共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
江西德兴朱砂红斑岩铜矿流体包裹体特征及其成矿意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
朱砂红斑岩铜矿位于德兴斑岩铜矿矿集区的西北方向,紧邻铜厂铜矿.本文在前人有关德兴铜矿研究基础上,以铜矿流体包裹体为研究内容,通过野外详细的岩芯采样,室内石英斑晶、石英脉和方解石脉中包裹体测试及数据整理分析后初步发现:朱砂红斑岩铜矿流体包裹体大致可以分成五大类型(富液型包裹体、富气型包裹体、含CO2气液两相型包裹体、含子矿物多相型和固液两相型);相比铜厂整体成矿温度略低,盐度略高;由成矿流体压力47.27～184.47 MPa,推导出成矿深度达2～4 km,以及激光拉曼测试结果——流体中含有CO2、H2S和CH4等挥成份气体,它们可能与Au等元素的运移成矿有关.因此,从包裹体性质推测朱砂红铜矿不只是斑岩铜矿,可能是浅成热液斑岩型铜金矿床.此外,朱砂红矿区成矿流体来源至少有两种:高温岩浆流体和大气降水.伴随流体演化期次大致可以划分出3个成矿阶段:硅酸盐硫化物阶段、石英-硫化物阶段(即主成矿阶段,温度:200～340℃,盐度:2.0％～15％NaCl)、碳酸盐-硫酸盐硫化物阶段.同时,均一温度、盐度及压力等暗示在流体演化和成矿过程中岩浆流体发生过沸腾或不混溶作用. 相似文献
2.
大兴安岭锡矿带是中国北方唯一成型的锡多金属成矿带。新近发现的内蒙古维拉斯托锡多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段,隶属中亚造山带东段的兴蒙造山带。该矿床为一典型的大型斑岩型热液脉型锡多金属矿床,矿区内锡矿化主要赋存于石英斑岩体顶部及其上部的石英脉中。矿床成矿阶段包括石英斑岩体内的滴状锡锌矿化阶段、石英斑岩体上部石英脉中的辉钼矿矿化阶段、石英锡石黑钨矿阶段和石英多金属硫化物阶段。流体包裹体研究结果显示：流体包裹体类型主要为气液两相包裹体,尤其是富液相包裹体,其次为含子矿物的三相包裹体。斑岩体内矿化阶段流体包裹体均一温度为324~333 ℃,盐度为6.5%~7.5% NaCleqv,密度为0.73~0.74 g/cm3;石英脉型矿化阶段包裹体均一温度为201~324 ℃,盐度为3.4%~9.9% NaCleqv,密度为0.73~0.92 g/cm3。包裹体显微测温分析结果显示该矿区成矿流体具有中高温、低盐度、中密度的特征。激光拉曼光谱分析表明,气液两相包裹体液相成分主要为H2O,气相成分主要有H2O、CO2和CH4。氢氧同位素研究结果表明该矿床石英斑岩体上部石英脉矿化阶段的成矿流体为岩浆水和大气降水混合来源,以岩浆水为主。岩浆流体与大气降水的混合以及流体演化中的降温过程是该矿床矿石沉淀的主要机制。 相似文献
3.
桂花冲铜矿床是铜陵矿集区沙滩脚矿田内新发现的一个以斑岩型矿化为主的矽卡岩-斑岩复合型铜矿床。文章对该矿床的矿床地质和斑岩型矿化成矿流体进行了初步研究,旨在查明该矿床成矿流体的演化过程。根据脉体的穿切关系及矿物共生组合,桂花冲铜矿斑岩型矿化成矿过程可划分为钾化、硅化、石英黄铁矿、石英多金属硫化物和碳酸盐5个阶段。硅化阶段主要发育纯气体、含子矿物及富气相包裹体,石英黄铁矿阶段主要发育纯气体、富液相、富气相及含子矿物包裹体,石英多金属硫化物阶段及碳酸盐阶段主要发育富液相包裹体。从硅化阶段至碳酸盐阶段,成矿流体由高温(472.9℃)、高盐度(47.7%~74.0%)的岩浆热液逐渐向中低温(140.2~280.3℃)、低盐度(1.6%~7.7%)的岩浆热液和大气降水的混合流体演化,成矿过程中流体经历了沸腾及混合作用,混合作用是导致铜沉淀的主要机制。 相似文献
4.
永平铜多金属矿床位于华南地区十杭裂谷带南侧,是一个与晚侏罗世二长花岗斑岩侵入体有关的斑岩-矽卡岩矿床。矿区存在斑岩型钼矿和矽卡岩型铜矿两种矿化类型。其中,斑岩型钼矿含矿石英脉中主要发育I型气液两相包裹体、II型CO_2三相包裹体和III型含子矿物多相包裹体,早期石英-硫化物阶段流体包裹体的形成温度介于202~359℃之间,盐度介于4.62~36.68 wt%NaCl之间;晚期石英-碳酸盐-硫化物阶段均一温度介于211~318℃之间,盐度范围为2.07~11.47 wt%NaCl。矽卡岩铜矿主要发育I型气液两相包裹体,早期矽卡岩阶段均一温度达到406~486℃,盐度为9.21~9.89 wt%NaCl;石英-硫化物阶段均一温度介于137~335℃之间,盐度值范围为4.98~13.20 wt%NaCl;晚期碳酸盐阶段包裹体均一温度只有89~151℃,盐度范围介于2.07~19.13 wt%NaCl之间。激光拉曼结果显示两者流体包裹体中具有相似的气相成分,都以CO_2和H_2O为主,成矿流体总体上属于H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系。含Mo成矿流体中存在CH_4,具有低氧逸度特征,在流体演化早期形成Mo矿化中心,石英-硫化物阶段含Mo流体相对于含Cu流体具有更高的温度和压力。矿石中金属硫化物的δ~(34)S值变化于–0.2‰~+1.9‰之间,这表明成矿物质硫源主要来自深源岩浆。结合地质特征,认为该矿床是与晚侏罗世花岗质岩浆密切相关的斑岩钼-矽卡岩铜矿床,铜和钼矿化存在分带现象,岩浆系统的中心部位具有斑岩型钼矿化,外围及和碳酸盐岩的接触带形成斑岩-矽卡岩型铜钨铅锌矿化。 相似文献
5.
为了探讨西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带帮浦铜多金属矿床流体的来源及演化过程,对矿体中的石英斑晶、辉钼矿石英脉、铅锌矿石英脉及方解石脉中所含的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温和激光拉曼探针以及硫同位素研究。结果表明:与成矿有关的流体包裹体可以分为富气相包裹体、富液相包裹体、含子晶多相包裹体3个类型。流体包裹体的均一温度、盐度及密度测定值均可分为两个区间,分别为300~350℃、390~440℃,6.96~11.63 wt%NaCl、16.76~23.7wt%NaCl及1.05~1.15g/cm3、0.40~1.00 g/cm3。含石盐子晶包裹体所对应的盐度范围是39.38~56.1wt%NaCl。激光拉曼光谱分析表明,含子晶流体包裹体中子矿物为石盐、黄铜矿、白铁矿等,气相包裹体和液相包裹体中气相中含有CO2。石英斑晶与辉钼矿石英脉中低密度气相包裹体与高密度液相包裹体、高盐度含子晶包裹体共生,其均一温度范围一致,但盐度相差较大,指示成矿流体有不混溶作用或沸腾作用,成矿流体来自于岩浆的出熔,金属硫化物直接来源于岩浆;而铅锌矿石英脉与两种不同性质流体的混合作用有关。 相似文献
6.
拉陵灶火钼多金属矿床东昆仑成矿带新发现的一个矽卡岩-斑岩型钼多金属矿床,针对该矿床矿化石英脉中的流体包裹体进行温压条件及单个包裹体激光拉曼光谱研究。结果表明,流体包裹体类型主要有气液两相、含CO2三相及富CO2包裹体。测温结果显示石英辉钼矿化阶段包裹体均一温度集中于200℃~350℃,石英硫化物细脉阶段包裹体均一温度集中165℃~210℃。成矿流体的盐度w(NaCl eqv)介于2.73%~16.72%,总体属中低盐度CO2-H2O-NaCl体系。成矿过程中发生过沸腾作用,压力急剧降低,可能产生沸腾作用主要因素。本区斑岩型钼矿形成于洋壳俯冲结束到陆陆碰撞开始的转折期,下地壳的部分熔融是成岩成矿的主要物质源区,因此成矿流体具有富CO2的特征。 相似文献
7.
西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床成因研究——来自流体包裹体的证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甲玛铜多金属矿床位于西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带东段,是近年来勘探发现的超大型斑岩-矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床。通过冷热台显微观察与测温、扫描电镜、激光拉曼探针测试,对甲玛矿床各成矿阶段典型矿物的流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体富含挥发分,临界相均一的流体来自岩浆超临界流体出溶,主成矿阶段具有沸腾包裹体组合特征,有机质包裹体荧光效应显著。显微测温结果显示,岩浆-热液阶段斑岩中石英斑晶的流体包裹体均一温度范围为250～540℃,含石盐子晶高盐度包裹体盐度范围为35～61(wt%)NaCl.eq,中等盐度的临界均一的气液包裹体盐度范围为3～29(wt%)NaCl.eq,岩浆期后热液阶段斑岩、角岩中石英脉的流体包裹体均一温度范围为210～410℃,盐度范围为33～41(wt%)NaCl.eq,与其不混溶共生的中低盐度气液两相流体包裹体盐度范围为5～25(wt%)NaCl.eq。矽卡岩阶段矿物均一温度范围为130～360℃,盐度范围为3～41(wt%)NaCl.eq,从岩浆热液过渡阶段到石英-硫化物阶段均一温度与盐度呈阶梯式降低趋势。斑岩体石英的流体包裹体中含有较多黄铜矿子矿物,岩浆结晶分异过程中已经具成矿元素的富集。激光拉曼探针测试结果显示,成矿早期至主成矿期矿物流体包裹体气相成分主要为CO2、CH4和N2,各阶段矿物流体包裹体气相成分具有继承性。成矿流体为高温度高盐度,富含CO2、CH4的流体。成矿流体主要源于岩浆,后期混有大气降水。当岩浆热液上升时因压力的突然释放造成高温含矿热流体发生减压沸腾,CO2和CH4等气体大量逃逸,导致成矿物质快速沉淀。矿床在成因上与岩浆-热液成矿作用密切相关。 相似文献
8.
岔路口超大型斑岩钼矿床位于大兴安岭北部,是目前中国东北地区最大的钼矿床,矿体赋存于中酸性杂岩体及侏罗系火山-沉积岩内,其中花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、细粒花岗岩与钼矿化关系密切.流体包裹体研究表明,岔路口矿床主要发育富液两相包裹体、富气两相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体.花岗斑岩石英斑晶中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在230 ～ 440℃和470～510℃两个温度区间,盐度分别介于0.7％ ～ 53.7％ NaCl eqv和6.2％～61.3％ NaCl eqv两个区间;成矿早阶段钾长石-石英-磁铁矿脉中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在320～440℃、盐度介于4.2％ ～ 52.3％NaCl eqv;成矿中阶段石英-辉钼矿脉和角砾岩中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在260～410℃、盐度介于0.4％～52.3％ NaCleqv;成矿晚阶段石英-萤石-方铅矿-闪锌矿脉中流体包裹体的形成温度集中在170～320℃、盐度介于0.5％ ～ 11.1％ NaCleqv.成矿流体具高温、高盐度及高氧逸度的特征,总体上属于富F的H2O-NaCl±CO2体系.成矿流体的δ 18Ow值为-4.5‰～3.2‰,δDw值为-138‰～-122‰,表明成矿流体为岩浆水与雨水的混合流体.金属硫化物的δ34S值介于-1.9‰～+3.6‰,均值为+1.6‰,表明成矿物质主要来自深源岩浆.多期次的流体沸腾作用是该矿床的主要成矿机制. 相似文献
9.
山西中条山铜矿峪斑岩型铜矿床成矿流体特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
铜矿峪铜矿床位于中条山铜多金属成矿带,是目前中国最古老的斑岩型铜矿床之一。基于详尽的野外地质调查,结合流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温、群包裹体成分和碳、氢、氧、硫同位素分析等研究,探讨铜矿峪铜矿床成矿流体来源、性质及其演化和成矿物质来源。铜矿峪铜矿床的成矿阶段可划分为红钠化(石英-钠长石)阶段,钾长石-石英阶段,石英-硫化物阶段,石英-碳酸盐阶段(石英-方解石-硫化物阶段和石英-铁白云石-硫化物阶段)和碳酸盐阶段。流体包裹体类型主要有富液相气液两相包裹体(Ⅰ型)、含子晶包裹体(Ⅱ型)和CO2包裹体(Ⅲ型),还有少量的富气相包裹体(Ⅳ型)和液相包裹体(Ⅴ型),成矿流体系统早期为中高温、高氧逸度、富CO2的岩浆热液,中阶段经过流体沸腾、温度降低、氧逸度降低、CO2逸失等过程演化为还原性流体,使得大量金属硫化物沉淀,最后由于大气降水的不断加入和降温等过程,形成晚期的低温、中低氧逸度、低盐度、贫CO2的大气降水热液。氢、氧同位素组成(δ18OH2O值变化范围为6.5‰～-1.10‰,δD值变化范围为-99‰～-58‰)显示,从早阶段到晚阶段,成矿流体从以原生岩浆水为主,到晚期大气降水为主。9件硫化物样品δ34S值变化于1.1‰～4.8‰,平均值为2.44‰。表明成矿物质具有深源的特征。 相似文献
10.
内蒙古呼扎盖吐钼矿床是得尔布干成矿带上新发现的一座斑岩型钼矿床,钼矿体分布在燕山早期花岗闪长岩岩体内及其流纹岩接触带中,矿床以辉钼矿化和黄铁矿化为主,伴随有铅锌矿化和少量的黄铜矿化。成矿过程主要分为4个阶段：硅化阶段、石英- 辉钼矿阶段、石英- 多金属硫化物阶段和石英- 方解石阶段。流体包裹体可分为富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体、含子矿物的多相包裹体和含CO2的三相包裹体4种类型。以主成矿阶段为研究重点,对不同成矿阶段（Ⅱ→Ⅳ阶段)矿脉中石英/方解石中的包裹体进行了显微测温和激光拉曼探针分析。结果显示：石英- 辉钼矿阶段,包裹体均一温度主要集中在280~400℃之间,盐度变化范围在2. 57%~51. 68%。该阶段富气相包裹体、含子矿物的多相包裹体和含CO2的三相包裹体共存,L型包裹体液相成分主要为H2O- NaCl,V型包裹体气相成分除H2O为主外,部分还含有CO2,含石盐子晶的三相包裹体,检测到不透明子矿物黄铜矿的峰值。发育铅锌矿化和黄铜矿化的石英- 多金属硫化物阶段,包裹体均一温度集中在180~280℃之间,盐度变化范围为0. 18%~9. 73%。成矿晚期石英- 方解石脉中仅发育L型的气- 液两相流体包裹体,均一温度集中在140~240℃之间,盐度变化范围为0. 35%~7. 17%。结合最新研究成果,本文认为该矿床初始流体是中等盐度和密度的岩浆流体,在主成矿阶段由于压力释放发生流体沸腾作用,成矿流体系统的物理化学条件和氧化- 还原环境发生骤变,导致辉钼矿和其他硫化物等成矿物质在脉状裂隙中发生卸载沉淀。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
13.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
17.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
18.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
19.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献