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1.
对养殖岱衢洋大黄鱼进行人工催产、自然产卵获得受精卵,在人工培育条件下观察了其胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育过程。结果表明:1)岱衢洋大黄鱼受精卵呈圆球形,浮性;2)在水温23.0~24.0℃、盐度22.1条件下胚胎发育历时25.5h,主要经历了卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期及孵化期等阶段;3)在水温22.0~24.0℃、盐度22.1~23.4条件下,仔鱼发育经历了前期仔鱼(0~7日龄)和后期仔鱼(8~18日龄);4)19日龄进入稚鱼前期,各鳍齐全;5)29日龄进入稚鱼后期,鳞片出现;6)36日龄以后全身被鳞,进入幼鱼期。仔稚幼鱼生长方程为TL=0.570 3 D+0.750 1(R2=0.965 8),全长和日龄呈极显著线性相关。 相似文献
2.
漠斑牙鲆仔、稚、幼鱼的形态发育研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2006年12月至2007年2月,在福建省漳州市东山县华涛水产综合养殖场,对漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)仔、稚、幼鱼各发育阶段的形态特征进行了观察和描述.初孵仔鱼平均全长2.73±0.211mm.在培育水温18.1～23.0℃和盐度为33～34条件下,初孵仔鱼至孵化后7日龄为前期仔鱼,6日龄仔鱼开口;孵化后8日龄至30日龄为后期仔鱼;孵化后31日龄至45日龄为稚鱼期;孵化后46日龄进入幼鱼期.冠状幼鳍的消长、右眼的移位以及体色的左右不对称是漠斑牙鲆早期发育过程中最明显的外部形态变化. 相似文献
3.
Mian状黄姑鱼的早期发育研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
本文对Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼的胚胎和仔、稚鱼各发育阶段的形态特征进行了描述。Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼的爱精卵的为圆球形浮性卵,无色透明。在水温２０￣２３℃,盐度２６￣３０的条件下,经２４ｈ３５ｍｉｎ陆续孵出仔鱼。胚胎发育分为２６期。初孵仔鱼至孵化后４日龄为仔鱼前期;孵化后５￣２２日龄为仔鱼后期;孵化后２３￣３２日龄为雅鱼期;孵化后３３日龄进入幼鱼早期。仔、稚鱼培育水温１８￣２８℃,盐度２０￣３０。仔鱼２日龄稍开 相似文献
4.
斜带石斑鱼仔、稚、幼鱼的形态发育研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2005年10～12月,在集美大学水产学院水产试验场,对人工培育的斜带石斑鱼仔、稚、幼鱼各发育阶段的形态特征进行了观察和描述.根据卵黄囊、鳍膜、鳞片以及背鳍长棘和腹鳍长棘的变化,将斜带石斑鱼的胚后发育划分为仔鱼期、稚鱼期和幼鱼期3个时期.初孵仔鱼平均全长1.68mm(1.60～1.78mm).在培育水温为21.0～28.5℃,盐度为24.8～28.3条件下,初孵仔鱼至孵化后5日龄为前期仔鱼,3日龄仔鱼开口;孵化后6日龄至31日龄为后期仔鱼;孵化后32日龄至68日龄为稚鱼期;孵化后69日龄进入幼鱼期.背鳍第二鳍棘和腹鳍鳍棘的长出与收缩是斜带石斑鱼前期发育过程中最明显的变化.此外,本文探讨了斜带石斑鱼与青石斑鱼、点带石斑鱼和赤点石斑鱼仔、稚、幼鱼期发育的异同. 相似文献
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为丰富云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)的基础生物学资料,对云纹石斑鱼早期发育阶段的形态变化进行了观察,对各时期的形态特征与生态习性进行了描述,并详细记录了各时期全长、口裂、第2背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的变化.根据卵黄囊和油球的消失、鳍膜的消退、第2背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的伸缩、鳞片的生长及色素的变化把云纹石斑鱼早期发育阶段胚后发育分为仔鱼期(包括早期仔鱼和晚期仔鱼)、稚鱼期和幼鱼期.在水温26.71±1.26℃的培育条件下,仔鱼4日龄开口摄食;至6日龄,卵黄囊和油球消失,进入晚期仔鱼期;至29日龄,鳍膜消失,进入稚鱼期;至41日龄,鳞片开始长出,至59日龄,稚鱼全身覆盖鳞片,完成变态,进入早期幼鱼期.并发现在生态幅范围内提高培育水温,可以提高生长效率,加快育苗速度. 相似文献
8.
采用干法授精方法获得受精卵,在人工培育条件下观察了光唇鱼胚胎及仔、稚鱼发育过程。结果表明,光唇鱼受精卵呈圆球形,沉性、弱粘性。在水温23—25℃下,胚胎发育历时46h45min,经历了胚盘形成、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成和孵化等阶段。在水温24—27℃下,仔、稚鱼发育历时22d,初孵仔鱼具有较大的卵黄囊,胸鳍原基及肛门原基形成;4日龄仔鱼开口摄食,进入混合营养期;7日龄仔鱼卵黄囊消失,营外源性营养,体侧8条横斑形成,各鳍均已出现,进入晚期仔鱼阶段;14日龄仔鱼各鳍鳍条发育基本完成;16日龄仔鱼鳞片开始出现,进入稚鱼期;22日龄稚鱼全身被鳞,进入幼鱼期。 相似文献
9.
《海洋科学》2010,(1)
作者对鮸鱼(Miichthys miiuy)的早期发育(从受精卵到45日龄幼鱼)形态特征及生态习性进行了描述。鮸鱼的受精卵在水温21.4℃~22.0℃,盐度25.7条件下,经过29 h30 min仔鱼孵出。从受精卵到仔鱼出膜可分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、胚体形成期等4个主要时期,然后进入胚后发育阶段。孵出后的3日龄仔鱼已能在水体中平游,极少数个体可开口摄食轮虫。4日龄仔鱼全部开口摄食,并对光反应敏感,出现明显的集群现象。22日龄的后期仔鱼各鳍鳍条发育形成,鳞片开始出现,进入到稚鱼期。39日龄后,鮸鱼全身披满细小的鳞片,全部分布于育苗池的底部,开始进入到幼鱼发育阶段。根据仔、稚、幼鱼形态特征和生活习性对鮸鱼的分类进行了探讨。 相似文献
10.
作者对鱼(Miichthys miiuy)的早期发育(从受精卵到45日龄幼鱼)形态特征及生态习性进行了描述。鱼的受精卵在水温21.4℃～22.0℃,盐度25.7条件下,经过29 h30 min仔鱼孵出。从受精卵到仔鱼出膜可分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、胚体形成期等4个主要时期,然后进入胚后发育阶段。孵出后的3日龄仔鱼已能在水体中平游,极少数个体可开口摄食轮虫。4日龄仔鱼全部开口摄食,并对光反应敏感,出现明显的集群现象。22日龄的后期仔鱼各鳍鳍条发育形成,鳞片开始出现,进入到稚鱼期。39日龄后,鱼全身披满细小的鳞片,全部分布于育苗池的底部,开始进入到幼鱼发育阶段。根据仔、稚、幼鱼形态特征和生活习性对鱼的分类进行了探讨。 相似文献
11.
Yoshiro Watanabe Yutaka Kurita Masayuki Noto Yoshioki Oozeki Daiji Kitagawa 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(4):403-414
Growth and mortality rates of larval and early juvenile Pacific saury Cololabis saira were estimated for spring and autumn spawning seasons in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transitional waters and for winter spawning
season in the Kuroshio waters in 9 years from 1990–1998, based on quantitative fish sampling and otolith daily ring readings.
Growth and mortality rates were more variable in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transitional waters than in the Kuroshio waters. The
estimated production of 40-mm preschooling juveniles was a positive function of larval production in the hatching length class
(5.9–9.9 mm) in the Kuroshio waters. In the Kuroshio-Oyashio transitional waters, rather than larval production in the hatching
length class, cumulative survival through the larval and early juvenile stages determined the juvenile production. Variable
growth and survival rates of saury observed in the transitional waters seem to be associated with large environmental variability
in the waters, including shifts of the Kuroshio and Oyashio fronts and development of streamers and eddies between the fronts.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
The Larval Fish Assemblage in Nearshore Coastal Waters off the St Lucia Estuary, South Africa 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This paper reports on the composition, abundance and distribution of the larval fish assemblage in the nearshore coastal waters off the St Lucia Estuary mouth, South Africa. Ichthyoplankton samples were collected over a 12 month period from five stations located along a transect up to 2·5 km offshore, and from two stations north and south of the estuary mouth, respectively. In all, 6126 fish larvae, representing 89 families and 186 species, were collected. Larvae in the families Myctophidae and Tripterygiidae comprised 21% and 16% of the total catch, respectively. The most abundant species were an unidentified triplefin, Tripterygiid 1 and the lanternfish Benthosema fibulatum, together which contributed nearly 18% of the total catch. Larvae of marine spawners independent of estuaries dominated the catch both in terms of density (90%) and in terms of number of taxa (89%). Some larvae of estuarine-associated species were present, in addition to a few specimens of estuarine resident species. Overall the dominant environmental variable affecting larval densities was temperature, particularly for Trypterygiid 1 where temperature contributed to 9% of the variance model. Densities of fish larvae peaked in November and December 1990 (late spring and early summer) and were lowest from January to June 1991 (summer, autumn an early winter). Different taxa dominated the catch each month with reef- and shelf-associated species accounting for the peak in August and September 1990, oceanic species in November 1990 and a mixture of the two groups in December. Overall larval densities were significantly higher in bottom samples with a trend of increasing densities offshore for reef and shelf taxa. The larvae of reef and shore taxa were predominantly preflexion larvae, whilst the few estuarine spawner species that were collected were mainly postflexion. Ontogenetic patterns related to depth and distance offshore were evident for the dominant species in each estuarine-association category.The present study has shown that temporal and spatial variations in the larval fish assemblage off St Lucia are related to environmental conditions and ontogenetic behavioural patterns of certain species. The origin of many of the larvae in the assemblages off the coast of St Lucia is probably from both local spawning populations in the shelf waters off KwaZulu-Natal and spawning populations farther north in shelf waters off Mozambique. Additional studies with more detailed oceanographic measurements will further our understanding of the physical processes that supply larvae to the St Lucia region. 相似文献
13.
半滑舌鳎仔稚鱼消化酶活性的变化 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对半滑舌鳎不同发育阶段主要消化酶（酸性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶）以及与消化吸收相关的碱性磷酸酶的活性变化进行了测定。结果表明，半滑舌鳎在仔鱼发育早期即可检出酸性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶的活力，碱性蛋白酶的2个极低值分别出现在仔鱼开口期和仔稚鱼的转交期，从孵化后23d左右胃腺出现时，酸性蛋白酶的活性开始明显升高。早期仔鱼体内表现出较强的淀粉酶活性，孵化后12d其活性急剧下降，并一直保持较低的比活力状态。脂肪酶的活性在半滑舌鳎早期仔鱼体内一直较低，进入稚鱼期后开始缓慢上升。碱性磷酸酶活性在变态结束后出现大幅度的升高，这标志着肠组织结构和肠道消化功能的完善。 相似文献
14.
Matt G. Jarvis Manna L. Warburton Aurélien Vivancos Gerard P. Closs 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2018,52(1):138-144
While many of New Zealand’s freshwater fishes undertake larval migrations as part of their amphidromous life-history, little is known of the larval stages of these fish. Torrentfish (Cheimarrchthys fosteri), a New Zealand endemic, amphidromous, riffle specialist are particularly enigmatic; their spawning sites and behaviours are unknown, and larvae have never been collected either emigrating from freshwater or during their marine feeding phase. During summer drift sampling, we captured unidentified fish larvae emigrating downstream in the Waianakarua River, South Island, New Zealand. Based on multiple lines of evidence (meristic comparisons with adults, morphology, time of capture, and adult fish populations of the Waianakarua) we identify these larvae as torrentfish. This represents the first time torrentfish larvae have been captured or identified, laying the foundations for future studies into the early life-history and ecology of this unique and threatened fish. 相似文献
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The process of embryogenesis and larval development of the asteroid sea star Asterias amurensis (Lütken) was observed, with
special attention paid to morphological change and larval duration. In reproductive season, mature sea stars were collected
under floating net cages, located in Tongyeong, southern Korea. The mature eggs are 138 μm in average diameter, semi-translucent
and orange in color, sperms in good condition appear light cream to white-gray in color. Embryos develop through the holoblastic
equal cleavage stage and a wrinkled blastula stage that lasts about 9 hours after fertilization. Gastrulae bearing an expanded
archenteron hatch from the fertilization envelope 22 hours after fertilization. At the end of gastrulation, rudiments of the
left and right coelom are formed. By day 2, larvae possess complete alimentary canal and begin to feed. At this stage, the
larva is called early bipinnaria. In 6day-old larvae, the pre- and post- oral ciliated bands form complete circuits and the
bipinnarial processes start to develop. By day 12, the lateral and anterior projection of the larval wall processes along
the ciliated bands begins to thicken and curl, and the ciliated bands become more prominent. By day 32, early brachiolaria
are presented with three pairs of brachiolar arms. Advanced brachiolaria with a well-developed brachiolar complex (three pairs
of brachia and central adhesive disc) occur 6 weeks after fertilization. In the field, spawning of the sea star was observed
in April to May, settlement form larvae and just settlements seem to occur from June to July, and early juveniles occur from
August to September. Although we had not described the end of brachiolaria stage, it can be tentatively estimated that the
duration of the pelagic stage of A. amurensis is 40 to 50 days. 相似文献
17.
Johan van der Molen Stuart I. Rogers Jim R. Ellis Clive J. Fox Paul McCloghrie 《Journal of Sea Research》2007,58(4):313-330
Many marine species produce pelagic propagules which, because of their life-history characteristics and the local hydrodynamics, can disperse considerable distances from the point of release. Distances travelled are affected by factors such as: release time and location, egg and larval stage duration, local environmental conditions and active swimming and settlement behaviours. Understanding such dispersal patterns is important for the design of effective ecosystem-conservation strategies. We used a regional scale, coupled physical-biological model for the Irish Sea to simulate the possible dispersal of eggs and larvae of five species of fish with contrasting early life histories (cod Gadus morhua, plaice Pleuronectes platessa, witch Glyptocephalus cynoglossus, sprat Sprattus sprattus and pogge Agonus cataphractus). The hydrodynamic model was forced with meteorological data for 1995, a year when extensive plankton surveys were conducted in the Irish Sea. A particle tracking method featuring particle release (spawning) and species-dependent particle development and behaviour was then run based on flow and temperature fields from the hydrodynamical model. Modelled larval distributions and settlement areas corresponded favourably with observations from field sampling. The settlement destinations (or onset of shoaling for sprat) were affected both by their initial spawning location and by the species-specific development rates and behaviours coded into the model. Eggs and larvae typically remained within 160 km of their spawning origin, although a minority travelled up to 300 km. Even in a relatively enclosed sea such as the Irish Sea, fish eggs and larvae can be dispersed over 100s of km. This provides a major challenge for the design of effective spatial management strategies if it is necessary to protect a species across its life-history stages. Further progress in the design of effective conservation measures for species or communities will need an integrated approach taking account of key aspects of early life history and behaviour. 相似文献
18.
The larvae and larval development of Galaxias maculatus are described from a freshwater lake and a saline river in southwestern Western Australia. The size at hatching (7.0 mm total length) was similar to that recorded elsewhere for G. maculatus and the sequence of fin development (i.e., caudal, dorsal, anal, pectoral, and pelvic fins) was identical to that recorded for galaxiids generally. There were relative increases in the proportions of head length and body depth with larval growth and a decrease in proportion of pre‐anal length. Larvae from river habitats were smaller throughout larval stages of development than those from the lake. Fins of riverine fish began and completed development at a smaller size of fish than the lacustrine population, presumably as a response to the need for great motility at a smaller fish size in lotic environments. 相似文献
19.
为研究褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)发育早期氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成及变化规律,采用GC/MS法等方法分析了褐菖鲉的受精卵、初产仔鱼、前仔鱼期和后仔鱼期四个阶段的氨基酸和脂肪酸组成特点及其含量变化。结果表明:(1)总氨基酸含量从受精卵至初产仔鱼显著下降、前仔鱼期又显著回升、至后仔鱼期再次呈显著下降(P0.05);(2)总游离氨基酸量以初产仔鱼最高,是受精卵的10倍,各期的游离氨基酸占总氨基酸比值为1.4%—20.0%;(3)受精卵中以DHA、C16:0两者实际含量最高,分别为104.88 mg/g和68.74 mg/g,C18:1n-9和EPA次之,分别为41.23 mg/g和27.23 mg/g;(4)褐菖鲉内源性营养阶段被选择性消耗的主要脂肪酸依次为C16:0C18:1EPADHAARA,就脂肪酸的利用率而言MUFASFAPUFA;(5)褐菖鲉仔鱼在开口后的外源营养阶段对脂肪酸的利用率为PUFASFAMUFA,其中DHA相对EPA和ARA被选择性消耗。研究表明,褐菖鲉受精卵的游离氨基酸/总氨基酸比值符合海水鱼类沉性卵的特征,褐菖鲉在早期发育不同阶段对脂肪酸消耗具有不同的选择性,C16:1、C16:0、C18:0和C18:1是褐菖鲉早期发育的主要能源物质,在褐菖鲉开口饵料中添加一定水平的异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸等氨基酸及高度不饱和脂肪酸DHA等是十分必要的。 相似文献
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滨海电厂温排水停止排放以及季节更替、寒潮来袭等现象会引起海水温度降低,从而对鱼类等变温生物产生冷冲击效应。本研究通过模拟水温骤降情形,以孵化率、死亡率、畸形率等为指标,探讨了温度骤降对大黄鱼早期发育阶段(鱼卵和仔鱼)的冷冲击作用。研究发现,大黄鱼仔鱼(3日龄)对温度骤降的敏感性略高于鱼卵。在大黄鱼鱼卵和仔鱼的适温范围内,当水温由22 ℃骤降至19 ℃或16 ℃时,鱼卵的孵化率和死亡率无明显变化,而胚胎发育和仔鱼的生长发育均减缓,仔鱼的死亡率提高;水温超出适温范围,由22 ℃骤降至13 ℃或10 ℃时,对鱼卵和仔鱼造成致命的冷冲击伤害,48 h累积死亡率分别为84.6%~100%和72.1%~98.2%。由此推测:当水温骤降超出适温范围后,大黄鱼的早期发育阶段遭受致命的冷冲击伤害,从而影响种群补充和年龄结构。 相似文献