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1.
传统等效线性化波动法最主要的缺陷之一是,当基岩输入地震动较强时,高频段算得的放大倍率比实际场地的实测结果明显偏低。在地震安全性评价中,该缺陷导致了低估重大工程设计地震动参数的严重后果。为弥补等效线性化方法的上述缺陷,沈建文等(2010)提出了通过震级M和距离R参数修正等效线性化的方法EQLM(M,R)。本文指出应变折减系数对计算结果的重要影响,对土层反应的等效线性化方法EQLM(M,R)做了进一步的讨论。同时结合地震安全性评价的算例,用设定地震确定了震级-距离,用EQLM(M,R)完成了土层反应的计算。 相似文献
2.
《地震研究》2021,44(4)
以某Ⅷ度设防区基岩场地地震危险性计算为基础,拟合不同随机相位的人造地震动时程作为输入,采用一维等效线性化方法,计算了Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类典型场地的土层地表地震反应。结果表明:(1)在不同地震动强度、不同随机相位基岩时程输入条件下,对不同类型场地土层地震反应计算得到的地表加速度峰值和反应谱值相对极差差别较大,地震动相位特征对土层地震反应的影响不可忽略;在反应谱特征周期2.0 s内,地表峰值和反应谱值变异系数随输入地震动强度的增大有增大趋势;(2)采用统计学方法计算给出了不同场地类别的基岩输入随机相位样本时程的必要数量,不同场地类别不同地震强度输入条件下所需要的最少样本量不同。在输入地震动强度不大(PGA0.20 g)且满足反应谱变异系数在均值加1倍标准差范围内时,不同类别场地至少需要15组不同随机相位的基岩时程,基本能满足均值统计要求;在输入地震动强度较大(PGA≥0.20 g),满足反应谱变异系数在均值加1倍标准差范围内时,至少需要30组不同随机相位的基岩时程,才能满足均值统计要求。 相似文献
3.
中硬场地对华北地区不同地震环境地震动反应谱的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《国际地震动态》2015,(9)
<正>以华北地区典型中硬工程场地为研究对象,运用一维等效线性方法进行土层地震反应分析计算,研究中硬场地对不同地震环境地震动反应谱的影响。采用地震危险性确定性分析方法得到的基岩反应谱作为输入地震动,收集华北地区中硬场地的钻孔资料、剪切波速及动三轴土样试验资料,并挑选典型的钻孔建立土层模型,进行大量的土层地震反应分析计算,从而得到多种地震环境下不同周期反应谱值的土层反应分 相似文献
4.
弹塑性时程分析一般用来评估和验算结构抗震性能,如何选取合适的输入地震动是其中关键工作之一。为给结构弹塑性时程分析选取地震动提供合理的参考参数,本文讨论了地震动反应谱参数与结构地震响应之间的相关性。首先建立了6层和7层两个钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构数值模型,分别对两个结构进行了大量地震动作用下的时程反应分析,并考察了地震反应特点;然后将结构地震响应与地震动反应谱参数建立关系并进行了相关性分析。结果表明:对RC框架而言,结构地震响应与弹性谱参数相关性较小,与等强度反应谱相关性随标准屈服强度降低而增大,与等延性反应谱相关性随延性增大而增大,而与地震动输入能量谱在标准屈服强度较小时相关性最大。建议RC框架结构在进行地震反应时程分析时,可以参考地震动的弹塑性输入能量谱、等强度速度谱和等延性加速度或位移谱,以选取引起结构不同地震反应水平的输入地震动。本文结果和结论可供结构弹塑性时程分析选取合适的输入地震动参考。 相似文献
5.
以唐山响嘡局部场地影响台阵3号测井场地(Ⅱ类场地)作为实验场地,验证用FLAC~(3D)软件方法进行土层地震反应计算的可行性。以天津塘沽某IV类场地为例,在不同地震动强度输入条件下分别采用FLAC~(3D)软件方法和等效线性化程序方法计算该场地地表地震动峰值和反应谱。计算结果表明:在输入地震动强度较小时,两种方法计算得到的结果差别不大;在输入地震动强度较大时,FLAC~(3D)方法克服了等效线性化方法低估地表地震反应(高频部分)和高估土体的非线性所造成的地表反应谱特征周期偏大问题。FLAC~(3D)方法计算得到的结果可能更符合工程实际。 相似文献
6.
福岛核事故揭示了外部自然灾害引发严重核事故的可能性,为核工程界敲响了警钟。因此,对我国运行和在建核电厂址逐步开展了抗震裕度评价(SMA)或地震概率安全评价(SPSA)工作。本文针对地震危险性分析在核工程应用中存在的问题,从设计基准地震动的确定、核电厂地震概率安全评价、超设计基准地震动安全分析3个方面进行了研究。设计基准地震动确定方面,目前存在的主要问题是某些核设施厂址确定论方法和概率论方法评价结果的显著差异。本文以我国的一些核电厂址为例,分析了确定论和概率论方法评价结果的控制性因素,分析结果表明,反应谱的周期较小时,主要受距厂址较近的发震构造(地震构造区)、潜在震源区控制;随着反应谱周期的增大,距厂址较远的区域性发震构造、高震级潜在震源区的影响逐步增大。通过分解变量MRs对地震动年平均超越概率(HT4)的相对贡献,给出了变量的边际分布和联合分布,说明了变量的分布特征,指出了评价结果差异的主要影响因素为单位面积上高震级档地震年平均发生率和衰减关系的截断水平。根据核设施结构基于性能抗震设计方法的应用要求,以地震引起堆融的年平均概率为目标,推导了反应谱调整系数公式,根据推导结果和中美两国厂址地震危险性曲线变化趋势的对比分析,建立了适用于我国的核设施结构抗震设计反应谱调整系数的近似公式。核电厂地震概率安全评价中的主要问题是概率地震危险性分析中的不确定性处理和表达。论文分析了地震动预测模型截断水平对概率地震危险性分析结果的影响,讨论了厂址地震危险性分析结果的分布形式;验证了随机振动理论方法的适用性,采用随机振动理论方法研究了土层地震反应分析中土层剖面模型参数的不确定性对评价结果的影响;介绍了美国中东部地区概率地震危险性分析认知不确定性处理采用的逻辑树方法,实现了逻辑树模型中多方案的权重确定方法,讨论了该方法的适用范围。关于认知不确定性处理,针对逻辑树模型在实际工程应用中存在的逻辑问题。基于稳定大陆地区最大震级和高震级档地震年平均发生率的研究进展,随机生成完整的地震目录,从中进行小样本抽样,分析了6值和高震级档地震年平均发生率的分布范围,研究了逻辑树模型中相互关联节点分支间的组合问题。根据稳定大陆地区最大震级先验分布的研究成果,利用破坏性地震目录计算似然函数,采用Bayesian方法,初步估计了对我国内陆核电厂址有重要影响的长江中游地震带最大震级的分布。关于抗震裕度评价中的抗震裕度地震确定问题,分析了我国核电厂址的地震危险性背景和不同堆型的抗震设计特点,以某核电厂址为例,采用多种方法确定了抗震裕度地震。根据分析计算结果,按照抗震裕度评价的目的、厂址地震危险性特征、堆型的抗震设计特点,给出了适用的方法和抗震裕度地震谱型。 相似文献
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土层对地震的随机反应分析 总被引：32，自引：1，他引：31
利用随机振动理论,本文研究了非均匀土层对地震的动力反应问题,假定土层的剪切模量随深度呈指数函数形式分布,关于基岩输入地震动加速度的功率谱密度函数,考虑了两种形式：白噪声谱和有色谱,为了比较起见,文中考虑了均匀土层的情形,数值计算表明;（１）在基岩输入地震动加速度的功率谱密度为白谱的情况下,土层的最大期望反应（相对位移,绝对加速度,剪应变）大于基岩输入地震动的功率谱为有色谱的情形;（２）在土层的上部 相似文献
8.
概率地震危险性分析方法确定的场地地震动反应谱Sa(T,(),综合考虑了场地周围潜在震源区对场地地震危险性的影响,通常称为一致概率反应谱,即不同控制周期T对应谱值的超越概率相同.在获得Sa(T,()后,还需要以Sa(T,()为目标合成用于场地土层地震反应分析或结构动力反应分析的人工地震动时程,通常步骤如下: 相似文献
9.
介绍场地时域分析基本理论和几种常见的阻尼矩阵确定方法,并基于有限差分方法,采用实际地震记录,考虑输入地震动强度和频谱特性,分别选择5种不同的瑞利阻尼矩阵形式,比较分析其对深厚场地时域动力反应的影响。结果表明:不同阻尼矩阵对加速度和反应谱均有影响,影响程度和输入地震动的频谱特性有关;当土层基频接近输入地震动卓越频率时,只根据土层基频确定阻尼矩阵是可行的,但当输入地震动卓越频率高于或远高于土层基频时,该方法会严重低估地表加速度峰值和反应谱谱值,时域分析中阻尼的确定应综合考虑土层特性和地震动频谱特性。 相似文献
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A guided wave along a borehole is often observed in borehole radar measurements. These guided waves deform the antenna pattern and can cause artefacts in radar measurements. A water-filled borehole or a conducting logging cable can function as a waveguide for electromagnetic waves under some conditions. We describe the theoretical characteristics of such a guided wave in a borehole and compare them with our experiments. The measured signal discussed was obtained with a directional borehole radar. This radar uses a cylindrical conformal array antenna as receiver and is a model of a conducting structure in a borehole. The induced field around the borehole was compared with the theory. The most fundamental symmetrical and asymmetrical modes were TM01 and HE11, and they were identified in the measured signals using time–frequency distribution analysis and by observation of the azimuthal field distribution of the magnetic field. 相似文献
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Steady flow to a well near a stream with a leaky bed 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We present an explicit analytic solution for steady, two-dimensional ground water flow to a well near a leaky streambed that penetrates the aquifer partially. Leakage from the stream is approximated as occurring along the centerline of the stream. The problem domain is infinite and pumping on one side of the stream induces flow on the other side. The solution includes the effects of uniform flow in the far field and a sloping hydraulic head in the stream. We use the solution to investigate the interaction between ground water and surface water in the stream, the effects of pumping on the opposite side of the stream, and the effects of the leaky streambed on the capture zone envelope of the well. We develop a relationship between parameters such that the pumping well will not capture water from the stream, or from the opposite side of the stream. When the discharge of the well is large enough to capture water from the stream, the shape of the capture zone envelope depends on flow conditions on the side of the stream opposite the well. 相似文献
13.
《地震研究进展（英文）》2021,1(3):100059
At present, substantial scientific research achievements have been made in the research on landslide occurrence, movement mechanism, mitigation measures, and structural stability during tunnel excavation. However, the interaction mechanism of a tunnel under-traversing a slope body with potential landslides is still not well understood. Based on the field data provided by previous investigations in the study area, six sets of 1:100 laboratory experiment model tests were conducted to study the stability of the landslide-prone zone of the slope body with an under-traversing tunnel. The selected distances between the tunnel and the sliding surface are 1.5, 3, and 5 times of the tunnel diameter, respectively. The experiment results show the interaction between the landslide-prone zone and the tunnel, elucidating the effect of potential landslides during the tunnel excavation process and the reaction of the landslide slip on the tunnel structure. Several conclusions are obtained: ① During the process of tunnel excavation, the vertical displacement of the tunnel vault decreases with the increase of the buried depth. ② The vertical displacement of the sliding surface increases with the increase of the buried depth of the tunnel. The horizontal displacement of sliding surface decreases with the increase of the buried depth. ③ After the occurrence of a rainfall-induced landslide, the vertical displacement of the tunnel vault in the 1.5-diameter-distance case is 57.29% greater than that in the 3.0-dismeter-distance case.④ For a two-cave tunnel, it is suggested that the cave farther from the landslide toe should be firstly excavated since it may generate less structural deformation. 相似文献
14.
Compared performance of a conceptual and a mechanistic hydrologic models of a green roof 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to investigate the hydrologic response of a green roof system within the urban environment, a monitoring campaign is carried out at the green roof site of the University of Genova (Italy). Experimental data confirm that the green roof is able to significantly mitigate the generation of runoff with median values of retained volume and peak reduction, respectively, equal to 94 and 98%. A conceptual linear reservoir and a simple mechanistic (Hydrus‐1D) models are implemented to simulate the hydrologic behaviour of the system; each model is calibrated and validated based on experimental data collected at the green roof site. The hydrographs simulated with both hydrologic models reproduce with acceptable matching capabilities the experimental measurements, as confirmed by the Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency index generally greater than 0·60. Although the relative percentage differences evaluated for the selected hydrograph variables (the total effluent volume, the peak flow rate and the hydrograph centroid) demonstrate that the mechanistic model is more accurate, prediction errors of the conceptual model are generally limited when compared with the observed hydrologic performance. Results of the present comparison are useful in supporting conceptual model selection in case the hydrologic response is addressed for hydrologic performance assessment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
One of the aims of sewer networks is the protection of population against floods and the reduction of pollution rejected to the receiving water during rainy events. To meet these goals, managers have to equip the sewer networks with and to set up real-time control systems. Unfortunately, a component fault (leading to intolerable behaviour of the system) or sensor fault (deteriorating the process view and disturbing the local automatism) makes the sewer network supervision delicate. In order to ensure an adequate flow management during rainy events it is essential to set up procedures capable of detecting and diagnosing these anomalies.
This article introduces a real-time fault detection method, applicable to sewer networks, for the follow-up of rainy events. This method consists in comparing the sensor response with a forecast of this response. This forecast is provided by a model and more precisely by a state estimator: a Kalman filter. This Kalman filter provides not only a flow estimate but also an entity called ‘innovation’. In order to detect abnormal operations within the network, this innovation is analysed with the binary sequential probability ratio test of Wald. Moreover, by crossing available information on several nodes of the network, a diagnosis of the detected anomalies is carried out. This method provided encouraging results during the analysis of several rains, on the sewer network of Seine-Saint-Denis County, France. 相似文献
16.
P. S. Deshwal 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1971,85(1):107-124
Summary The problem of diffraction of compressional waves by a rigid barrier of finite height fixed in a liquid half space has been studied. Wiener-Hopf technique forms the basis of the methods used to solve the problem. Exact solutions have been obtained in terms of Fourier integrals whose evaluation along an appropriate contour gives the transmitted, reflected and diffracted waves. The diffracted waves decay rapidly away from the barrier. 相似文献
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V. A. Tulin 《Seismic Instruments》2011,47(3):278-285
Provisions are determined for matching the thermostating temperature with the heater temperature as well as for installing
a sensor depending on the position of the heater. The results of theoretical analysis and comparative assessment of three
specifications of thermostats intended for use in geophysical equipment are considered. It is shown that, if the outside temperature
changes in a few tens of degrees, two of the three specifications are able to ensure consistent thermostating temperature
with an error rate not exceeding 0.010°C. According to the experiment, a “hybrid” two-step thermostat maintains the temperature
with an error rate of about 0.002°C on the condition that the outside temperature changes within 10°C. 相似文献
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Helene E. Unland Altaf M. Arain Chawn Harlow Paul R. Houser Jaime Garatuza-Payan Paul Scott Omer L. Sen W. James Shuttleworth 《水文研究》1998,12(4):527-542
Measurements of micrometeorological variables were made for a complete annual cycle using an automatic weather station and two energy budget–Bowen ratio systems at a field site adjacent to the Santa Cruz River in southern Arizona. These data were used to provide the basis of an estimate of the evaporation from a one-mile long losing reach of a riparian corridor in this semi-arid environment. A remotely sensed map of vegetation cover was used to stratify the corridor into five categories of surface cover. The total evaporation was calculated as the area-weighted average of the measured evaporation for sampled areas of the two most common covers, and appropriate estimates of evaporation for the less common covers. Measurements showed a substantial, seasonally dependent evaporation from the taller, deep-rooted riparian cover in the study reach, while the short, sparse vegetation provided little evaporation. In terms of the volume of water evaporated from the study reach, the evaporation from irrigated agriculture accounts for almost half of the total loss, while the majority of the remaining evaporation is from the taller riparian vegetation covers, with about one-quarter of the total loss estimated as coming from obligatory phreatophytes, primarily cottonwood. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献