共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 54 毫秒
1.
数字化X线成像技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
郗雁平 《CT理论与应用研究》2004,13(2):30-32
X线数字化技术是当前医学影像领域最新最重要技术之一,本文简要介绍X线数字化成像技术的现状,并阐述了间接数字化X线成像技术和直接数字化X线成像技术的各种类型及原理. 相似文献
2.
MSCT和X线平片在诊断腰椎滑脱症中的临床价值比较 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
目的:比较X线平片和多排螺旋CT诊断腰椎滑脱的准确性,并评价临床价值。方法:搜集40例经X线平片、MSCT检查诊断并手术治疗的腰椎滑脱患者,X线平片和MSCT判定腰椎滑脱程度、部位、类型的结果与手术对照。结果:40例患者,27例手术证实为真性滑脱,13例为假性滑脱。以手术为对照,X线平片、MSCT诊断腰椎滑脱程度和部位准确率为100%;X线平片判定腰椎滑脱类型的敏感性、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值为分别为59.3%、100%、100%和54.2%;MSCT判定滑脱类型的敏感性、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值均为100%;X线平片和MSCT对滑脱类型判定具有明显统计学差异(P0.01)。结论:X线平片、MSCT判定腰椎滑脱程度和部位均具有较高的准确性;判定腰椎滑脱类型,MSCT比X线平片好,X线平片目前仍是基本的筛查方法,MSCT进一步明确腰椎滑脱类型诊断,为临床提供更多的影像信息和治疗方案。 相似文献
3.
采用平板探测器的X射线锥束成像系统中,由于散射会带来图像伪影从而劣化图像质量,通常采用在平板探测器前安装滤线栅来去除散射,但滤线栅会在获取的图像上形成周期性的条状伪影,如何去除条状伪影是X射线锥束成像系统中的一个关键技术问题。本文对已有的滤线栅条纹去除方法进行概述,创新性地提出基于频谱拼接的小波变换方法,既能在损失物体细节信息少的前提下很好地去除滤线栅条纹,又不会引入小波变换谐波。通过实际实验,检验该方法的有效性。 相似文献
4.
目的探讨SARS的X线影像诊断学特点.材料与方法对39例临床确诊为SARS患者的胸部X线影像及部分CT图像进行分析. 结果发现SARS的胸部X线影像表现为病变呈片状、条片状或磨玻璃样改变,病灶变化快,动态观察可呈游走性,而CT表现为磨玻璃样密度影像及肺实变影像等特点.结论 SARS患者X线胸片影像、CT影像表现需结合流行病史、临床、实验室检查和X线影像学检查进行综合判断. 相似文献
5.
目的：总结骨盆骨折的X线和CT影像学特点并探讨漏诊原因。方法：回顾性对比分析620例同时有X线平片及螺旋CT检查的骨盆骨折影像资料,比较检出率,分析漏诊因素。结果：620例共有骨盆骨折1036处及关节脱位/分离38处,其中髂骨骨折255处,髋臼骨折226处,骶尾骨骨折99处,耻骨上下支骨折341处,坐骨骨折115处,髋关节及骶髂关节脱位20处,耻骨联合分离18例。X线片共漏诊169处小骨折,1处髋关节后脱位,5处骶髂关节脱位、3处耻骨联合轻度分离。X线的骨折诊断检出率为83.7%,脱位诊断检出率为76.3%;其中226处髋臼骨折X线、SSD分别漏诊61处、20处,X线、SSD骨折诊断检出率分别为73.0%、91.2%。99处骶尾骨骨折X线平片与SSD分别漏诊48、11处;检出率分别为56.0%、89.9%。经χ2检验,骨盆骨折的X线平片与CT检查比较,p〈0.05,差异有统计学意义;SSD与常规螺旋CT和/或MPR比较,p〉0.05,差异无统计学意义。结论：螺旋CT骨折检出率明显优于X线检查;螺旋CT结合MPR、SSD可更好地显示骨折及其周围情况,术前正确诊断对治疗方案、手术入路及制定详细的手术计划可提供正确指导。 相似文献
6.
徐沔 《CT理论与应用研究》2000,9(Z1):108
成功开发制造了检测大型工件的工业CT系统(BJCT450W-Ⅱ)。采用高稳定450kV X射线源,高效线阵列固体光电辐射探测器。数控精密机电扫描工作台,进行平移、旋转扫描运动及切片位置的改变。前端计算机和主计算机组成网络系统,负责系统扫描运行、数据采集和重建断面图像。在图像重建算法和图像处理数学的研究基础上,开发了自己的软件系统。 相似文献
7.
X线侧位片与高分辨率CT对鼻骨骨折的对比研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
目的 通过86例鼻骨骨折的鼻骨X线侧位片与高分辨率CT(HRCT）对比研究，确定HRCT检查对鼻骨骨折的诊断价值。材料与方祛 86例鼻外伤或/和He、面外伤的患者均进行了鼻骨X线侧位摄影、HRCT扫描检查，经集体讨论，由有经验的放射医师对全部影像资料进行分析并进行统计学处理。结果HRCT显示所有的86例鼻骨骨折，但在此86例骨折中X线平片只显示了35例阳性，包括15例鼻骨汇合部骨折，7例双侧鼻骨骨折，3例复合骨折(鼻骨汇合部及双侧鼻骨骨折)，l0例鼻区骨折。X线平片显示5l例为阴性。结论 对鼻骨骨折的诊断，HRCT明显优于鼻骨X线侧位片，HRCT扫描检查可提高X线隐性鼻骨骨折的诊断，并可明确鼻骨骨折的类型、范围和程度，为临床诊断和治疗提供可靠的依据。 相似文献
8.
目的：通过比较 X 线平片与三维 CT 检查对胫骨平台骨折损伤评价的信度和效度,探讨 X线平片与 CT 检查的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年1月间收治的32例胫骨平台骨折损伤的病例,分别使用 X 线平片和三维 CT 检查对骨折损伤程度及部位做出判断,对骨折特征进行分析,对结果的效度进行判断（金标准为手术记录所描述）,并用 McNemar 检验比较 X 线平片和三维 CT 判断结果。结果：胫骨平台骨折三维 CT 重建在外柱诊断优于 X 线平片（P =0.031）,对骨折分型具有更高临床价值。结论：使用三维 CT 检查能够提高对胫骨平台骨折损伤评价的可靠性和准确性,可更好指导诊断及治疗方案的制订。 相似文献
9.
目的:总结新型冠状病毒肺炎(2019-nCoV)的X线、CT表现,为临床提供影像学诊断依据。材料与方法:收集2020年1月21日至2月25日我院发热门诊的1028例患者,均进行X线检查,其中18例核酸检测确诊为2019-nCoV,6例同日行CT检查,9例于1周内进行影像学复查。结果:18例确诊的2019-nCoV患者,4例X线表现为肺纹理增重,14例X线表现为肺内单发或多发病灶。好发部位为肺下叶,单侧肺下叶病灶9例,双肺下叶病灶3例,双下肺合并双肺上叶病灶2例。6例同日进行CT检查,1例CT正常,3例发现X线胸片未显示的小片状磨玻璃影,2例CT显示的病灶较X线片多,CT表现以双肺胸膜下分布为主,可伴空气支气管征且小叶间隔增厚。6例患者1周内复查X线片,3例复查CT,其中1例CT显示磨玻璃影吸收,8例显示病变进展,范围较前增大和病灶增多,以双下肺外带为著。结论:新冠肺炎胸部X线及CT表现具有一定的特征性,结合临床病史和实验室检查可作出明确诊断。 相似文献
10.
用二维MHD数值模拟研究了地球磁层顶的涡旋重联和单X线重联,并将两者作了比较。涡旋重联和单X线重联各在Alfvèn马赫数M_Λ大于和小于0.5时出现于向阳面磁层顶。前者所产生的磁岛与涡旋同心重叠;后者磁力线重联仅产生X点,而不闭合形成磁岛,涡旋分布于X点两侧。在涡旋重联的自组织过程中,互螺旋度等近似守恒决定其渐近态的拓扑结构。最后,讨论了这两种重联对通量传输事件所起的不同作用。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
19.
M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献