消化道包括唇辩、口、食道、胃、晶杆囊、肠、直肠和肛门。除唇辩、晶杆囊外的消化管壁由内向外可分为四层：粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜。粘膜层包括粘膜上皮和粘膜肌层。口腔和食道上皮为假复层纤毛柱状上皮，消化道其它部位的粘膜上皮都为单层纤毛柱状上皮。胃壁和肠壁的局部缺乏肌层。除口腔腹面的外膜为浆膜外，其余皆为纤维膜。消化盲囊为复管泡状腺，以导管与胃腔相通。腺上皮由胚性细胞（E-细胞）、纤维细胞（F-细胞）、吸收细胞（R-细胞）和分泌细胞（B-细胞）组成。在口、食道、胃、肠等部位的消化管腔存在着吞噬细胞。肠上皮和消化盲囊腺上皮有较强的碱性磷酸酶活性，胃上皮、肠上皮和消化盲囊腺上皮有较强的酸性磷酸酶活性。胃和肠的粘膜下层、消化盲囊腺上皮和结缔组织中含有钙和铁。 相似文献
19.
To decipher the distribution of mass anomalies near the earth's surface and their relation to the major tectonic elements of a spreading plate boundary, we have analyzed shipboard gravity data in the vicinity of the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 31–34.5° S. The area of study covers six ridge segments, two major transforms, the Cox and Meteor, and three small offsets or discordant zones. One of these small offsets is an elongate, deep basin at 33.5° S that strikes at about 45° to the adjoining ridge axes.By subtracting from the free-air anomaly the three-dimensional (3-D) effects of the seafloor topography and Moho relief, assuming constant densities of the crust and mantle and constant crustal thickness, we generate the mantle Bouguer anomaly. The mantle Bouguer anomaly is caused by variations in crustal thickness and the temperature and density structure of the mantle. By subtracting from the mantle Bouguer anomaly the effects of the density variations due to the 3-D thermal structure predicted by a simple model of passive flow in the mantle, we calculate the residual gravity anomalies. We interpret residual gravity anomalies in terms of anomalous crustal thickness variations and/or mantle thermal structures that are not considered in the forward model. As inferred from the residual map, the deep, major fracture zone valleys and the median, rift valleys are not isostatically compensated by thin crust. Thin crust may be associated with the broad, inactive segment of the Meteor fracture zone but is not clearly detected in the narrow, active transform zone. On the other hand, the presence of high residual anomalies along the relict trace of the oblique offset at 33.5° S suggests that thin crust may have been generated at an oblique spreading center which has experienced a restricted magma supply. The two smaller offsets at 31.3° S and 32.5° S also show residual anomalies suggesting thin crust but the anomalies are less pronounced than that at the 33.5° S oblique offset. There is a distinct, circular-shaped mantle Bouguer low centered on the shallowest portion of the ridge segment at about 33° S, which may represent upwelling in the form of a mantle plume beneath this ridge, or the progressive, along-axis crustal thinning caused by a centered, localized magma supply zone. Both mantle Bouguer and residual anomalies show a distinct, local low to the west of the ridge south of the 33.5° S oblique offset and relatively high values at and to the east of this ridge segment. We interpret this pattern as an indication that the upwelling center in the mantle for this ridge is off-axis to the west of the ridge. 相似文献