共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 630 毫秒
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我国是全球二氟一氯甲烷（HCFC-22）的主要生产国,在HCFC-22的生产过程中,会产生大量的温室气体--三氟甲烷（HFC-23）。通过分析我国11个HFC-23减排清洁发展机制（CDM）项目的监测数据,确定HFC-23的排放因子,估算我国2000-2010年HFC-23的排放量,并预测了2011-2020年HFC-23的排放量和减排潜力。预计到2020年,我国HFC-23的排放量将达到2.3亿t CO2当量。如果HCFC-22企业能够实现自主减排,那么将为我国2020年CO2排放强度下降40%～45%的减排目标贡献3.2%～3.6%。 相似文献
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开展交通领域大气污染物与温室气体协同减排研究对于实现能源、环境和气候变化综合管理具有重要意义.文中以我国交通部门污染物与温室气体协同治理为切入点,开展道路、铁路、水运、航空和管道运输等各子部门未来需求预测,并运用长期能源可替代规划系统模型(LEAP),通过构建基准情景、污染减排情景、绿色低碳情景和强化低碳情景,模拟分析... 相似文献
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中国电力行业1990-2050年温室气体排放研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《气候变化研究进展》2015,(5)
采用《国家温室气体清单指南》推荐方法,估算了1990—2014年中国各省份电力行业的温室气体排放水平。研究时期内,中国电力行业排放增长6.2倍,达到38.0(95%信度区间为31.3~46.0)亿tCO_2当量(CO_2-eq),而各省排放水平及其变化趋势呈现出显著的差异,排放重心向西部省份转移,内蒙古成为全国电力行业排放最大的省份。同时基于未来电源结构的发展方案,预测了2015—2050年不同电力需求情景下电力行业温室气体排放的变化趋势和达到排放峰值情况。电力需求高增速情景下2034年达到排放峰值59.5(49_3~71.8)亿t CO_2-eq,而低增速情景可以提前至2031年达到排放峰值,且峰值水平下降7.7(6.3~9.3)亿tCO_2-eq。 相似文献
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利用轨迹分析法、印痕分析和流场分析法,结合上甸子站卤代温室气体H-1301、HCFC-22、CFC-11和SF6在线浓度观测数据,选取2012年9月7-12日上甸子测站卤代温室气体浓度短期波动典型个例进行分析.轨迹分析结果表明：7日12时,污染发生前,气团主要来自较远的偏西北、偏北方向,水平输送距离长,移动迅速,垂直高度高,对应的卤代温室气体浓度偏低,H-1301、HCFC-22、CFC-11和SF6的体积分数分别为4x10-12、350x10-12、260x10-12、10x10-12;9、10日有一定比例的气团在测站的偏南区域近地面回旋打转,水平输送距离短,垂直高度低,在边界层内缓慢移动,不利于污染物在边界层内扩散,导致卤代温室气体浓度偏高,对测站浓度的短期抬升贡献较大,9日12时H-1301、HCFC-22、CFC-11的峰值体积分数分别达到45x10-12、1 200x 10-12、310x10-12,10日03时SF6的峰值体积分数达到28x10-12;11日西南方向回旋气团消失;12日气团完全来自较远的西北方向且轨迹移动较快.印痕分析与轨迹分析结果一致：7、8日敏感性系数较高区域主要分布在测站以北,9、10日敏感性系数较高区域分布在测站偏南,11、12日测站偏南的敏感性系数较高区域消失.流场分析结果表明：9、10日环流形势有利于污染物在测站区域累积,造成测站浓度的短期抬升. 相似文献
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HFC-134a在中国汽车空调行业广泛使用,并已成为中国目前排放量最大的有意生产和使用的HFCs之一。欧盟和美国已经颁布相关法律法规控制包括HFC-134a在内的含氟温室气体的消费和排放。如果选择低全球变暖潜势（GWP）替代技术,中国汽车空调行业将具有巨大的温室气体减排潜力;伴随着汽车空调系统需求呈现的多样化,现有替代技术如HFO-124yf、HFC-152a、CO2等各有优势和不足,需要综合考虑它们的经济成本、市场化可行性以及安全风险和环保标准;制定HFC-134a淘汰政策、积极推进替代技术的研究和应用,以积极响应国际社会加快淘汰HFC-134a的行动,也是落实2014年《中美气候变化联合声明》中提出的关于削减全球氢氟碳化物的行动。 相似文献
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基于NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及6个CMIP6全球气候模式模拟资料,对1961—2014年北半球湿热指数表征的热不舒适天数与风寒指数表征的冷不舒适天数历史变化进行归因分析,并预估未来(2015—2100年)4种不同情景下不舒适天数的变化趋势。结果表明:历史时期北半球中低(中高)纬度地区热(冷)不舒适天数偏多且不舒适天数显著增加(减少)。其中,高纬度(中纬度)地区能够检测到历史全强迫,人为强迫和温室气体强迫的影响,且温室气体强迫主导了冷(热)不舒适天数变化。低纬度地区,热不舒适天数显著增加可归因于人为温室气体强迫作用,气溶胶强迫能够产生相反的作用降低热不舒适的发生率,冷不舒适天数则受气候系统内部的调控作用。未来热(冷)不舒适天数将持续增加(减少),其中ssp585与ssp370情景下舒适度变化显著,ssp126与ssp245情景下,2080年后北半球人类遭受的冷热不舒适感将维持在稳定的水平。 相似文献
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利用耦合模式比较计划第5阶段(CMIP5)提供的18个全球气候模式的模拟结果,预估了3种典型浓度路径(RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP8.5)下“一带一路”地区平均气候和极端气候的未来变化趋势。结果表明:在温室气体持续排放情景下,“一带一路”地区年平均气温在未来将会持续上升,升温幅度随温室气体浓度的增加而加大。在高温室气体排放情景(RCP8.5)下,到21世纪末期,平均气温将普遍升高5℃以上,其中北亚地区升幅最大,南亚和东南亚地区升幅最小。对于降水的变化,预估该区域大部分地区的年降水量将增加,其中西亚和北亚增加最为明显,而且在21世纪中期,RCP2.6情景下的增幅要比RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下的偏大,而在21世纪后期,RCP8.5情景下降水的增幅比RCP2.6和RCP4.5情景下的偏大。未来极端温度也将呈升高的趋势,增温幅度高纬度地区大于低纬度地区、高排放情景大于低排放情景。而且在高纬度区域,极端低温的增暖幅度要大于极端高温的增幅。连续干旱日数在北亚和东亚总体呈现减少趋势,而在其他地区则呈增加趋势。极端强降水在“一带一路”区域总体上将增强,增强最明显的地区位于南亚、东南亚和东亚。 相似文献
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利用ECHAM5/MPI-OM气候模式输出的2001-2050年逐月降水量资料,考虑IPCC采用的3种排放情景（A2：温室气体高排放情景;A1B:温室气体中排放情景;B1：温室气体低排放情景）,计算其标准化降水指数,分析了中国2050年前3种排放情景下的旱涝格局。结果表明：3种情景下旱涝趋势空间分布不同,其中A2情景下旱涝格局同1961-2000年观测到的旱涝格局相似,均存在一条由东北向西南的干旱带;而A1B和B1情景下旱涝格局则发生了很大的变化,尤其B1情景下出现了"北涝南旱"的格局。未来50 a干旱面积在A2情景下呈略增加趋势;A1B和B1情景下为减少趋势。3种情景下干旱频率的空间分布也各不相同。 相似文献
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《Climate Policy》2013,13(2):851-864
The clean development mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol allows industrialized countries to use credits from greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement projects in developing countries. A key requirement of the CDM is that the emission reductions be real, measurable and additional. This article uses data from registered projects to evaluate the extent to which these objectives are met by projects that reduce hydrofluorocarbon-23 (HFC-23) emissions in the production of hydrochlorofluorocarbon-22 (HCFC-22). The data show that HCFC-22 plants produced significantly less HFC-23 during periods when no emission credits could be claimed compared with periods when HFC-23 destruction could be credited under the CDM. Moreover, the total amount of HCFC-22 produced appears to be determined mainly by CDM rules. This suggests that the claimed emission reductions may partly not be real and that the CDM provides perverse incentives to generate more HFC-23. The accelerated phase-out of HCFCs under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer could worsen this situation. To address these issues an ambitious emission benchmark for the baseline HFC-23 emissions is proposed. 相似文献
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三氟甲烷（HFC-23）是我国排放量最大的氢氟碳化物（HFCs）,受到《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》的管控。2015年我国出台了HFC-23运行补贴政策,支持国内企业开展HFC-23的处置。通过对2014—2018年公开减排数据的汇总分析,发现运行补贴政策的实施有效地激励了企业的减排,受补贴企业HFC-23处置率达98%。2014—2018年累计减排HFC-23约5.20万t,折合6.08亿t CO2-eq。此外,对照国际公约未来履约义务,建议在运行补贴政策结束后尽快出台明确针对全行业的管控政策,包括定量化减排目标和统一的企业自主监测标准。 相似文献
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The products of the Cl-atom initiated reactions of a series of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) in air have been investigated at 298 K and one atmosphere (740 Torr total pressure) of air. The products observed and quantified and their yields (%) were as follows: from CHF2Cl (HCFC-22), C(O)F2 (100%); from CHFCl2 (HCFC-21), C(O)FCl (100%); from CH2FCl (HCFC-31), HC(O)F (100%); from CH3F (HFC-41), HC(O)F (100%); from CH3CFCl2 (HCFC-141b), C(O)FCl (100%); from CH3CF2Cl (HCFC-142b), C(O)F2 (100%); from CH3CHF2 (HFC-152a), C(O)F2 (92%); from CHCl2CF3 (HCFC-123), CF3C(O)Cl (98%); from CHFClCF3 (HCFC-124), CF3C(O)F (101%); and from CHF2CF3 (HFC-125), C(O)F2 (100%). The reaction mechanisms are discussed. 相似文献
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Impacts on Global Ozone and Climate from Use and Emission of 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Analyses of emissions, and consequent chlorine loading, show that projected use of 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) will result in a virtually indiscernible impact on stratospheric ozone. Parametric scenarios uphold this conclusion, even for extreme levels of emissions far exceeding those of current technologies and practices. Additional scenarios reaffirm the conclusion for continued use – beyond the scheduled phaseout date – as a refrigerant in closed systems. By contrast, use of this compound offers unique opportunities to reduce global warming. Moreover, time-dependent analyses show that the minimal contribution to stratospheric chlorine from HCFC-123 emissions will not peak until more than a decade after the residual peaks of chlorine and bromine, from prior chlorofluorocarbon and halon releases, subside. While no single index exists to compare the relative demerits of ozone depletion and climate change, three conclusions are clear. First, reversal of the buildup of bromine and chlorine (i.e., healing of the ozone layer) is underway and progressing on target, while sufficient practical remedies for global climate change are far more difficult. Second, the analyses show that phaseout of all chlorinated, and conceptually – but much less probably – all brominated, compounds of anthropogenic origin targets some compounds that provide environmental benefits. Most chlorinated and brominated compounds do warrant phaseout; the exceptions are those with very short atmospheric lifetimes, and consequent low ozone depletion potential (ODP), that also offer offsetting environmental benefits. And third, since new global environmental concerns may, and probably will, be identified in the future, a more scientific approach is needed to determine environmental acceptability or rejection. 相似文献
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近年来HFC-134a作为中国汽车空调行业CFC-12制冷剂最主要的替代品,其消费量增长迅速,是中国消费量最大的HFCs（氢氟烃类物质）。以2005年为基线,通过制冷剂替代、技术进步、熟练操作和政策控制等情景假设,预测了中国汽车空调行业HFC-134a的需求量及排放量。结果表明：到2010和2015年,汽车空调HFC-134a的消费量将分别接近2.0万和3.5万t,排放量将分别接近1.6万和3.0万t,约折合排放21.0 和39.0 Mt CO2当量。上述排放相对基线情景（即维持当前政策措施和不开展回收活动）,2010年和2015年减排温室气体分别为6.7 和13.0 Mt CO2当量。 相似文献
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This paper uses the OECD’s global recursive-dynamic general equilibrium model ENVLinkages to examine the mid-term economic consequences and the optimal energy supply mix adjustments of a simultaneous implementation of i) a progressive fossil fuel subsidy reform in emerging and developing economies and ii) a progressive phase out of nuclear energy, mostly affecting OECD countries, China and Russia. The analysis is then transposed in the context of climate change mitigation to depict the corresponding implications for CO2 emissions, to assess the interactions between the two energy policies, and to derive how the associated costs are affected by the different policies. The phase-out scenario projects a nuclear capacity halved by 2035 as compared to the Baseline, corresponding to $120 billion losses in value-added of the nuclear industry for that year. The nuclear phase-out leaves GDP and real household consumption marginally affected in energy importing countries. A multilateral subsidy reform is more likely to affect international fossil fuel prices and alter patterns of global energy use. The fossil fuel subsidy reform, when implemented together with nuclear phase-out, more than offsets negative consequences on household consumption but still leads to a decrease in global CO2 emissions. The combined policies help save the equivalent of current energy consumption in the Middle East. Combining a climate policy, an effective fossil fuel subsidy reform, even with a lower nuclear share in the power mix, brings about multiple benefits to OECD countries which reduce their energy bill and achieve large climate change mitigation at lower cost. 相似文献
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WANG Futang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2001,15(4):498-508
Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will strengthen the naturalgreenhouse effect,which could lead to global climate warming and more other changes.China is alargely agricultural country with a large size of population and the relative shortages of farminglands and water resources,thus increasing the importance of climate warming for national economydevelopment.Therefore,Chinese government and scientists have paid great attention to theimpact-assessment of climate warming on national economy in China,especially during the past 10years.This presentation will briefly describe some major issues of climate warming impact researchon national vegetation,agriculture,forest,water resources,energy use and regional sea level forChina,etc.As a result,all climate change scenarios derived by GCMs suggest a substantial change in thecharacteristic natural vegetation types.It is also shown that comparing with the distributionsimulated under the normal time period 1951—1980 as the present climate,by 2050 large changesin cropping systems would occur almost everywhere in China.Climate warming would lead toincrease cropping diversification and multiplication.Unfortunately,the possible net balancebetween precipitation and evapotranspiration would be negative and it would lead to reduce thegrain production in China significantly due to enhanced moisture stress in soil.The most evidentinfluence of climate warming on water resources would happen in Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe Basin andthe water supply-demand deficit would be substantially enhanced in this area.And also,a warmerclimate for China will alter the energy requirement for domestic heating and cooling,that is,reduce energy use for heating in northern China and increase energy consumption for cooling insouthern China. 相似文献
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近年来，我国政府和科技界十分关注气候王馥棠变暖对我国经济发展可能影响的评估, 开展了许多重大项目和课题的研究。该文仅就气候变暖对我国自然植被、农业、森林、水资源、能源利用和区域海平面上升等领域影响评估研究的若干有意义的初步结果简要归纳和评述如下:取自不同GCM模型的未来气候变化情景下的影响评估模拟表明，我国的特征性自然植被类型将会发生明显的变化。同当前气候（1951~1980年）下的模拟分布相比，到2050年我国几乎所有地方的农业种植制度均将发生较大变化；气候变暖将导致复种指数增加和种植方式多样化，但降水与蒸散之间可能出现的负平衡和土壤水分胁迫的增加以及生育期的可能缩短，最终将导致我国主要作物的产量下降。气候变暖对我国水资源最明显的影响将会发生在黄淮海流域，这个区域的水资源供需短缺将大大提高。同时，气候变暖将改变我国室内取暖和降温的能源需求关系:北方冬季取暖的能源消耗将减少, 而南方夏季降温的能源消耗将会增加。海平面的上升将使我国三个主要沿海低洼脆弱区，即珠江三角洲、长江三角洲和黄河三角洲，面临部分遭受海水淹没的威胁。 相似文献