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1.
兰坪盆地西缘发育一系列脉状铜矿床,科登涧铜矿床是其组成之一。该矿床矿体主要产出于上三叠统崔依比组(T3c)中基性火山岩内部的断层破碎带中。热液期成矿作用可大致划分为2个成矿阶段:主成矿阶段主要发育大量含铜硫化物石英脉,晚成矿阶段主要发育贫硫化物方解石脉。流体包裹体结果表明,主成矿期石英和成矿后期石英/方解石中均主要发育两相水溶液包裹体,含CO2包裹体极少出现。主成矿期石英脉中包裹体均一温度变化幅度较小,集中在180~240℃,盐度(Na Cleq,质量分数)集中在8%~14%。成矿流体主要表现出盆地热卤水的特征,这与兰坪盆地内其它Pb、Zn、Cu等贱金属矿床的成矿流体特征较为一致。成矿流体的δ18O值为3.5‰~5.5‰,δD值为-62‰~-38‰,介于岩浆水/变质水和大气降水之间。热液硫化物黄铜矿、黄铁矿、斑铜矿的δ34S值显示较低的负值(-20.8‰~-9.4‰),明显有别于赋矿围岩(安山岩)的δ34S值(11.1‰~11.6‰),推测该矿床成矿所需还原硫主要来自于地层硫酸盐。综合分析认为,该矿床成矿物质主要来源于地层,成矿流体主要为源于大气降水或建造水的盆地热卤水。 相似文献
2.
陕南勉宁略地区铜厂铜矿包裹体地球化学特征研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文研究陕南勉宁略地区铜厂铜矿三个成矿阶段的包裹体地球化学特征，包括包裹体均－温度，压力，成分，盐度，流体的Ｈ、Ｏ和Ｃ同位素等及含矿热液的物理化学参计算，探讨了成矿过程中各成矿阶段流体的性质及其来源。 相似文献
3.
凤凰山铜（金）矿床产于燕山晚期花岗闪长岩及石英二长闪长斑岩与三叠系碳酸盐岩的接触带，先后包括矽卡岩型和斑岩型两期矿化，并可细分为9个成矿阶段。矿石中广泛出现角砾状和细脉状、网脉状构造。流体包裹体特征及显微冷热台测温资料表明，成矿流体存在过沸腾和局部超高压等现象。两个成矿期都经历了从高温高盐度向低温低盐度的转变，成矿溶液的主要成分也由钾钠型变成了钠钙型。来源于岩浆热液的早期含矿流体与来自围岩的地下水热液的混合可以解释成矿流体的这种演化。 相似文献
4.
川东南脉状萤石－重晶石矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
川东南脉状萤石──重晶石矿床主要产于下奥陶统碳酸盐岩中，其成矿与岩浆活动无明显联系．成矿温度较低，成矿流体富含ＮａＣｌ和Ｈ＿２Ｏ，ＣＯ＿２和ＣＨ＿４的含量较低，Ｎ＿２，Ｏ＿２及Ｈ＿２的含量甚微。成矿介质水主要来源于地层水（如封存的海水、盆地压实脱水等）及大气降水，成矿温度、δ￣Ｄ值、盐度、Ｎａ￣＋／Ｋ￣＋比值以及矿石中有机包裹体的在在均表明本区萤石和重晶石的成矿流体类似于密西西比河谷型矿床的成矿热卤水，其形成与介质水溶滤本区寒武系蒸发岩有关。 相似文献
5.
雪鸡坪铜矿床产于印支晚期石英二长闪长玢岩-石英闪长玢岩-石英二长斑岩复式侵入体内,为一斑岩型铜矿床。矿床形成经历了多阶段热液成矿作用,主要有微细脉浸染状黄铁矿±黄铜矿-石英、细脉状辉钼矿±黄铁矿±黄铜矿-石英及微细脉状贫硫化物-石英-方解石等。流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼及碳、氢、氧同位素综合研究表明,微细脉浸染状黄铁矿±黄铜矿-石英阶段石英中主要发育含Na Cl子矿物三相及气液两相包裹体,与含矿的石英二长斑岩石英中发育的流体包裹体特征相似,表明成矿流体主要为中高温、高盐度Na Cl-H2O体系热液,可能主要来源于印支期石英二长斑岩侵入体;辉钼矿±黄铁矿±黄铜矿-石英中主要发育含CO2三相及气液两相包裹体,成矿流体为中温、低盐度Na Cl-CO2-H2O体系热液,与前者来源明显不同;贫硫化物-石英-方解石石英中主要发育气液两相包裹体,成矿流体为中低温、低盐度Na Cl-H2O体系热液,推测其可能较多来自于大气降水。因此,雪鸡坪铜矿床为不同来源、不同地球化学性质热液叠加成矿作用的结果。 相似文献
6.
江西德兴朱砂红斑岩铜矿流体包裹体研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
内容提要：朱砂红斑岩铜矿位于德兴斑岩铜矿矿集区的西北方向,紧邻铜厂铜矿。本文在前人有关德兴铜矿研究基础上,以铜矿流体包裹体为研究内容,通过野外详细的岩芯采样,室内石英斑晶、石英脉和方解石脉中包裹体测试及数据整理分析后初步发现：朱砂红斑岩铜矿流体包裹体大致可以分成五大类型（富液型包裹体、富气型包裹体、含CO2气液两相型包裹体、含子矿物多相型和固液两相型）;相比铜厂整体成矿温度略低,盐度略高;由成矿流体压力47.27~184.47MPa,推导出成矿深度达2~4km,以及激光拉曼测试结果—流体中含有CO2、H2S和CH4等挥发分气体,它们可能与Au等元素的运移成矿有关。因此,从包裹体性质推测朱砂红铜矿不只是斑岩铜矿,可能是浅成热液斑岩型铜金矿床。此外,朱砂红矿区成矿流体来源至少有两种：高温岩浆流体和大气降水。伴随流体演化期次大致可以划分出三个成矿阶段：硅酸盐硫化物阶段、石英-硫化物阶段（即主成矿阶段,温度：200~340℃,盐度：2.0~15wt.%NaCl）、碳酸盐-硫酸盐硫化物阶段。同时,均一温度、盐度及压力等暗示在流体演化和成矿过程中岩浆流体发生过沸腾或不混溶作用。 相似文献
7.
江西德兴朱砂红斑岩铜矿流体包裹体特征及其成矿意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
朱砂红斑岩铜矿位于德兴斑岩铜矿矿集区的西北方向,紧邻铜厂铜矿.本文在前人有关德兴铜矿研究基础上,以铜矿流体包裹体为研究内容,通过野外详细的岩芯采样,室内石英斑晶、石英脉和方解石脉中包裹体测试及数据整理分析后初步发现:朱砂红斑岩铜矿流体包裹体大致可以分成五大类型(富液型包裹体、富气型包裹体、含CO2气液两相型包裹体、含子矿物多相型和固液两相型);相比铜厂整体成矿温度略低,盐度略高;由成矿流体压力47.27～184.47 MPa,推导出成矿深度达2～4 km,以及激光拉曼测试结果——流体中含有CO2、H2S和CH4等挥成份气体,它们可能与Au等元素的运移成矿有关.因此,从包裹体性质推测朱砂红铜矿不只是斑岩铜矿,可能是浅成热液斑岩型铜金矿床.此外,朱砂红矿区成矿流体来源至少有两种:高温岩浆流体和大气降水.伴随流体演化期次大致可以划分出3个成矿阶段:硅酸盐硫化物阶段、石英-硫化物阶段(即主成矿阶段,温度:200～340℃,盐度:2.0％～15％NaCl)、碳酸盐-硫酸盐硫化物阶段.同时,均一温度、盐度及压力等暗示在流体演化和成矿过程中岩浆流体发生过沸腾或不混溶作用. 相似文献
8.
吉龙铜矿位于青藏高原东、北缘三江造山带中段青海玉树地区,其矿化特征和三江南段兰坪盆地内沉积岩容矿脉状铜矿特征相似,对该矿床矿化特征和矿床成因的详细研究有助于理解区域沉积岩容矿脉状铜矿成矿规律,对区域找矿具有重要意义。详细的野外地质考察及室内显微镜下观察发现,吉龙矿床铜矿化以石英-碳酸盐-硫化物脉的形式发育在石炭系杂多群上段灰岩与碎屑岩的岩性分界面上,矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿+斑铜矿+黝铜矿+辉铜矿,脉石矿物以石英+方解石为主。方解石Sm-Nd同位素等时线年代学研究表明,吉龙铜矿形成于34Ma,在大地构造背景下和区域逆冲推覆构造活动间歇期的走滑断裂活动以及相伴随的钾质岩浆活动同期。主成矿阶段成矿流体仅发育富液相LÜ流体包裹体,流体表现出中温度(230~250℃)、低盐度(3%~6% NaCleqv)性质;δDV-SMOW值分馏较大(-154‰~-80‰),δ18OV-SMOW值分馏较小(7.72‰~10.30‰),反映了开放体系发生去气作用后的残余岩浆热液来源。硫化物沉淀阶段成矿热液S同位素组成一致(3.4‰~11.6‰),较岩浆来源硫分馏大,推测成矿还原硫主要来自赋矿灰岩地层封存硫酸盐的有机质热还原作用;铅同位素组成(206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.668~18.707、15.657~15.792和38.645~38.873)同区域新生代钾质岩浆岩一致,推测成矿金属物质可能来自区域钾质岩浆作用。吉龙铜矿成矿模式可简要归纳为:走滑断裂→钾质岩浆活动,岩浆去气→富金属热液形成,热液运移→与富硫酸盐地层相遇,硫酸盐有机质热还原→还原硫产生,还原硫与金属物质结合→硫化物沉淀。综合对比吉龙铜矿与三江南段兰坪盆地内沉积岩容矿脉状铜矿发现,二者在成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、成矿流体性质及来源、成矿物质来源上都具有极大相似性,推测吉龙铜矿为三江南段沉积岩容矿脉状铜矿在区域上向中北段的延伸,三江带上有望发现一条上千千米的沉积岩容矿脉状铜矿带。 相似文献
9.
滇西北兰坪盆地西缘发育大量沉积岩容矿脉状铜多金属矿床,矿体的分布受逆冲推覆系统控制,金满是其中储量最大、品位最高的铜矿床。成矿过程可分为3个阶段:成矿前(不含矿化石英-铁白云石脉)、主成矿阶段(含铜硫化物石英脉)、晚成矿阶段(少硫化物方解石+石英脉)。流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温结果表明:成矿前和主成矿期石英中流体包裹体特征变化不大,成矿前和主成矿期石英中均存在3种类型的包裹体,以水溶液包裹体为主,含CO_2水溶液包裹体次之,富CO_2包裹体较少出现。含CO_2水溶液包裹体测温结果也差别不大,均一温度都集中在240320℃,盐度(w(NaCl))集中在1%4%。水溶液包裹体均一温度变化也不大,集中在160 230℃,明显低于含CO_2水溶液包裹体;盐度却存在较大的变化,主成矿期盐度变化范围明显较大,且峰值高于成矿前。晚成矿阶段则仅出现水溶液包裹体,均一温度和盐度都明显降低,均一温度集中在120185℃,盐度集中在1.4%9.3%。结合其他证据,笔者认为金满铜矿床包含两种不同性质的流体:深源流体,以中高温、中低盐度、富含CO_2为特征;盆地卤水,以中低温、中高盐度、贫CO_2为特征。成矿过程中未发生明显的沸腾和相分离作用,深源流体和盆地卤水的混合可能是导致Cu等成矿元素沉淀的重要机制。 相似文献
10.
桂花冲铜矿床是铜陵矿集区沙滩脚矿田内新发现的一个以斑岩型矿化为主的矽卡岩-斑岩复合型铜矿床。文章对该矿床的矿床地质和斑岩型矿化成矿流体进行了初步研究,旨在查明该矿床成矿流体的演化过程。根据脉体的穿切关系及矿物共生组合,桂花冲铜矿斑岩型矿化成矿过程可划分为钾化、硅化、石英黄铁矿、石英多金属硫化物和碳酸盐5个阶段。硅化阶段主要发育纯气体、含子矿物及富气相包裹体,石英黄铁矿阶段主要发育纯气体、富液相、富气相及含子矿物包裹体,石英多金属硫化物阶段及碳酸盐阶段主要发育富液相包裹体。从硅化阶段至碳酸盐阶段,成矿流体由高温(472.9℃)、高盐度(47.7%~74.0%)的岩浆热液逐渐向中低温(140.2~280.3℃)、低盐度(1.6%~7.7%)的岩浆热液和大气降水的混合流体演化,成矿过程中流体经历了沸腾及混合作用,混合作用是导致铜沉淀的主要机制。 相似文献
11.
Recent studies on mineralogy, geochronology, fluid inclusion and stable isotope (Pb, Os, S, C, O, Sr) characteristics were reviewed to determine constraints for genetic models of the Chilean manto‐type copper deposits. The Chilean manto‐type deposits are divided into the two geologic categories of the northern areas (Arica–Iquique, Tocopilla–Taltal) and the central areas (Copiapó, La Serena, Santiago). The former is distributed in the coastal range composed of Jurassic andesite‐dominated volcano‐sedimentary piles and younger plutonic intrusions, and yields chalcocite (‐digenite) and bornite as the principal hypogene copper sulfides. The latter is hosted mostly in Lower Cretaceous volcano‐sedimentary sequences, and has chalcopyrite‐rich mineral associations. The fluid inclusion data indicate that the primary copper mineralization was commonly generated in the temperature range 150–360°C under low‐pressure conditions near the boiling curve, mediated with relatively saline brines. Generally, homogeneous Pb and S isotope compositions for primary copper minerals imply direct magma source or leaching of igneous rocks. Pb and Os isotope data published for some deposits, however, suggest that ore‐forming metals were derived mainly from the volcano‐sedimentary host rocks. The noticeably negative isotope ratios of primary sulfide sulfur and hydrothermal calcite carbon of some central area deposits indicate influx of sedimentary rock components, and the high 87Sr/86Sr initial ratios of hydrothermal calcite from the Tocopilla–Taltal area deposits imply contribution of the contemporaneous seawater or marine carbonates. These isotopic constraints imply a formation mechanism in which the Chilean manto‐type copper deposits formed epigenetically in the process of hydrothermal interaction of non‐magmatic surface‐derived brine with the volcano‐sedimentary host rocks, which is inferred to have been induced by a deep‐seated plutonic complex as the possible heat source. 相似文献
12.
东川式铜矿的成矿作用及后期叠加改造:来自硫化物原位硫同位素的制约 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
沉积岩型层状铜矿床(SSC型)的成因争论聚焦在成矿作用主要集中在沉积成岩期并可能叠加有后期成矿作用,还是形成于成岩后盆地闭合过程和造山作用有关。产于扬子板块西缘的东川式铜矿是中国SSC型矿床的典型代表,这些矿床赋存在晚古元古界东川群岩石中,主要呈层状矿体产出,但也存在少量脉状矿体。文章选择东川铜矿田内因民、汤丹和滥泥坪3个典型矿床的层状和脉状矿体中硫化物(黄铁矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿和辉铜矿)开展原位硫同位素组成的对比研究。实验结果表明,这些矿床的硫化物原位硫同位素组成分布范围较广:因民矿床层状硫化物的δ34S值分布于4.7‰~22.1‰,汤丹和滥泥坪矿床层状硫化物的δ34S值为-3.3‰~3.1‰;因民矿床脉状硫化物的δ34S值分布于21.0‰~30.7‰,汤丹和滥泥坪矿床脉状硫化物的δ34S值为-19.4‰~3.5‰。层状矿体和脉状矿体的硫化物硫同位素组成明显不同,表明形成2种产状矿体的硫来源不同。层状矿体较大的硫同位素组成差异指示了海相硫酸盐不同程度的热化学还原作用,表明初始成矿流体中的硫来源于循环盆地卤水中溶解的海相蒸发岩。脉状矿体的硫同位素组成则强烈受控于矿区的赋矿围岩,因民矿床硫化物中极高的硫同位素组成表明硫的来源为地层中的海相蒸发岩,而汤丹和滥泥坪矿床中亏损34S的特征则表明硫的来源为富含生物还原硫的碳质板岩。结合野外地质关系和前人研究成果,文章认为层状矿体和脉状矿体是2期独立成矿事件的产物,层状矿体形成于成岩作用时期,脉状矿体形成于后期独立的局部构造热成矿事件,也即SSC型矿床的成矿作用主要发生在成岩期,但普遍遭受后期热液活动的叠加,并且在不同的成矿期中可能存在着多阶段的成矿作用。 相似文献
13.
宋文霞 《沉积与特提斯地质》2002,22(3):95-99
拨茅山—牛头山铜矿床的的赋矿岩石为中生代的火成岩系。侵入岩一潜火山岩一火山岩构成完整的侵入—喷发系列。该矿床可分为火山气液—沉积铜矿床和斑岩型铜矿床两种类型。在成矿前期，陆相火山岩在湖底发生火山喷气、火山热泉以及火山热水沉积。潜火山岩的侵入，伴有长期热液循环活动，在张性断裂为主的赋矿空间生成与斑岩有关的各类型矿床。 相似文献
14.
Geological and Isotopic Constraints on the Metallogenic Evolution of the Proterozoic Sediment-Hosted Pb-Zn (Ag) Deposits of Brazil 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Aroldo Misi Sundaram S. Iyer Colombo C.G. Tassinari J. Richard Kyle Carlos E.S. Coelho Washington J.S. Franca-Rocha Adriana S.R. Gomes Ion A. Cunha Ilson G. Carvalho 《Gondwana Research》1999,2(1):47
Integrated studies of seven Proterozoic sediment-hosted, Pb-Zn-Ag sulfide deposits of Brazil, permit the estimation of the age of the hosting sequence and the mineralization, the nature of the sulfur and metal sources, the temperature range of sulfide formation and the environment of deposition. These deposits can be classified into three groups, according to their ages. (a) Archean to Paleoproterozoic: the Boquira deposit, in Bahia state, consists of stratiform massive and disseminated sulfides hosted by parametamorphic sequences of grunnerite-cummingtonite+magnetite that represent a silicate facies of the Boquira Formation (BF). Lead isotope data of galena samples indicate a time span between 2.7 and 2.5 Ga for ore formation, in agreement with the stratigraphic position of the BF. The relatively heavy sulfur isotope compositions for the disseminated and stratiform sulfides (+8.3 to +12.8 ‰ CDT)suggest a sedimentary source for the sulfur. (b) Paleo to Mesoproterozoic: stratiform and stratabound sulfides in association with growth faults are present in the Canoas mine (Ribeira, in Paraná state) and in the Caboclo mineralization (Bahia state). They are hosted by calcsilicates and amphibolites in the Canoas deposit, whereas in the Caboclo area the mineralization is associated with hydrothermally altered dolarenites at the base of the 1.2 Ga Caboclo Formation. The interpreted Pb-Pb age of the Canoas mineralization is coeval with the 1.7 Ga host rocks. Sulfur isotopic data for Canoas sulfides (+1.2 to +16 ‰ CDT) suggest a sea water source for the sulfur. The range between −21.1 and +8.8 ‰ CDT for the Caboclo sulfides could suggest the action of bacterial reduction of seawater sulfates, but this interpretation is not conclusive. (c) Neoproterozoic: stratiform and stratabound sulfide deposits formed during the complex diagenetic history of the host carbonate rocks from the Morro Agudo (Bambui Group), Irecê and Nova Redenção (Una Group), yield heavy sulfur isotope values (+18.9 to +39.4 ‰ CDT). The uniform heavy isotope composition of the barites from these deposits (+25.1 to +40.9 ‰) reflect their origin from Neoproterozoic seawater sulfates. The late-stage, and most important, metallic concentrations represent sulfur scavenged from pre-existing sulfides or from direct reduction of evaporitic sulfate minerals. Lead isotope data from the Bambui Group suggest focused fluid circulation from diverse Proterozoic sediment sources, that probably was responsible for metal transport to the site of sulfide precipitation. (d) Late Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic: lead-zinc sulfides (+pyrite and chalcopyrite) of Santa Maria deposits, in Rio Grande do Sul, form the matrix of arkosic sandstones and conglomerates, and are closely associated with regional faults forming graben structures. Intermediate volcanic rocks are intercalated with the basal siliciclastic members. Lead isotope age of the mineralization (0.59 Ga) is coeval with the host rocks. Sulfur isotopic values between −3.6 and +4.1 are compatible with a deep source for the sulfur.Geological, petrographic and isotopic data of the deposits studied suggest that they were formed during periods of extensional tectonics. Growth faults or reactivated basement structures probably were responsible for localized circulation of metal-bearing fluids within the sedimentary sequences. Sulfides were formed by the reduction of sedimentary sulfates in most cases. Linear structures are important controls for sulfide concentration in these Proterozoic basins. 相似文献
15.
V.V. Ryabov O.N. Simonov S.G. Snisar A.A. Borovikov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(8):945-961
The source of sulfur in giant Norilsk-type sulfide deposits is discussed. A review of the state of the problem and a critical analysis of existing hypotheses are made. The distribution of δ34S in sulfides of ore occurrences and small and large deposits and in normal sedimentary, metamorphogenic, and hypogene sulfates is considered. A large number of new δ34S data for sulfides and sulfates in various deposits, volcanic and terrigenous rocks, coals, graphites, and metasomatites are presented. The main attention is focused on the objects of the Norilsk and Kureika ore districts. The δ34S value varies from -14 to + 22.5‰ in sulfides of rocks and ores and from 15.3 to 33‰ in anhydrites. In sulfide-sulfate intergrowths and assemblages, δ34S is within 4.2-14.6‰ in sulfides and within 15.3-21.3‰ in anhydrites. The most isotopically heavy sulfur was found in pyrrhotite veins in basalts (δ34S = 21.6‰), in sulfate veins cutting dolomites (δ34S = 33‰), and in subsidence caldera sulfates in basalts (δ34S = 23.2-25.2‰). Sulfide ores of the Tsentral’naya Shilki intrusion have a heavy sulfur isotope composition (δ34S = + 17.7‰ (n = 15)). Thermobarogeochemical studies of anhydrites have revealed inclusions of different types with homogenization temperatures ranging from 685 °C to 80 °C. Metamorphogenic and hypogene anhydrites are associated with a carbonaceous substance, and hypogene anhydrites have inclusions of chloride-containing salt melts. We assume that sulfur in the trap sulfide deposits was introduced with sulfates of sedimentary rocks (δ34S = 22-24‰). No assimilation of sulfates by basaltic melt took place. The sedimentary anhydrites were “steamed” by hydrocarbons, which led to sulfate reduction and δ34S fractionation. As a result, isotopically light sulfur accumulated in sulfides and hydrogen sulfide, isotopically heavy sulfur was removed by aqueous calcium sulfate solution, and “residual” metamorphogenic anhydrite acquired a lighter sulfur isotope composition as compared with the sedimentary one. The wide variations in δ34S in sulfides and sulfates are due to changes in the physicochemical parameters of the ore-forming system (first of all, temperature and Pch4) during the sulfate reduction. The regional hydrocarbon resources were sufficient for large-scale ore formation. 相似文献
16.
Tianyang Hu Lei Liu Weijian Zhou Yongjun Shao Huan Li Zhongfa Liu Liang Cao Guofeng Xu Jiaxian Li 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2022,82(2):125881
The classical mechanism “source-transport-storage” of the formation of porphyry copper deposit has been advanced in recent studies, as the “source” is not the main factor for the mineralization in some Cu deposits, and the metallogeny may be affected by other variables factors during the magma-fluid transportation or storage. We recommend the essential role of trans-magmatic fluid in the ore-forming process, this fluid is released from the melting of the sedimentary overlying the subducted plate with high water and volatiles concentrations and high oxygen fugacity. The Baoshan granodioritic cryptoexplosion breccia representing the influence of hydrothermal events as well as the unaltered Baoshan granodiorite porphyry are conducted by LA-MC-ICP-MS analysis, to identify the contribution of trans-magmatic fluid. In case of the εNd(t) of whole rock do not increase with the MgO increasing and SiO2 decreasing, the large variations of zircons εHf(t) values in Baoshan granodiorite porphyry (BGP, ?14.24 to ?6.38) and Baoshan granodioritic crypto-explosion breccia (BGCB, ?25.24 to ?6.62) were considered to be the interaction of partial melting of ancient mafic lower crust and Neoproterozoic juvenile crust. However, the copper mineralization requires high oxygen fugacity and a large amount of water, according to the tectonic settings of Baoshan, we recommend that it is the trans-magmatic fluid trapping and concentrating Cu from the whole pluton during the upwelling driven by magma convection. The initial magma was stalled by the ductile-brittle transition at shallow depths of upper-crust. The trans-magmatic fluid leads to the pressure increases at the top of the initial magma, then the overlying rock is ruptured and cryptoexplosion produced. Moreover, after the cryptoexplosion, the sudden reduction of circumference temperature and pressure leads to the decrease in the oxygen fugacity of the ore-forming system, which will change the valence state of sulfur from S6+ to S2?. Finally, sulfur precipitates with chalcophile elements like copper in the metallogenic system and forms porphyry copper deposits with the low Sr/Y ratio. This study highlights the use of trans-magmatic fluid and ductile-brittle transition in the formation of the Baoshan porphyry copper deposits. 相似文献
17.
Hydrothermal mixing,carbonate dissolution and sulfide precipitation in Mississippi Valley-type deposits 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A large number of Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) deposits are located within dissolution zones in carbonate host rocks. Some genetic models propose the existence of cavities generated by an earlier event such as a shallow karstification, that were subsequently filled with hydrothermal minerals. Alternative models propose carbonate dissolution caused by the simultaneous precipitation of sulfides. These models fail to explain either the deep geological setting of the cavities, or the observational features which suggest that the dissolution of carbonates and the precipitation of minerals filling the cavities are not strictly coeval. We present a genetic model inspired by the textural characteristics of MVT deposits that accounts for both the dissolution of carbonate and precipitation of sulfides and later carbonates in variable volumes. The model is based on the mixing of two hydrothermal fluids with a different chemistry. Depending on the proportion of the end members, the mixture dissolves and precipitates carbonates even though the two mixing solutions are both independently saturated in carbonates. We perform reactive transport simulations of mixing of a regional groundwater and brine ascending through a fracture, both saturated in calcite, but with different overall chemistries (Ca and carbonate concentrations, pH, etc). As a result of the intrinsic effects of chemical mixing, a carbonate dissolution zone, which is enhanced by acid brines, appears above the fracture, and another zone of calcite precipitation builds up between the cavity and the surrounding rock. Sulfide forms near the fracture and occupies a volume smaller than the cavity. A decline of the fluid flux in the fracture would cause the precipitation of calcite within the previously formed cavities. Therefore, dissolution of carbonate host rock, sulfide precipitation within the forming cavity, and later filling by carbonates may be part of the same overall process of mixing of fluids in the carbonate host rock.Editorial handling: C. Everett 相似文献
18.
北祁连山中西段塞浦路斯型铜矿特征、成矿作用及找矿标志 总被引：11，自引：10，他引：11
本文总结北祁连山中西段塞浦路斯型铜矿特征及找矿标志 ,获得如下认识 :1成矿环境为奥陶纪亲弧扩张脊 (岛弧扩张脊和弧后扩张脊 ) ,容矿岩石为蛇绿岩套上部火山 -沉积岩系 ;矿床成矿金属组合为铜锌 ,贫铅 ;2矿床地质模型为蘑菇状 ,蘑菇茎代表沿热液通道的柱状矿体 ,蘑菇伞代表在热液喷流口周围海底展开的透镜状、似层状矿体 ,伞翼之下为基性火山岩 ,伞上常覆盖碧玉岩 ,成矿环境不稳定时 ,缺失碧玉岩。近喷流口位置矿体 Cu>Zn,远喷流口位置矿体 Cu相似文献
19.
目前冈底斯成矿带报道的斑岩型矿床主要集中在东段,而鲁尔玛斑岩型铜(金)矿为冈底斯成矿带西段新发现的铜矿,具有钾硅酸盐化、绢英岩化、青磐岩等明显的斑岩型矿床蚀变特征.其热液脉体从早到晚化分为:钾硅酸盐化脉(A脉)、石英-金属硫化物脉(B脉)以及石英-绿帘石-碳酸盐化脉(D脉).对各阶段热液脉体的的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温、显微激光拉曼和H-O-C同位素等分析.发现A脉石英中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在390~460℃,盐度介于4.5%~21.6%NaCleqv和43.6%~59.6%NaCleqv两个区间;B脉石英中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在310~380℃,盐度介于3.6%~19.8%NaCleqv和6.0%~16.0%NaCleqv两个区间;D脉石英和方解石中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在200~320℃,盐度集中在0.4%~14.7%NaCleqv.拉曼分析表明,鲁尔玛铜(金)矿的流体包裹体含CO2、N2、CH4等气体及石盐子晶和多种金属硫化物和金属氧化物子晶.各热液脉体石英中流体包裹体的δDH2O,V-SMOW值的变化范围为-128‰^-110‰,δ18OH2O,V-SMOW值的变化范围为-9.09‰^-1.45‰,方解石的δ13CCal,V-PDB值的变化范围为-20.8‰^-19.8‰,δ18OCal,V-SMOW值的变化范围为-5.9‰^-4.9‰,展现出岩浆热液的特征,晚期还有大气降水的加入.研究结果显示,成矿流体属高温、高盐度、含CO2、N2、CH4等气体和Cu、Fe、Mo等金属元素的Ca+-Na+-Cl-H2O体系流体,具有典型的斑岩型铜矿床成矿流体的特征.成矿流体从深部封闭体系运移到浅部的开放体系,温压环境突变导致金属硫化物沉淀,形成A脉和B脉型矿化.随着成矿物质的大量析出,同时伴随着大气降水等因素的影响,流体温度、盐度迅速降低,产生D脉型矿化. 相似文献
20.
兰坪盆地白秧坪铜钴银多金属矿床成矿物质来源研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
利用白秧坪矿床的S、Pb、C、O、H同位素组成特征和辉砷钴矿的Co/Ni比值特征,对成矿物质来源进行了分析.认为金属硫化物的硫源可能属含有基性火山岩的盆地基底变质岩来源硫和盆地沉积硫酸盐来源硫的混合硫;铅由赋矿地层下伏沉积岩和盆地基底岩石所提供;成矿流体中的CO2具有两种来源,可能分别由蚀变海相碳酸盐岩和正常海相碳酸盐岩热解形成或者沉积有机质脱羧基作用形成,成矿流体属SO4-Cl-Na-Ca型、大气降水演化而成的盆地热卤水;矿床中钴可能也源自含有基性火山岩的盆地基底变质岩. 相似文献