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1.
考察酸性条件特别是在近中性 pH范围内胡敏酸对高岭石吸附铜离子的强化作用。研究表明 ,胡敏酸的加入可以提高高岭石对铜离子的吸附率 ,甚至在pH 5～ 6附近高岭石对铜离子的吸附率也从约 5 0 %提高到约 6 5 %。当 pH <4时 ,由于高岭石表面铝的高溶出或胡敏酸阴离子基团离解程度降低等因素 ,使其表面对胡敏酸的吸附率有所降低 ,但与高岭石样品相比 ,胡敏酸高岭石复合体对铜离子的吸附仍然有明显的增加。胡敏酸对高岭石吸附铜离子的强化机制是 ,高岭石端面形成了Al—HA—Cu三元配合物 (B型 ) ,与传统的诸如pH、离子强度与离子初始浓度等介质条件影响不同。在 pH >7时高岭石端面及腐殖质基团去质子化增强 ,因而静电排斥降低了高岭石对胡敏酸的吸附 ,从而使得胡敏酸对铜离子在高岭石表面上的吸附作用有所减弱 ,此时可能出现胡敏酸铜及氢氧化铜的沉淀 ,铜离子的表观吸附率可能不会有明显变化 相似文献
2.
高岭石和蒙脱石分别是暖湿和冷干气候带内典型土壤的代表性矿物,对二者吸附胡敏酸特点的对比研究可以为探索不同地带土壤中重金属的环境行为提供重要的依据。笔者通过一系列实验研究了pH值、离子强度和胡敏酸初始浓度对胡敏酸在高岭石和蒙脱石上吸附量的影响,重点剖析了引起高岭石和蒙脱石在吸附胡敏酸方面表现出的共性和差异的原因。研究结果表明:1)在pH=5条件下,胡敏酸在高岭石和蒙脱石上的吸附量均随着胡敏酸初始浓度和离子强度的升高而逐渐增加;2)胡敏酸在高岭石和蒙脱石上的吸附量均随着pH值的升高而降低;3)pH<6时,高岭石吸附的胡敏酸量多于蒙脱石,pH>6时则相反。这是由高岭石和蒙脱石在不同pH条件下吸附胡敏酸的机制不同造成的。在pH<6时,高岭石与胡敏酸之间的静电引力起主导作用,其次是配位交换作用和氢键作用。此时,蒙脱石以氢键作用为主要吸附机制。在pH>6时,高岭石和蒙脱石的主要吸附机制分别是疏水性作用和阳离子键桥。 相似文献
3.
Cu2+和Cd2+在蒙脱石-胡敏酸复合体上的吸附及其竞争 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤和水体中的腐殖酸常常与粘土矿物紧密结合成为特殊的复合体.这种粘土矿物-腐殖酸复合体对重金属的吸附作用既有别于粘土矿物,更有别于腐殖酸.以蒙脱石和胡敏酸分别作为粘土矿物和腐殖酸的代表,通过一系列实验研究了Cu2+、Cd2+在单一体系和共存体系条件下在蒙脱石-胡敏酸复合体上的吸附作用,同时探讨了二者的竞争特点.实验结果表明,在单一体系条件下,蒙脱石-胡敏酸复合体对Cu2+的吸附量始终明显大于Cd2+,且二者的吸附量均随其初始浓度的增大而呈线性增大;而在Cu2+和Cd2+共存体系条件下,Cu2+的吸附量始终略大于Cd2+的吸附量,即复合体对Cu2+的吸附有较好的选择性.在吸附过程中,复合体中的蒙脱石与Cd2+和Cu2+的阳离子交换作用处于主导地位.无论是在单一体系还是在共存体系中,Cd2+优先替换电价相同而半径略大的Ca2+,而Cu2+则优先替换半径相近、电价低的Na+.因此,Cd2+的存在使Cu2+在复合体上的吸附量明显地减小,而Cu2+的存在对Cd2+的吸附几乎没有影响.这些实验结果将有助于深入探讨重金属离子在土壤、水体等环境中的迁移-固定行为. 相似文献
4.
蒙脱石/胡敏酸复合体对重金属离子吸附实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
主要研究了蒙脱石吸附胡敏酸后形成的复合体对Cu2 、Cd2 、Cr3 3种重金属离子的吸附.实验结果表明:用胡敏酸对蒙脱石改性后能提高其对3种重金属离子的吸附性能,胡敏酸浓度越大,吸附性能提高程度越大,3种重金属离子的Langmuir吸附等温线线性相关都能达到0.99以上.蒙脱石/胡敏酸复合体对3种重金属离子的吸附量都随pH值的升高而增加,随离子强度的增加而减小.另外还对其吸附动力学进行了研究,发现可用Elovicb方程和双常数方程对吸附过程进行较好地拟合. 相似文献
5.
高岭石水溶液的界面反应特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
高岭石的表面荷电性、溶解及其对 Cu2 、 Pb2 的吸附等实验结果表明, 高岭石的零净质子电荷点 pHPZNPC=5.2,但端面 >AlOH的 pHPZNPC在 6.5～ 7.0之间,而 >SiOH的 pHPZNPC < 2.3;然而,在 pH 2～ 10范围,ζ电位均为负值,即电动电荷等于零对应的 pH (pHIEP) < 2;且在 pH < 4溶解时, Al溶出率比 Si高,表明高岭石表层形成富 Si贫 Al层.随着溶液 pH由酸性往碱性的变化,重金属离子的吸附表现为离子交换与表面配位模式并存,并发生规律性的变化:在 pH < 6.5时主要表现为离子交换吸附,在 pH < 4时由于受到高岭石 Al的高溶出及较高的离子强度影响,高岭石对 Cu2 、 Pb2 的吸附率较低,但在 pH 5～ 6附近吸附率有明显的提升,并且有个吸附平台;在 pH > 6.5时,主要表现为离子交换和表面配位均为重要的吸附机制,若 pH再升高或重金属离子浓度过高时甚至发生表面沉淀.研究还表明,溶液 pH与离子强度影响高岭石水界面反应过程,表面溶解与质子化反应改变高岭石的表面性质,包括表面荷电性和表面位化合形态,因而调控 Cu2 、 Pb2 的界面吸附行为. 相似文献
6.
粘土矿物对胡敏酸的吸附行为研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以蒙脱石和高岭土为吸附剂,分别与胡敏酸反应,研究胡敏酸在蒙脱石和高岭石上的吸附行为,并运用红外光谱、热重和Zeta电位等分析方法,表征分析了吸附前后的粘土矿物.实验结果表明,吸附过程受胡敏酸的初始浓度和pH值等因素影响;胡敏酸对粘土矿物的吸附等温线符合Freundlich等温方程;表征分析表明两种粘土矿物与胡敏酸复合体的红外光谱出现了C-H振动吸收峰;粘土矿物与胡敏酸结合后Zeta电位下降.实验的结果将有助于进一步探明环境中粘土矿物对胡敏酸的吸附机理. 相似文献
7.
高岭土/胡敏酸复合体对重金属离子吸附解吸实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用高岭土对胡敏酸吸附形成稳定的有机一无机络合物,研究了高岭土／胡敏酸复合体对Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋和Cr^2＋的吸附。结果表明,胡敏酸对高岭土改性后能提高上述三种重金属离子的吸附性能,高岭土／胡敏酸复合体对三种重金属离子的吸附量都随pH值的升高而增加,随离子强度的增加而减小。本文还研究了高岭土／胡敏酸复合体对上述三种重金属离子的吸附动力学,发现吸附过程可用Elovich方程和一级动力学方程进行较好的拟合。 相似文献
8.
以凹凸棒石为缓释载体,研究凹凸棒石缓释钾肥的制备条件,并以其吸附时间、K+初始浓度与吸附量的关系,确定K+吸附量最大时的K+初始浓度缓释效果。用pH=5的HCl溶液和(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度为1.6mmol/L,3.2mmol/L,6.4mmol/L,12.8mmol/L,19.2mmol/L,25.6mmol/L的混合溶液对凹凸棒石缓释肥进行解吸。结果表明:凹凸棒石对K+的吸附量在30min内达到平衡,单位质量凹凸棒石对K+的最大吸附量为13.97×10-3;pH=5的HCl溶液对K+的解吸率最小,随解吸溶液中(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度增加,解吸率增大,凹凸棒石对K+的解吸过程符合Elovich方程,解吸速率远小于吸附速率;以pH=5的HCl溶液对凹凸棒石缓释钾肥进行动态解吸和静态解吸实验,动态解吸得出的解吸率较静态解吸的解吸率低,解吸液为450ml时,动态解吸和静态解吸的解吸率分别为35.5%和50.3%,前者能更真实地反应凹凸棒石缓释钾肥的缓释效果;该凹凸棒石是钾肥良好的缓释载体。 相似文献
9.
为探讨粘土矿物从溶液中吸附锂的基本特征,选取蒙脱石和高岭石与合成的含锂人工海水(ρ(Li)=1.4mg/L)在室温下进行吸附反应,探讨其吸附平衡时间、pH和水岩比对吸附的影响。实验结果表明蒙脱石和高岭石与锂溶液在2 h内均达到吸附平衡。pH从4升高至8时,高岭石对锂吸附的量从33.2μg/g升高到72.4μg/g。而pH>8时,高岭石对锂吸附的量开始减小。水岩比明显的影响到高岭石的吸附能力。水岩比从50mL/g变化到100 mL/g和200 mL/g,其吸附量从25.2μg/g增加到58.8μg/g和142.6μg/g。这说明所用高岭石量足够与实验溶液达到吸附平衡,可以用本实验来研究吸附过程的锂同位素分馏特征。 相似文献
10.
对中国南方的3个水稻土样品进行了Cd、Pb单一离子和混合离子吸附特点的研究。结果表明,3个水稻土样品中Cd、Pb的吸附特点都相似,Langmuir等温方程可很好地描述Cd、Pb的吸附等温线。3个土壤样品中,有较高pH值和较低有机物、CEC浓度、粘土含量、高岭石含量的2个土壤样品对Cd、Pb有较大的吸附量,且其等温吸附拟合的最大吸附量（B）也较大。在两组分混合溶液中,尽管共存离子的存在影响了土壤对单一离子的吸附,同时土壤对Cd的吸附在一定程度上受影响的程度大,但3个土壤样品都表现出对Pb有强的吸附能力。在3个土壤样品中,Langmuir等温方程中Pb的健合能常数（K）都大于Cd的健合能常数（K）,混合溶液中的K值高于单一溶液的K值,表明2种金属离子对吸附位点的竞争提高了特定吸附位点的保持力,使金属离子在土壤中特定位点的吸附更加坚固。 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
Emmanuel Skourtsos Daniel Vachard Alexandra Zambetakis-Lekkas Rossana Martini Louisette Zaninetti 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):925-931
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931. 相似文献
15.
正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.) 相似文献
16.
正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.) 相似文献
17.
正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.) 相似文献
18.
正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus., 相似文献
19.
正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an 相似文献
20.
正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of 相似文献