共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Jayantha Fernando 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2010,28(6):835-850
The paper details an investigation into non-dispersive soils, carried out as part of the geotechnical site investigation for
the Morwell River and Strzelecki Highway relocation project at Morwell, Victoria, Australia. The investigation revealed that
the quality of water used for Emerson testing could change the concept of soil dispersion. Water quality, in terms of total
dissolved solids (TDS) in water, changed the dispersive properties of clays found in the area. Increase in TDS tends to decrease
the dispersive/erosive characteristics of soils. As a consequence, soils can be identified as non-dispersive if the TDS levels
of the water used in testing ranges from 100 to 200 mg/L. This was further evident in pinhole tests carried out on dispersive
soils in river water (as opposed to distilled water) with a TDS of 200 mg/L. The pinhole testing for dispersive soils in river
water did not show any erosion, whereas the same samples showed higher erosion in distilled water. Further research was conducted
into establishing a turning point TDS (where water quality would not allow dispersive clays to form a colloidal cloud around
a soil sample or where water quality will stop the dispersive/erosive characteristics of dispersive clays). The turning point
TDS was identified as 105 mg/L. 相似文献
2.
N. Heidarzadeh O. Motiey Nejad 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(12):2623-2636
In this research, total dissolved solids (TDS) was simulated by CE-QUAL-W2 software in two scenarios of with and without sedimentation in normal, dry, and wet periods of inflow for Shahriyar reservoir, an under-construction dam located in Iran. Shahriyar reservoir is a dam with a total capacity of 700 million cubic meters (MCM) and a dead volume of 360 MCM. In case of with sedimentation compared with without sedimentation, results showed an annual average increase of 4, 4.3, and 8.7% in TDS of outflow for normal, wet, and dry periods, respectively. There is no significant change in TDS profile of the reservoir in both conditions. According to the average outflow TDS of 1448, 1301, and 1555 mg/L compared with the average inflow TDS of 1714, 1520, and 1835 in normal, wet, and dry conditions, respectively, the effect of dam on inflow TDS adjustment can be also observed. With the mentioned outflow TDS, there is no limitation to use of reservoir water for agricultural purposes based on FAO irrigation guidelines for both scenarios. 相似文献
3.
沉积盆地油田卤水中蕴藏着锂、铷、铯等战略性关键矿产资源, 其成因研究具有重要意义。本次研究采集了江汉盆地潜江凹陷王场地区地下卤水样品18件, 测试了其化学组成, 分析了卤水的水化学特征、元素相关性和特征系数, 探讨了该地区深层卤水成因。研究区卤水赋存于古近系潜江组砂岩中, 矿化度(TDS)平均值为260.04 g/L, 水化学类型为Cl-Na型, pH值在7.03~8.01之间。与往年相比, 潜江凹陷卤水矿化度呈逐年下降趋势, 可能与油田的开采注水有关。Na、Cl含量与TDS呈现了明显的正相关性, Li、K、B和Br含量随着TDS增加而升高, 而Ca含量随着TDS增加呈下降趋势, 可能揭示了原生沉积卤水蒸发浓缩的过程。高的钠氯系数(1.09~1.21)和氯溴系数(480~1547.60)以及低的钾氯系数(3.75~14.82)表明了来自石盐溶解的贡献, 波动的钙镁系数和脱硫系数反映了不均一的封闭性和变质程度, 从潜一段至潜四段封闭性变好、变质程度变高。研究区地下卤水为陆相盐湖原生蒸发沉积, 有明显石盐淋滤的物源补给, 储集空间整体封闭性较差, 变质程度较低。 相似文献
4.
通过2013年6-9月对唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川流域河水的逐日定时样品采集,并结合流域水文与气象资料,对径流的总溶解固体（TDS）和悬移质的变化特征进行分析。结果表明：2013年消融期的平均气温为3.7℃,消融期降水量为546 mm,7月和8月两个月径流量占消融期总径流量的63%。消融期逐日的TDS变化范围为31~140 mg·L-1,平均值为60 mg·L-1,TDS随径流变化显著,表现为消融强烈时（7-8月） TDS浓度较低,消融初期（6月）和末期（9月）时TDS浓度较高;径流中TDS与悬移质浓度（SSC）变化表现出相反变化趋势,即消融强烈时悬移质浓度较高,而消融初期与末期悬移质浓度较低,消融期平均悬移质浓度为122.8 mg·L-1,流量-SSC时序关系表现为以顺时针滞后事件为主。2013年冬克玛底冰川流域消融期的化学侵蚀总量和物理侵蚀总量分别为2.214×103 t和6.722×103 t,化学侵蚀与物理侵蚀率的比值为0.33。 相似文献
5.
6.
为分析干旱区高盐度潜水蒸发规律,于2012年4月1日~2014年3月31日在新疆昌吉地下水均衡试验站开展了不同总溶解固体 (0.8 g/L、30 g/L和100 g/L)、不同包气带岩性(细砂和粉质黏土)和不同潜水埋深(0 m、0.5 m、1.0 m、2.0 m和3.0 m)潜水蒸发量的监测工作。结果表明:当潜水埋深大于0.5 m时,包气带岩性对高总溶解固体(Total Dissolved Solids, TDS)潜水蒸发量的影响与淡水基本一致;潜水埋深0.5 m、TDS为30 g/L时,包气带岩性的差异对潜水蒸发量的影响远小于由于潜水的TDS和外界大气蒸发能力对潜水蒸发共同造成的影响;潜水位埋深为0 m、TDS为100 g/L、包气带为粉质黏土时,年内潜水蒸发趋势与大气蒸发能力EΦ20的趋势相反;潜水埋深0.5~1.0 m时,在非冻结期随着TDS的升高,潜水蒸发量逐渐减小;当潜水埋深为3.0 m时,TDS的变化对潜水蒸发抑制作用存在滞后性。 相似文献
7.
The Quilalar Formation and correlative Mary Kathleen Group in the Mount Isa Inlier, Australia, conformably overlie rift-related volcanics and sediments and non-conformably overlie basement rocks. They represent a thermal-relaxation phase of sedimentation between 1780 and 1740 Ma. Facies analysis of the lower siliciclastic member of the Quilalar Formation and the coeval Ballara Quartzite permits discrimination of depositional systems that were restricted areally to either N-S-trending marginal platform or central trough palaeogeographic settings. Four depositional systems, each consisting of several facies, are represented in the lower Quilalar Formation-Ballara Quartzite; these are categorized broadly as storm-dominated shelf (SDS), continental (C), tide-dominated shelf (TDS) and wave-dominated shoreline (WDS). SDS facies consist either of black pyritic mudstone intervals up to 10 m thick, or mudstone and sandstone associated in 6–12-m-thick, coarsening-upward parasequences. Black mudstones are interpreted as condensed sections that developed as a result of slow sedimentation in an outer-shelf setting starved of siliciclastic influx. Vertical transition of facies in parasequences reflects flooding followed by shoaling of different shelf subenvironments; the shoreface contains evidence of subaerial exposure. Continental facies consist of fining-upward parasequences of fluvial origin and tabular, 0·4–4-m-thick, aeolian parasequences. TDS facies are represented by stacked, tabular parasequences between 0·5 and 5 m thick. Vertical arrangement of facies in parasequences reflects flooding and establishment of a tidal shelf followed by shoaling to intertidal conditions. WDS facies are preserved in 0·5–3-m-thick, stacked, tabular parasequences. Vertical transition of facies reflects initial flooding with wave reworking of underlying arenites along a ravinement surface, followed by shoaling from lower shoreface to foreshore conditions. Parasequences are stacked in retrogradational and progradational parasequence sets. Retrogradational sets consist of thin SDS parasequences in the trough, and C, TDS and probably WDS parasequences on the platforms. Thick SDS parasequences in the trough, and TDS, subordinate C and probably WDS parasequences on the platforms make up progradational parasequence sets. Depositional systems are associated in systems tracts that make up 40–140-m-thick sequences bounded by type-2 sequence boundaries that are disconformities. Transgressive systems tracts consist of C, TDS and probably WDS depositional systems on the platforms and the SDS depositional system and suspension mudstone deposits in the trough. The transgressive systems tract is characterized by retrogradational parasequence sets and developed in response to accelerating rates of sea-level rise following lowstand. Condensed-section deposits in the trough, and the thickest TDS parasequences on the platforms reflect maximum rates of sea-level rise and define maximum flooding surfaces. Highstand systems tract deposits are progradational. Early highstand systems tracts are represented by TDS and probably WDS depositional systems on the platforms and suspension mudstone deposits in the trough and reflect decreasing rates of sea-level rise. Later highstand systems tracts consist of the progradational SDS depositional system in the trough and, possibly, thin continental facies on the platforms. This stage of sequence development is related to slow rates of sea-level rise, stillstand and slow rates of fall. Lowstand deposits of shelf-margin systems tracts are not recognized but may be represented by shoreface deposits at the top of progradational SDS parasequence sets. 相似文献
8.
Alexander Vandenbohede Ilka Wallis Emmanuel Van Houtte Eric Van Ranst 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(6):1307-1321
Managed artificial recharge (MAR) is a well-established practice for augmentation of depleted groundwater resources or for environmental benefit. At the St-André MAR site in the Belgian dune area, groundwater resources are optimised through re-use of highly treated wastewater by means of infiltration ponds. The very high quality of the infiltration water sets this system apart from other MAR systems. The low total dissolved solid (TDS) content in the infiltration water (less than 50 mg/L) compared to the dune aquifer (500 mg/L) triggers a number of reactions, increasing the TDS through soil-aquifer passage. Multi-component reactive transport modelling was applied to analyse the geochemical processes that occur. Carbonate dissolution is the main process increasing the TDS of the infiltration water. Oxic aquifer conditions prevail between the infiltration ponds and the extraction wells. This is driven by the high flow velocities, leaving no time to consume O2 between the ponds and extraction wells. Cation exchange is important when infiltration water is replaced by native dune water or when significant changes in infiltration-water quality occur. The seasonal variation of O2 and temperature in the infiltration water are the main drivers for seasonal changes in the concentration of all major ions. 相似文献
9.
10.
广西北海市地下水系统水化学特征的分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
对广西北海市近20年的地下水水质监测资料和2002-2003年野外实地取样的测试资料进行分析,并采用Piper图和Q型群分析进行水化学分类,结果表明该地区北部地下水以Ca·Na-HCO3型为主,水化学特征显示地下水化学成分受降雨入渗和溶滤的影响,而南部地下水以Na-Cl或Na·Ca-Cl型为主。北海市天然条件下地下水的矿化度低,pH值低,呈偏酸性。低矿化度的雨水、可溶盐含量极低的含水介质、迅速的水循环以及长期的淋滤作用,导致了北海地区地下水低矿化度的特点。 相似文献
11.
金沙江河谷巧家段地下水化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
金沙江河谷巧家段地形切割强烈,最大相对高差可达2 719 m,水文地质条件差异大,河谷区内泉水出露众多。对河谷区内38组泉水水化学组分进行分析的结果表明:地下水化学类型较简单,主要为HCO3- Ca、HCO3- Ca?Mg、HCO3- Mg?Ca型;地下水溶解性总固体(TDS)浓度变化较大,总体上TDS浓度自河谷斜坡补给-径流区至谷底排泄区,具有逐步增高的趋势;孔隙水TDS浓度明显高于岩溶水;地下水宏量组分HCO3-、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-与TDS具有正相关关系。据水化学组分变化分析谷底第四系地层中出露大泉的形成条件,其为孔隙水与岩溶水相混合形成。 相似文献
12.
Seventy-six samples of formation waters were collected from oil wells producing from the Aux Vases or Cypress Formations in the Illinois Basin. Forty core samples of the reservoir rocks were also collected from the two formations. Analyses of the samples indicated that the total dissolved solids content (TDS) of the waters ranged from 43,300 to 151,400 mg/L, far exceeding the 35,400 mg/L of TDS found in typical seawater. Cl-Br relations suggested that high salinities in the Aux Vases and Cypress formation waters resulted from the evaporation of original seawater and subsequent mixing of the evaporated seawater with concentrated halite solutions. Mixing with the halite solutions increased Na and Cl concentrations and diluted the concentration of other ions in the formation waters. The elemental concentrations were influenced further by diagenetic reactions with silicate and carbonate minerals. Diagenetic signatures revealed by fluid chemistry and rock mineralogy delineated the water-rock interactions that took place in the Aux Vases and Cypress sandstones. Dissolution of K-feldspar released K into the solution, leading to the formation of authigenic illite and mixed-layered illite/smectite. Some Mg was removed from the solution by the formation of authigenic chlorite and dolomite. Dolomitization, calcite recrystallization, and contribution from clay minerals raised Sr levels significantly in the formation waters. The trend of increasing TDS of the saline formation waters with depth can be explained with density stratification. But, it is difficult to explain the combination of the increasing TDS and increasing Ca/Na ratio with depth without invoking the controversial 'ion filtration' mechanism. 相似文献
13.
To accurately evaluate ecological risks trigged by groundwater exploitation, it must be clarified the relationship between vegetation and groundwater. Based on remote sensing data sets MOD13Q1, groundwater table depth (WTD) and total dissolved solids (TDS), the relationship between groundwater and natural vegetation was analyzed statistically in the main plain areas of Qaidam Basin. The results indicate that natural vegetation is groundwater-dependent in areas where WTD is less than 5.5 m and TDS is less than 7.5 g/L. Aquatic vegetation, hygrophytic vegetation and hygrophytic saline-alkali tolerant vegetation are mainly distributed in areas with WTD <1.1 m. Salt-tolerant and mesophytic vegetation mainly occur in areas with WTD of 1.4-3.5 m, while the xerophytic vegetation isprimarily present in areas where WTD ranges from 1.4 m to 5.5 m. Natural vegetation does not necessarily depend on groundwater in areas with WTD >5.5 m. For natural vegetation, the most suitable water TDS is less than 1.5 g/L, the moderately suitable TDS is 1.5-5.0 g/L, the basically suitable TDS is 5.0-7.5 g/L, and the unsuitable TDS is more than 7.5 g/L. 相似文献
14.
M. F. Tajul Baharuddin A. R. Othman S. Taib R. Hashim M. H. Zainal Abidin M. A. Radzuan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(8):2779-2797
Freshwater lenses are vital to small island communities but are susceptible to seawater intrusion due to the physical changes in the shoreline land cover. The effect of seawater intrusion and irrigation water on a coastal unconfined aquifer beneath naturally preserved mangrove and deforested mangrove-barren belt was investigated in Carey Island. Analysis of the total dissolved solids (TDS) and earth resistivity (ER) using a geochemistry-electrical integrated technique gave a TDS–ER relationship capable of predicting freshwater lens morphology affected by sea-irrigation water. The study result shows freshwater was fourfold thicker in close proximity of the mangrove forest than the mangrove barren area; the further the shoreline from the mangrove thickest section, the less vulnerable was the seawater intrusion and the more fresh the irrigation water, and hence the greater the freshwater availability potential. 相似文献
15.
The San Antonio-El Triunfo mining district, located at a mountainous region 45 km south-east of La Paz, Baja California,
has been worked since the late 1700s. Mine waste material produced during 200 years of mineral extraction area poses a risk
of local groundwater pollution and eventually, regional pollution to the Carrizal (west basin) and the Los Planes (east basin)
aquifers. There are different types of deposits in the mining area. These are dominated by epithermal veins, in which arsenopyrite
is an important component. Carrillo and Drever (1998a) concluded that, even though the amount of mine waste is relatively
small in comparison to the large scale area, significant As in groundwater derived from the mine waste piles is found locally
in the groundwater. This paper shows the results of geochemical analyses of groundwater samples from the San Antonio-El Triunfo
area and the Carrizal and Los Planes aquifers during several years of monitoring (1993–1997). The highest values of total
dissolved solids (TDS) and As are in the mineralized area where the mining operations occurred (∼1500 ppm TDS and 0.41 ppm
As). The lowest concentrations of TDS and As are, in general, away from the mineralized area (∼500 ppm TDS and 0.01 ppm As).
Sulfate and bicarbonate (alkalinity) are, in general, high near the mineralized area and low away from it. The arsenic concentrations
vary seasonally, especially after the heavy summer thunderstorms. Geochemical modeling (MINTEQA2 and NETPATH) and analysis
of the regional geochemical evolution of the groundwater from the mining area towards the aquifer of Los Planes shows that
the most likely hydrochemical processes include: dilution, precipitation of calcite, and adsorption of As onto surfaces of
iron oxyhydroxides (ferrihydrite). These processes act as natural controls to the extent and amount of As pollution in the
Carrizal and Los Planes aquifers.
Received: 4 May 1999 · Accepted: 22 February 2000 相似文献
16.
《Applied Geochemistry》2004,19(5):645-664
Sediment and water samples from 12 saline pans on the semi-arid west coast of South Africa were analysed to determine the origin of salts and geochemical evolution of water in the pans. Pans in the area can be subdivided into large, gypsiferous coastal pans with 79–150 g/kg total dissolved salt (TDS), small inland brackish to saline (2–64 g/kg TDS) pans and small inland brine (168-531 g/kg TDS) pans that have a layer of black sulphidic mud below a halite crust. The salinity of coastal pan waters varies with the seasonal influx of dilute runoff and dissolution of relict Pleistocene marine evaporite deposits. In contrast, inland pans are local topographic depressions, bordered on the north by downslope lunette dunes, where solutes are concentrated by evaporation of runoff, throughflow and groundwater seepage. The composition of runoff and seepage inflow waters is determined by modification of coastal rainfall by weathering, calcite precipitation and ion exchange reactions in the predominantly granitic catchment soils. Evaporation of pan waters leads to precipitation of calcite, Mg–calcite, dolomite, gypsum and halite in a distinct stratigraphic succession in pan sediments. Bicarbonate limits carbonate precipitation, Ca limits gypsum precipitation and Na limits halite precipitation. Dolomitisation of calcite is enhanced by the high Mg/Ca ratio of brine pan waters. Brine pan waters evolve seasonally from Na–Cl dominated brines in the wet winter months to Mg–Cl dominated brines in the dry summer months, when 5–20 cm thick halite crusts cover pan surfaces. Pan formation was probably initiated during a drier climate period in the early Holocene. More recent replacement of natural vegetation by cultivated land may have accelerated salt accumulation in the pans. 相似文献
17.
M. Thangarajan 《Environmental Geology》1999,38(3):209-222
Palar River Basin, a crystalline rock region in North Arcot District (Tamil Nadu), India, possesses vast groundwater potential
along and near the river course and its lands are fertile. Serious contamination of both surface water and groundwater has
been reported in this basin as a result of uncontrolled discharge of untreated effluents by the tanning industries for the
last three decades. The health of the rural farming community and people working in the tanning industries has been seriously
affected and they are suffering from occupational diseases such as asthma, chromium ulcers and skin diseases. About an 11000
hectares area of fertile land has lost its fertility. Total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration in groundwater at some pockets
varies from 3000 to 10000 mg/l. As the discharge of effluents is continuing, a prognosis of further pollutant migration is
carried out using a mathematical model. A numerical model of the Upper Palar River Basin was developed using the finite difference
technique coupled with method of characteristics and used to predict TDS migration for the next 20 years. Sensitivity analysis
was carried out to identify the parameters which are influencing the contaminant migration. Sensitivity analysis shows that
advection and not dispersion is the predominant mode of solute migration in Palar Basin. Prognosis using the model confirms
that the polluted area zone as well as the concentration of pollutants in the groundwater will continue to increase in future.
The study also indicated that even if the pollutant sources are reduced to 25% of the present level, the TDS concentration
level in the groundwater, even after 20 years, will not be reduced below 50% of its 1992 level.
Received: 20 June 1998 · Accepted: 26 October 1998 相似文献
18.
Alan L. Mayo Rachel M. Henderson David Tingey William Webber 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(3):725-747
The 1,750-km2 endorheic Honey Lake basin (California–Nevada, USA) was part of the 22,000-km2 Pleistocene Lake Lahontan pluvial lake system which existed between 5,000 and 40,000 years BP. The basin consists of two subbasins separated by a low elevation divide. Groundwater in the western subbasin has a maximum total dissolved solids (TDS) content of only ～1,300 mg/L; however eastern subbasin groundwater has a maximum TDS of ～46,000 mg/L. This TDS distribution is unexpected because 94% of surface water TDS loading is to the western subbasin. In situ reactions and upwelling thermal groundwater contributing to groundwater chemistry were modeled using NETPATH. The TDS difference between the subbasins is attributed to post-Lake Lahontan isostatic rebound about 13,000 years ago. Prior to rebound the subbasins did not exist and the low point of the basin was in the eastern area where hydraulic isolation from the larger Lake Lahontan and frequent desiccation of the basin surface water resulted in evaporite mineral deposition in accumulating sediments. After rebound, the terminal sink for most surface water shifted to the western subbasin. Although most closed basins have not been impacted by isostatic rebound, results of this investigation demonstrate how tectonic evolution can impact the distribution of soluble minerals accumulating in shallow basins. 相似文献
19.
天津市区附近奥陶系地热流体TDS变化较大, 存在东、西差异, 且在西南部形成TDS与F- 浓度高异常区, TDS最大值为418 mg/L。通过δD-δ18O及流体动力场分析, 认为奥陶系流体均为大气降水, 来自北部燕山地区, 并向西向南排泄。高TDS异常区与蓟县系雾迷山组储层流体液面位势异常区重合, 且雾迷山组储层流体液面位势高于奥陶系流体液面位势23.21～26.96 m, 存在雾迷山组流体向奥陶系顶托补给的动力条件。李七庄断裂通过本异常区, 是雾迷山组热流体向奥陶系补给通道; 奥陶系地层中存在有1%的硫铁矿, 该类矿物在氧化分解作用下, 使SO42- 离子提高, 从而在西区形成 TDS与F- 浓度异常。 相似文献
20.
D. B. Panaskar V. M. Wagh A. A. Muley S. V. Mukate R. S. Pawar M. L. Aamalawar 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(13):615
Hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater and its suitability for domestic, irrigation, and industrial purposes were evaluated in Nanded Tehsil. A total of 50 representative groundwater samples were collected from dug/bore wells during post monsoon season 2012 and analyzed for major cations and anions. The order of dominance of cation and anions were Na > Ca > Mg > K and HCO3 > Cl > CO3 > SO4 > NO3, respectively. The rock weathering and evaporation processes are dominant in controlling the groundwater quality in the study area. Electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solid (TDS) show high positive correlation with total Hardness (TH), Ca, Na, and Cl. As per the WHO and BIS standards for domestic water purposes, TDS, TH, Ca, Mg, Na, and Cl exceed the safe limits in 16, 22, 6, 18, 12, and 15 %, respectively; therefore, majority of samples show that the groundwater is suitable for drinking. The spatial distribution maps of physicochemical parameters were prepared in ArcGIS. The suitability of groundwater for agriculture purpose was evaluated from EC, TDS, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and %Na which ranges from excellent to unsuitable, so majority of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation. The U.S. Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram shows that most of the groundwater samples are characterized as in high salinity-low sodium hazard type water (C3-S1). All the groundwater samples are suitable for industrial use except sample numbers 44 and 48. Thus, most of the groundwater samples from this study confirm the beneficial use of aquifers in the area for domestic, agricultural, and irrigation purposes. However, sample numbers 44 and 48 identify the two aquifers in the study area which are problematic and need particular remedial measures if they are to have beneficial use. 相似文献