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1.
本文对辉铜矿、黄铜矿和斑铜矿在ＮａＣｌ溶液中的溶解动力学进行了实验研究，在２５－７０℃，溶解反应活化能分别为辉铜矿３６．４６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，黄铜矿４４．０５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，斑铜矿５１．９６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。最近探讨了动力学实验结果在砂岩铜矿成矿作用中的意义。 相似文献
2.
安徽月山矿成矿流体中铜,金的迁移形式和沉淀的物理化学条件 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
文章基于矿床地质特征和地球化学热力学理论,计算和讨论了安微月山矽卡岩－热液型铜,金矿田成矿流体中成矿物质的迁移形式和沉淀的物理化学条件,两类矿床的主要成矿阶段,成矿流体中铜主要以氯络合物ＣｕＣｌ、ＣｕＣｌ２＾－、ＣｕＣｌ＾２－３,ＣｕＣｌＯＨ,金主要以硫的络合物Ａｕ２（ＨＳ）２Ｓ＾２－,Ａｕ（ＨＳ）２＾－,ＡｕＨＳ、ＡｕＨ３ＳｉＯ４等形式进行迁移,成矿流体中铜沉淀的主要物化条件是降温及氯离子浓度的 相似文献
3.
因民铜矿床是云南省东川铜矿田中一个重要的矿床,发育有两种矿化类型,分别为赋存于因民组中的稀矿山式铜铁矿体以及赋存于落雪组地层中的东川式铜矿体。文中采用主、微量元素地球化学方法并结合相关热力学计算,探讨含矿岩系因民组及落雪组的岩石特征、沉积环境、构造背景及其铁、铜迁移机制和富集机理。结果表明,因民组及落雪组中以白云岩、硅质白云岩为主,并含少量白云质砂岩,综合100(Fe_2O_3/SiO_2)-100(Al_2O_3/SiO_2)、Fe_2O_3/TiO_2-Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)、La-Th-Sc及Th-Co-Zr/10关系图解,指示因民组及落雪组具有大陆边缘区的沉积特点。V/Cr、V/(V+Ni)及Ce/La氧化-还原环境判别图显示,因民组及落雪组整体形成于贫氧过渡状态下的深水-半深水沉积环境。热力学计算表明,在流体迁移过程中,铁、铜主要以氯的络合物形式进行迁移,当成矿流体运移到表层与含硫碱性较还原性水体发生混合时,导致成矿体系温度、Eh和f(S_2)降低,pH值升高,铜、铁络合物发生失稳,先后生成磁铁矿、赤铁矿等氧化物以及黄铁矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿、辉铜矿等硫化物,在因民组及落雪组中分别形成稀矿山式铜铁矿体和东川式铜矿体。 相似文献
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天鹿铜矿床是古生代海相砂页岩型铜矿.其铜矿石主要为粉砂岩型,包括斑铜矿矿石、辉铜矿矿石、辉铜矿斑铜矿矿石、黄铜矿斑铜矿矿石、黄铜矿矿石、黄铁矿黄铜矿矿石等6种自然类型.矿石结构主要为结晶结构和交代结构,矿石构造以浸染状为主.主矿层中的矿化沿岩层垂向具有明显的分带性,从底部到顶板为:斑铜矿→辉铜矿→黄铜矿→黄铁矿,具有典型的化学沉积成因铜的硫化物排列组合特征.这些特点与中国及国外海相砂页岩型铜矿相一致. 相似文献
6.
黝铜矿的溶解实验研究极为罕见。本文对取自我国云南金满脉状铜矿床中的天然黝铜矿在不同物化条件下的溶解特征进行了研究，初步探讨了Cu、Fe、Zn、As、Sb在中低温热液体系中的地球化学行为及黝铜矿的沉淀机理。结果表明：在酸性条件下，上述组分主要以氯络合物形式迁移，而在碱性条件下，则主要以碳酸的络合物形式迁移；温度的下降以及pH的降低或升高是导致本区黝铜矿大量沉淀的主要因素。 相似文献
7.
云南砂岩铜矿主要集中分布于滇中、滇西地区的中生代红层中,储量居国内同类矿床之首。金都铜矿地处滇西地区宁蒗县与攀西地区盐源县交界部位,矿区大面积出露峨眉山玄武岩,为砂岩铜矿提供了成矿物质来源。后期的造山运动形成了低洼盆地(向斜)等有利地势。表生作用下,含铜物质挟带泥沙被搬运至内陆盆地汇聚,形成铜矿床或含矿层位。形成隔绝氧气和阻断水力联系的泥质盖层后,含铜溶液在孔隙度大且水力联系好的砂岩中持续迁移,铜离子叠加富集,形成砂岩型工业铜矿体。本文在野外勘查成果的基础上,对金都铜矿地质特征及矿床成因进行了总结和分析,为该区铜矿勘查提供了地质依据。 相似文献
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会理县鹿厂－大铜厂银铜矿矿石学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
会理鹿厂－大钢厂银铜矿的矿石矿物主要由辉铜矿、蓝辉铜矿、斑铜矿、硫铜银矿、硒铜银矿及硫硒铜银矿组成，且与胶结物方解石密切共生；矿石主要是结晶粒状与交代溶蚀结构，浸染状构造。该矿床为典型的沉积成岩成因砂岩砾岩型银铜矿。 相似文献
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云南兰坪金满中生代沉积岩中的铜矿成矿作用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
兰坪－思茅中新生代盆地沉积岩中产出一系列热液型铜矿床（矿点），以石英、铁白云石与含铜硫化物（包括黄铜矿、斑铜矿、黝铜矿和辉铜矿）为主，呈脉状产于砂岩、页岩中，而单独的黝铜矿、方解石和重晶石脉则产于底部碳酸盐岩中．红色碎屑岩中的浅色还原层内的细脉和裂隙中也具有铜矿化。矿石构造以角砾状、脉状最为发育，矿脉多位于褶皱与走向断裂破碎带的叠加部位。金满铜矿的Ｓｒ、Ｓ、Ｐｈ同位素证据、稀土元素地球化学及液体包裹体资料表明，成矿元素主要来自沉积岩层，合矿卤水属于盆地卤水，流来自于硫酸盐的还原作用及沉积硫化物的淋滤溶解作用。含矿流体是Ｈ。Ｏ－ＮａＣＩ～ＣＯ。体系卤水，成矿温度为１５０～３００Ｃ，流体盐度为５％～２０％ＮａＣＩ。据含ＣＯ２包裹体的测温资料估算成矿压力大于６Ｘ１０＇Ｐａ，相当于３ｋｍ深的静岩压力。根据铜矿床成因研究，笔者提出了含矿热卤水储备与突发成矿作用的成矿模式。成矿前，矿化卤水象石油天然气一样，首先集中到一定的构造部位，在构造活动期突然爆炸成矿。成矿期由３个阶段组成，即爆炸充填、渗透充填与改造阶段，热液活动主要在前两个阶段。 相似文献
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麻阳铜矿床(又称九曲湾铜矿床)位于湖南省沅麻盆地中段南部,其南部靠近雪峰山,开采历史悠久,是一类十分罕见的产于砂岩中的自然铜矿床。含矿岩系主要为上白垩统锦江组,矿体呈层状或似层状产出,少数为短距离内尖灭的透镜体,严格受灰白-灰绿色砂岩控制;矿化主要以胶结物产出,自然铜占总资源量的90%左右。测试了麻阳铜矿不同工作面的红色粉砂岩、自然铜砂岩(矿石)、辉铜矿砂岩(矿石)及自然铜、辉铜矿的常量元素和微量元素含量,应用Spearman秩相关分析对数据进行统计分析。结合矿物组合特点认为,与Cu有较强正相关的Fe、Ag、As、Ba、Sr等元素对矿化形成条件有指示意义。铜矿化的形成与成岩期热液活动有着密切联系,流体可能来源于低温、弱还原的地下水。 相似文献
11.
Ryan Mathur Joaquin Ruiz Laura Liermann Susan Brantley 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(22):5233-5246
The isotopic composition of dissolved Cu and solid Cu-rich minerals [δ65Cu (‰) = (65Cu/63Cusample/65Cu/63Custd) - 1)*1000] were monitored in batch oxidative dissolution experiments with and without Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Aqueous copper in leach fluids released during abiotic oxidation of both chalcocite and chalcopyrite was isotopically heavier (δ65Cu = 5.34‰ and δ65Cu = 1.90‰, respectively, [±0.16 at 2σ]) than the initial starting material (δ65Cu = 2.60 ± 0.16‰ and δ65Cu = 0.58 ± 0.16‰, respectively). Isotopic mass balance between the starting material, aqueous copper, and secondary minerals precipitated in these experiments explains the heavier isotopic values of aqueous copper. In contrast, aqueous copper from leached chalcocite and chalcopyrite inoculated with Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was isotopically similar to the starting material. The lack of fractionation of the aqueous copper in the biotic experiments can best be explained by assuming a sink for isotopically heavy copper present in the bacteria cells with δ65Cu = 5.59 ± 0.16‰. Consistent with this inference, amorphous Cu-Fe oxide minerals are observed surrounding cell membranes of Thiobacillus grown in the presence of dissolved Cu and Fe.Extrapolating these experiments to natural supergene environments implies that release of isotopically heavy aqueous Cu from oxidative leach caps, especially under abiotic conditions, should result in precipitates in underlying enrichment blankets that are isotopically heavy. Where iron-oxidizing cells are involved, isotopically heavy oxidized Cu entrained in cellular material may become associated with leach caps, causing the released aqueous Cu to be less isotopically enriched in the heavy isotope than predicted for the abiotic system. Rayleigh fractionation trends with fractionation factors calculated from our experiments for both biotic and abiotic conditions are consistent with large numbers of individual abiotic or biotic leaching events, explaining the supergene chalcocites in the Morenci and Silver Bell porphyry copper deposits. 相似文献
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The Lufilian foreland is a triangular-shaped area located in the SE of the Democratic Republic of Congo and to the NE of the Lufilian arc, which hosts the well-known Central African Copperbelt. The Lufilian foreland recently became an interesting area with several vein-type (e.g., Dikulushi) and stratiform (e.g., Lufukwe and Mwitapile) copper occurrences. The Lufilian foreland stratiform Cu mineralization is, to date, observed in sandstone rock units belonging to the Nguba and Kundelungu Groups (Katanga Supergroup).The Mwitapile sandstone-hosted stratiform Cu prospect is located in the north eastern part of the Lufilian foreland. The host rock for the Cu mineralization is the Sonta Sandstone of the Ngule Subgroup (Kundelungu Group). A combined remote sensing, petrographic and fluid inclusion microthermometric analysis was performed at Mwitapile and compared with similar analysis previously carried out at Lufukwe to present a metallogenic model for the Mwitapile- and Lufukwe-type stratiform copper deposits. Interpretation of ETM+ satellite images for the Mwitapile prospect and the surrounding areas indicate the absence of NE–SW or ENE–WSW faults, similar to those observed controlling the mineralization at Lufukwe. Faults with these orientations are, however, present to the NW, W, SW and E of the Mwitapile prospect. At Mwitapile, the Sonta Sandstone host rock is intensely compacted, arkosic to calcareous with high silica cementation (first generation of authigenic quartz overgrowths). In the Sonta Sandstone, feldspar and calcite are present in disseminated, banded and nodular forms. Intense dissolution of these minerals caused the presence of disseminated rectangular, pipe-like and nodular dissolution cavities. Sulfide mineralization is mainly concentrated in these cavities. The hypogene sulfide minerals consist of two generations of pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite and chalcocite, separated by a second generation of authigenic quartz overgrowth. The hypogene sulfide minerals are replaced by supergene digenite and covellite. Fluid inclusion microthermometry on the first authigenic quartz phase indicates silica precipitation from an H2O–NaCl–CaCl2 fluid with a minimum temperature between 111 and 182 °C and a salinity between 22.0 and 25.5 wt.% CaCl2 equiv. Microthermometry on the second authigenic quartz overgrowths and in secondary trails related to the mineralization indicate that the mineralizing fluid is characterized by variable temperatures (Th = 120 to 280 °C) and salinities (2.4 to 19.8 wt.% NaCl equiv.) and by a general trend of increasing temperatures with increasing salinities.Comparison between Mwitapile and Lufukwe indicates that the stratiform Cu mineralization in the two deposits is controlled by similar sedimentary, diagenetic and structural factors and likely formed from a similar mineralizing fluid. A post-orogenic timing is proposed for the mineralization in both deposits. The main mineralization controlling factors are grain size, clay and pyrobitumen content, the amount and degree of feldspar and/or calcite dissolution and the presence of NE–SW to ENE–WSW faults. The data support a post-orogenic fluid-mixing model for the Mwitapile- and Lufukwe-type sandstone-hosted stratiform Cu deposits, in which the mineralization is related to the mixing between a Cu-rich hydrothermal fluid, with a temperature up to 280 °C and a maximum salinity of 19.8 wt.% NaCl equiv., with a colder low salinity reducing fluid present in the sandstone host rock. The mineralizing fluid likely migrated upwards to the sandstone source rocks along NE–SW to ENE–WSW orientated faults. At Lufukwe, the highest copper grades at surface outcrops and boreholes were found along and near to these faults. At Mwitapile, where such faults are 2 to 3 km away, the Cu grades are much lower than at Lufukwe. Copper precipitation was possibly promoted by reduction from pre-existing hydrocarbons and non-copper sulfides and by the decrease in fluid salinity and temperature during mixing. Based on this research, new Cu prospects were proposed at Lufukwe and Mwitapile and a set of recommendations for further Cu exploration in the Lufilian foreland is presented. 相似文献
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云南维西大宝山铜矿区位于青藏高原东南缘,哀牢山-金沙江构造带西北部雪龙山成矿带中,是典型的中低温热液矿床。矿区主要包括望香台及滑石板矿段,根据矿床、矿体特征及详尽的镜下观察,将矿石类型划分为氧化矿、硫化矿及混合矿。氧化矿主要包括孔雀石及蓝铜矿,多分布在望香台矿段中浅部,是辉铜矿次生氧化富集作用的结果,出露形式多以混合矿产出;硫化矿主要包括辉铜矿及黄铜矿,且独立组成不同的矿物组合类型,分别为望香台矿段、滑石板矿段的主要矿石矿物。不同的矿石组合类型所含矿物种类、矿石结构构造不尽相同。通过对不同样品进行化学分析测试,发现在硫化矿辉铜矿等矿物组合中,Cu品位越高,相应Ag品位越高,存在一定的线性关系;而在硫化矿黄铜矿矿体中,Ag含量与Cu品位无相应关系;混合矿(辉铜矿、孔雀石及蓝铜矿)中此类关系更加显著。此外,辉铜矿、孔雀石、蓝铜矿单矿物矿石及混合矿矿石中含有硫砷铜银矿、深红银矿、雌黄及雄黄等伴生矿物,而黄铜矿中矿物种类较为单一。综合矿区地质特征、矿体分布特征、矿物组合类型认为,矿区中辉铜矿、孔雀石、蓝铜矿等组合类型为含银矿物的主要载体。 相似文献
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Andrew H. G. Mitchell Win Myint Kyi Lynn Myint Thein Htay Maw Oo Thein Zaw 《Resource Geology》2011,61(1):1-29
The 50 km2 Monywa copper district lies near the Chindwin River within the northward continuation of the Sunda‐Andaman magmatic arc through western Myanmar. There are four deposits; Sabetaung, Sabetaung South, Kyisintaung, and the much larger Letpadaung 7 km to the southeast. Following exploration drilling which began in 1959, production of copper concentrates from a small open pit started at Sabetaung in 1983. Since 1997, when resources totaled 7 million tonnes contained copper in 2 billion tonnes ore, a heap leach–electro‐winning operation has produced over 400,000 t copper cathode from Sabetaung and Sabetaung South. Ore is hosted by mid‐Miocene andesite or dacite porphyry intrusions, and by early mid‐Miocene sandstone and overlying volcaniclastics including eruptive diatreme facies which the porphyries intrude. District‐wide rhyolite dykes and domes with marginal breccias probably post‐date andesite porphyries in the mine area and lack ore‐grade copper. Host rocks to mineralization are altered to phyllic and advanced argillic hydrothermal assemblages within an outer chlorite zone; hypogene alunite is most abundant at Letpadaung and Kyisintaung. Most mineralization is structurally‐controlled with digenite‐chalcocite in breccia dykes, in steeply dipping NE‐trending sheeted veins, and in stockwork and low‐angle sulfide veins. A high‐grade pipe at Sabetaung grades up to 30% Cu, and much of the ore at Sabetaung South is in a NE‐trending zone of mega‐breccia and stockworked sandstone. The hydrothermal alteration, together with replacement quartz, alunite and barite in breccia dykes and veins, the virtual absence of vein quartz, and the presence of chalcopyrite and bornite only as rare veins and as inclusions within the abundant pyrite, indicate that the deposits are high sulfidation. Regional uplift, resistance to erosion and leaching of the altered and mineralized rocks have resulted in porous limonite‐stained leached caps over 200 m thick forming the Letpadaung and Kyisintaung hills. The barren caps pass abruptly downwards at the water table into the highest grade ore at the top of the supergene enrichment zone, within which copper grade, supergene kaolinite and cubic alunite decrease, and pyrite increases with depth; in contrast, marcasite is mostly shallow. Much of the copper to depths exceeding 200 m below the water table occurs as supergene digenite‐chalcocite and minor covellite. Disseminated chalcocite is mostly near‐surface and hence almost certainly supergene. We infer that during prolonged uplift at all four deposits, oxidation of residual pyrite at the water table generated enough acid to leach all the copper from earlier supergene‐enriched ore; below the water table the resulting acid sulfate solutions partly replaced enargite, covellite, chalcopyrite, bornite and pyrite with supergene chalcocite. Undeformed upward‐fining cross‐bedded conglomerates and sands of the ancestral Chindwin River floodplain overlie the margins of the Sabetaung deposits, form a major aquifer up to 40 m thick, and are a potential host for exotic copper mineralization. A mid‐Miocene pluton is inferred to underlie the Monywa deposits, but the possibility of porphyry‐type mineralization within the district is at best highly speculative. 相似文献
15.
新疆阿克陶县塔木—卡兰古铅锌矿带矿体地质特征 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
新疆塔木－卡兰古铅锌矿带矿床属于台缘碳酸盐岩容矿的超低温度热液成因。矿麻赋存于中泥盆统一下石炭统３个控矿的由碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩组成的古含水层中,角砾岩、矿体均具有复杂的产状,影响矿体产出了主要因素包括碎屑岩－碳酸盐岩界面、构造、低温热液交代作用以及容矿围岩的岩性,铅锌、铜、铁矿均是统一的成矿系统的一部分,锌（铅）矿围岩以碳酸盐岩为主,铜矿围岩为紫工色碎屑岩,铅矿围岩为灰白色碎屑岩,各主要矿空部及外围均存在较好的找矿前景。 相似文献
16.
通过对3000余米岩芯的观察研究。发现西范坪斑岩铜矿床存在完整的氧化带，氧化剖面由上向下可以分为氧化带，次生富集带和原生带。原生矿石的裂隙越发育，原生矿化强度越大，则其次生富集作用越发育。应用质量平均方法计算了氧化过程中铜的迁移规律，提出在次生富集作用中铜队了发生垂向（由上向下）迁移外，也存在侧向迁移（带入或带出）。在矿床中部，由于铜的垂向富集和侧向带入而形成富矿石和厚大矿体，因此次生富集对西范斑岩铜矿床富矿体的形成起到了重要的作用。 相似文献
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18.
铂族元素矿物共生组合(英文) 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
由于铂族元素能有效地降低汽车尾气的污染 ,其需求量日益增加 ,对铂族元素矿床的寻找已是当务之急。着重从矿物矿床学角度对铂族元素的矿物共生特点进行了探讨。铂族元素可呈独立矿床产出 ,主要产于基性超基性层状侵入体、蛇绿岩套及阿拉斯加式侵入体中。铂族元素也伴生于铜镍矿床中 ,该类铜镍矿床主要与苏长岩侵入体、溢流玄武岩及科马提岩有关。产于基性超基性层状侵入体中的铂族矿物有铂钯硫化物、铂铁合金、钌硫化物、铑硫化物、铂钯碲化物、钯砷化物及钯的合金。这些铂族矿物可与硫化物矿物共生 ,也可与硅酸盐矿物共生 ,还可与铬铁矿及其他氧化物矿物共生。产于蛇绿岩套中的铂族矿物主要是钌铱锇的矿物 ,而铂钯铑的矿物则较少出现 ,这些铂族矿物可呈合金、硫化物、硫砷化物以及砷化物 4种形式出现。产于阿拉斯加式侵入体中的铂族矿物主要有铂铁合金、锑铂矿、硫铂矿、砷铂矿、硫锇矿及马兰矿等少数几种 ,其中铂铁合金与铬铁矿及与其同时结晶的高温硅酸盐矿物共生 ,而其他的铂族矿物则与后来的变质作用及蛇纹岩化作用中形成的多金属硫化物及砷化物共生。产于铜镍矿床中的铂族矿物主要是铂和钯的矿物。产于基性超基性层状侵入体、蛇绿岩套及阿拉斯加式侵入体中的铂族矿物的共同特点是它们均与铬铁矿? 相似文献