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1.
B AJAYKUMAR K SREEDHARAN MAHESH MOHAN JOBY PAUL A P THOMAS P K K NAIR 《Journal of Earth System Science》2012,121(4):1093-1103
The climatic variability and the influence of temperature and sea level fluctuations on the earth??s surface configuration during the Holocene are being discussed all over the world. The present study evaluates the palaeo-environmental conditions of western coast of India during this epoch through the analysis of pollen grains embedded in a carbonaceous clay formation (? 0.4?C0.6?m) found sandwiched within the palaeodeposit of sand of Meenachil River basin. The carbon dating revealed that the clay formation has an age of 5786 ± 94 14C yr BP, while the embedded wood samples have the age varying in between 2888 ± 78 and 5780 ± 95 14C yr BP. The overall analysis suggests that the southwestern margin of India had experienced high intensity rainfall during the earlier part of the Atlantic chronozone due to then strengthened Asiatic monsoon, while water stagnation and hydrological modifications were observed during the later part. The dominance of weeds and lesser number of tree elements suggested a drier climate during the end of the Atlantic period. Besides, the morphometric rearrangement of the Meenachil River contemporaneous to the geomorphological modifications of the southwestern coast of India shall be classified into three categories: (1) Pre-Vembanad Lake formation, (2) Contemporaneous to lake formation and (3) Post-Lake formation. 相似文献
2.
黄河三角洲内陆到潮滩土壤中碳、氮元素的梯度分布规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄河三角洲是我国典型的通过黄河冲积泥沙填海造陆形成的近代沉积区。区域受到黄河冲积、沉积等自然过程和农业耕种熟化等人类活动的双重影响。本研究通过在黄河三角洲地区内陆到河口海湾不同距离采集典型土壤类型剖面发生层样品,探讨土壤有机碳、总氮等生源要素的空间分布规律,为阐明我国典型海岸带地区陆源碳、氮的输送及循环特征提供基础依据。研究结果表明,黄河三角洲内陆与河口地区呈现出完全不同的土壤碳、氮分布规律。表层土壤碳、氮含量在黄河沿岸及三角洲南部均表现出由陆向海逐级递减的空间分布特征,而在黄河刁口流路和清水沟流路沿行水方向有梯度升高的趋势。内陆地区土壤碳、氮与盐分呈一定的负相关关系,表明土壤碳、氮主要受到耕作熟化过程的影响;而在河口地区两者呈显著的正相关关系（p〈0.01）,表明靠近海湾地区土壤碳、氮积累可能受到细颗粒泥沙沉积和滩涂湿地厌氧等环境影响。表层土壤碳、氮比变幅在3.6~8.6之间,说明该地区土壤有机质分解较快,不利于有机碳的积累。土壤剖面中,一些特殊发生层如红色夹黏层、黑色泥炭层对土壤碳、氮的富集具有明显的作用,其中红色夹黏层的土壤碳、氮含量接近耕层土壤。总之,黄河三角洲土壤在耕作垦殖、泥沙沉积等综合作用下形成的空间分布格局以及剖面特征发生层是影响碳、氮封存、释放和增汇等循环过程的关键驱动因素。 相似文献
3.
B. Ajay Kumar Girish Gopinath M. S. Shylesh Chandran 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(5):1763-1772
The variability in ground water potential at different regions of the Meenachil River basin and the remarkable distribution of palaeodeposit of sand at its middle to lower reaches have led to interpret the sinuosity indexes of the main channel as well as the tributaries of the River for elucidating the relationship between mathematical expressions and filed observations. The measurement of digital elevation model-derived river sinuosity was carried out for 846 km2 of the basin area of Meenachil River. The drainage networks of 10 major sub-watersheds and four mini-watersheds were delineated using remote sensing data—geocoded false colour composite of Indian Remote Sensing satellite (IRS)-1D (LISS III) data with a spatial resolution of 23.5 m—coupled with the Survey of India toposheets (1:50,000). The calculation of the sinuosity indexes were carried out using Arc GIS (8.3 version) software. Hydraulic sinuosity indexes, topographic sinuosity index and standard sinuosity index were calculated. The study depicts the remarkable correlation between theoretical data sets with field observations and the influence of tectonic control on river planforms. Three structurally controlled regions of Meenachil River basin were established using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System. 相似文献
4.
Lacustrine sediments can provide potential information about environmental changes in the past. On the basis of high-resolution multi-proxy analysis including carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter, C/N ratios, inorganic carbon contents, and carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonate, together with precise 137Cs dating, the environmental evolution of Lake Chenghai, Yunnan Province, during the past 100 years has been investigated. It is shown that the carbonate in Lake Chenghai is authigenic, and the organic matter is mainly derived from aquatic plants and algae, instead of terrestrial-source materials. The environmental evolution of Lake Chenghai can be diverged into three periods with the contrasting characteristics during the past 100 years. Before 1940, the stable carbon and oxygen isotope values, the poor correlation between them and the lower carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter suggested that Lake Chenghai was open, and the lake water was oligotrophic during that period. During 1940-1993, the negative δ13C values and the gradual increase of carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter and C/N ratios indicated that the eutrophication was aggravated. The closeness of Lake Chenghai and human activities may be responsible for this eutrophication. After 1993, notable increases in carbon and oxygen isotopic values of carbonate, carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter, C/N ratios and inorganic carbon contents demonstrated that the increase of lacustrine productivity and the serious eutrophication were resulted from strong human activities. Therefore, the multi-proxy in Lake Chenghai sediments has reliably recorded the natural environmental evolution and the impacts from human activities. 相似文献
5.
珠江水体悬浮物碳稳定同位素组成与流域土壤侵蚀研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以珠江流域水体悬浮物为研究对象,对其碳稳定同位素组成(δ13C)及颗粒有机碳(POC)的含量进行了测定和研究。结果表明:河流悬浮物同位素组成与珠江流域植被分布格局、土壤有机质密切相关;珠江悬浮物碳同位素组成主要受C3植被影响,其中,西江悬浮物碳同位素组成表现出较强的C4植被特征。东江水体悬浮物碳同位素组成在洪水季节表现出较强的C4植被特征,其它季节则表现出C3植被特征;北江水体悬浮物碳同位素组成无明显的C4植被特征。东江悬浮物样品POCδ13C值呈逐年上升趋势,与近年来流域内植被破坏和土壤侵蚀加剧相对应,并显示其侵蚀程度超过西江流域。 相似文献
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吐哈盆地下侏罗统八道湾组是该盆地重要的煤炭资源产出的层位。该时期内不仅煤层发育,泥/页岩、碳质泥岩以及暗色泥岩等有利于页岩气生成的岩性也大面积发育。八道湾组泥页岩发育,最大厚度达到200m,泥岩的有机碳含量均值达到了1.85%,干酪根类型以Ⅲ型为主,有机质成熟度已经达到了大量生气的阶段,岩石的石英含量较高,有利于后期开发的实施。按照各项条件的约束,圈定托克逊、吐鲁番、七泉湖一带为煤系页岩气远景区。为本区内页岩气的进一步勘探开发提供基础资料和科学依据。 相似文献
7.
Mark A. van Zuilen Kattathu Mathew Aivo Lepland Gustaf Arrhenius 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(5):1241-1252
The problems involved with the interpretation of carbon isotopes as indicators for early life in highly metamorphosed early Archean rocks have prompted the search for additional chemical and isotopic biomarkers. Here we report an attempt to identify the origin of carbonaceous matter in the 3.8 Ga old Isua Supracrustal Belt in southern West Greenland by measuring the concentration and isotopic composition of a trapped nitrogen component. Stepped-combustion/pyrolysis-mass spectrometry of carbonaceous matter in several rock samples revealed three different reservoirs of trapped nitrogen: (1) nitrogen associated with a very small amount of reactive carbonaceous material, (2) nitrogen intercalated in graphite, correlated with intercalated radiogenic argon, (3) nitrogen strongly retained at defects or chemically bound in the graphite structure. The δ15N of nitrogen associated with reactive carbonaceous matter (ca. +6‰) overlaps with that of average Phanerozoic sedimentary organic matter, and is believed to be part of nonindigenous postmetamorphic biologic material. In situ Raman spectroscopy confirmed the high degree of crystallinity of the metamorphosed indigenous carbonaceous material, and this material is further referred to as graphite. Graphite interpreted as epigenetic (associated with Mg,Mn-siderite in metacarbonates) contains a very small strongly retained nitrogen component with a low δ15N ratio (−3 to −1‰). This range overlaps with values that are typically found in Archean kerogens, but also those of a metamorphically emplaced inorganic basaltic source. Geological constraints suggest that this graphite incorporated nitrogen from surrounding metabasaltic rocks. Graphite interpreted as syngenetic and biogenic found in a turbidite deposit is relatively similar to this Mg,Mn-siderite-derived graphite, based on degree of graphite crystallinity, amount of trapped radiogenic argon, low nitrogen concentration and δ15N signature. We conclude that nitrogen concentration and its isotope ratio in graphite cannot be used conclusively as a biomarker in these rocks from the highly metamorphosed Isua Supracrustal Belt. 相似文献
8.
P.J Müller 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1977,41(6):765-776
Analyses of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and inorganically bound ammonium (exchangeable and fixed ammonium) in two oxic deep-sea sediment cores from the Central Pacific Ocean revealed insufficiently high inorganic ammonium contents of these sediments to explain the low C/N ratios, although representing 20–45% of the total nitrogen.Both, organic carbon/total nitrogen ratios (ranging from 3.9?1.3) and organic carbon/organic nitrogen ratios (5.6?1.9) decrease with increasing sediment depth, the latter indicating a real enrichment of organic nitrogen compounds during diagenesis relative to total organic matter.Organic matter/alumina relationships indicate that this unusual preservation of organic nitrogen compounds is probably caused by sorption to clay minerals protecting them against bacterial attack. 相似文献
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Sedimentary geochemical record of historical anthropogenic activities affecting Guanabara Bay (Brazil) environmental quality 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Fábio F. Monteiro Renato C. Cordeiro Ricardo E. Santelli Wilson Machado Heitor Evangelista Leonardo S. Villar Luis C. A. Viana Edison D. Bidone 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(6):1661-1669
A sediment core from Guanabara Bay (Brazil) was analyzed for 210Pb dating, grain size, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen, carbon stable isotope ratio (δ13C), nitrogen stable isotope ratio (δ15N) and the metals Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Pb, V and Zn, to assess the influence of land use changes on the aquatic system in a
region for which large industrial and urban development is expected in the next few decades. To obtain baseline data for improving
the monitoring of the expected increase in anthropogenic impacts from surrounding drainage basins, a multivariate analysis
of data from different sediment layers was carried out to evaluate the dated sediment record. The geochemical data suggested
three different sedimentary phases along the last 200 years. Before the 1880s, the highest clay and TOC contents were observed,
where the C/N ratios and the δ13C values suggested a mixture of algal and terrestrial organic matter and the lowest concentrations of Co, Cu, Pb, V and Zn,
for which background levels were estimated (4.6, 2.7, 14.9, 24.3 and 70.2 mg kg−1, respectively). From the 1880s to the 1950s, the metal concentrations and sand particles increased, but no change in organic
matter quality was observed, reflecting a period of land use change, still without significant sewage input. After the 1950s,
the sedimentation rate increased from 0.42 to 0.77 cm year−1 and increasing urban sewage input was evidenced by lower C/N ratios, higher δ15N, decrease of Fe and Mn concentrations and increased fluxes of metals and TOC, which showed a good relationship with population
growth data. 相似文献
11.
焉耆盆地侏罗纪煤系源岩显微组分组合与生油潜力 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
焉耆盆地为我国西部含煤、含油气盆地, 侏罗系含煤地层是最重要的潜在源岩.对侏罗纪煤系中的暗色泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤层分别进行了有机岩石学、Rock-Eval热解分析和核磁共振分析.泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤层具有不同的有机岩石学和有机地球化学特征, 其中煤层具有3种有机显微组分组合类型, 不同显微组分组合类型的煤层具有不同的生油、生气潜力或倾油、倾气性.基质镜质体、角质体、孢子体等显微组分是煤中的主要生烃组分.侏罗系泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤层具有不同的生物标志物分布特征, 生物标志物组合分析表明焉耆盆地已发现原油是泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤层生成原油的混合产物.含煤地层的地球化学生烃潜力分析和已发现原油的油源对比均表明, 含煤地层不仅是重要的气源岩, 而且可成为有效的油源岩. 相似文献
12.
Dorothy Z. Oehler Franois Robert Malcolm R. Walter Kenichiro Sugitani Abigail Allwood Anders Meibom Smail Mostefaoui Madeleine Selo Aurlien Thomen Everett K. Gibson 《Precambrian Research》2009,173(1-4):70
NanoSIMS is a relatively new technology that is being applied to ancient carbonaceous structures to gain insight into their biogenicity and syngeneity. NanoSIMS studies of well preserved organic microfossils from the Neoproterozoic (0.8 Ga) Bitter Springs Formation have established elemental distributions in undisputedly biogenic structures. Results demonstrate that sub-micron scale maps of metabolically important elements (carbon [C], nitrogen [measured as CN ion], and sulfur [S]) can be correlated with kerogenous structures identified by optical microscopy. Spatial distributions of C, CN, and S in individual microfossils are nearly identical, and variations in concentrations of these elements parallel one another. In elemental maps, C, CN, and S appear as globules, aligned to form remnant walls or sheaths of fossiliferous structures. The aligned character and parallel variation of C and CN are the strongest indicators of biogenicity.Nitrogen/carbon atomic ratios (N/C) of spheroids, filaments, and remnants of a microbial mat suggest that N/C may reflect original biochemical differences, within samples of the same age and degree of alteration. Silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) maps illustrate that silica is intimately interspersed with organic carbon of the microfossils. This relationship is likely to reflect the process of silica permineralization of biological remains and thus may be an indicator of syngeneity of the fossilized material with the mineral matrix.The NanoSIMS characterization of Bitter Springs microfossils can be used as a baseline for interpreting less well preserved carbonaceous structures that might occur in older or even extraterrestrial materials. An example of such an application is provided by comparison of Bitter Springs results with NanoSIMS of Archaean carbonaceous structures from Western Australia, including a spheroid in the 3 Ga Farrel Quartzite and material in a secondary vein in the 3.43 Ga Strelley Pool Chert. Results reinforce a biogenic, syngenetic interpretation for the Archaean spheroid.NanoSIMS has several advantages in the study of ancient organic materials: the technique allows characterization of extremely small structures that are present in low concentrations; organic matter does not have to be isolated by acid treatment but can be analyzed in polished thin section; preparation is simple; samples are minimally altered during analysis; results provide sub-micron scale spatial distribution coupled with concentration information for at least five elements; the biologically important elements of carbon and nitrogen can be assessed; and the ability to study organic remains in situ permits petrographic assessment of spatial relationships between organic matter and mineral constituents. These advantages could be of significant benefit for interpretation of poorly preserved and fragmentary carbonaceous remains that might occur in some of Earth's oldest samples as well as in meteorites or extraterrestrial material brought to Earth in future planetary missions. 相似文献
13.
Soils (n=250) were collected from ten salt and brackish-water marshes of North Carolina and analyzed for organic matter content by loss on ignition (LOI) and Kjeldahl nitrogen (KN). Total organic carbon and total nitrogen were determined on the same samples using an elemental CHN analyzer. Regression analyses indicated that LOI and KN were excellent estimators of organic C (R2=0.990) and total N(R2=0.986), respectively, in low clay content (0–11%) marsh soils containing a wide range of soil organic C (0.1–28%) and total N (0–1.6%). A quadratic equation best described the relationship between organic C and organic matter (Organic C=0.40 [LOI] +0.0025 [LOI]2) while a linear model accurately described the relationship between total N and Kjeldahl N (Total N=1.048 [KN]?0.010). The proportion of organic C in organic matter (C/OM) increased with increasing soil organic matter content, probably as a result of aging. Young marshes, which are characterized by low soil organic content contain C/OM ratios similar to emergent vegetation (40–45%). In old organic soils (70–80% organic matter), C/OM increased to 57–60% due to accumulation of reduced organic materials. 相似文献
14.
Norman J. Hyne 《Environmental Geology》1978,2(5):279-287
The bottom sediments of two reservoirs, one with significant river sediment input and one without, were analyzed for organic
matter content. Lake Texoma sediments average 1.0% organic carbon, of which 0.26% organic carbon is deposited by the river
sediments of the Red and Washita River deltas. In Fort Gibson reservoir, where there is minimal river sediment input, the
organic carbon averages 1.2% and is deposited with a strong correlation to water depth (+0.9). There is a significant difference
between the C/N ratio of Lake Texoma sediments (11.5) and Fort Gibson sediments (9.6). The higher C/N ratio is suggested to
be a result of the larger input of terrestrial plant debris (with a high original C/N ratio) by the rivers draining into Lake
Texoma and the relatively high resistance of the lignin material in the plant debris to decomposition in the reservoir sediments. 相似文献
15.
以漓江流域境内地表河和地下河为研究对象，通过测定、分析水体中的水化学组成以及δ13CDIC、δ15N-NO3-、δ18O-NO3-等，利用同位素质量平衡混合模型，初步探讨了漓江流域境内DIC、硝酸盐的分布特征及其来源.结果表明:漓江流域DIC（即HCO3-）浓度和无机碳稳定同位素（δ13CDIC）分别在12.20~402.60 mg·L-1和-17.29‰~-10.01‰，平均值分别为140.3 mg·L-1和-13.06‰.NO3-浓度在2.37~35.38 mg·L-1，δ15N-NO3-在0.99‰~11.09‰，均展现出明显的空间变异特征.有机肥和污水对漓江流域硝酸盐的贡献最为显著，贡献比达57.00%.其次是化肥、降雨中的NH4+和土壤N，贡献比分别是36.45%，6.55%.流域内DIC主要来源于碳酸盐岩的风化和土壤CO2的溶解，同时也受硝酸溶蚀碳酸盐岩和大气CO2的影响.结果可为定制有效的控制硝酸盐的输入途径，净化水质测略提供依据. 相似文献
16.
大塘坡组锰矿石由菱锰矿内碎屑和碳泥质基质组成。菱锰矿内碎屑是浅水沉积环境中的锰质沉积物破碎而成。它们沿着盆地斜坡流入深水地区与碳、粘土和粉砂沉积在一起形成内碎屑菱锰矿。一部分矿石有递变层理,具有浊流沉积特征。 相似文献
17.
Po-Chao Wu Gwo-Ching Gong Jun-Shiang Cheng Kon-Kee Liu Shuh-Ji Kao 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2016,22(4):291-311
The Danshuei River flows through the heavily populated metropolitan area of Taipei and New Taipei cities, which causes remarkable additions of nutrient elements. In spite of the rather short residence time of water, the Danshuei estuary is distinctive for the very high ammonium concentration and extensive hypoxia in its lower reach. Because particulate organic matter (POM) is potentially the culprit of hypoxia, we investigate the isotopic characteristics of POM collected in February and July 2009 at a fixed station over four semidiurnal tidal cycles. By using nitrogen isotopic composition and C/N ratio of POM, we derive the relative contributions of POM from different sources. One potential source that combines dead and living phytoplankton, phytodetritus, has δ15N values that can be predicted by the δ15N of ammonium and the isotope effect during ammonium uptake; however, the isotope effect is concentration dependent. We employ a three-end-member mixing model based on δ15N and C/N ratio to calculate the fractional contributions from three major POM sources, i.e., phytodetritus, soil, and sediment. Sensitivity test was conducted for the derivations from both carbon and nitrogen basis. For February 2009 we found the three fractions (in terms of contribution to the particulate organic carbon) to be 45 ± 19, 10 ± 11 and 45 ± 13 %, respectively; for July 2009, 71 ± 18, 11 ± 10 and 18 ± 13 %, respectively. The results imply that phytodetritus is probably the major culprit for the hypoxic conditions in the estuary, especially, in summer. 相似文献
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金沙江中游云南龙街粉砂层沉积环境演化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
沿金沙江攀枝花三堆子至武定县白马口段河谷两岸分布一套以灰黑色、灰黄色、灰白色粉砂、粘土质粉砂和粘土为主的湖相地层,尤以云南省元谋县龙街盆地内最为发育,被称为龙街粉砂层。通过龙街YA钻孔和龙街、白泥湾剖面的磁性地层学和光释光年代学的研究,探讨龙街粉砂层的时代与归属。龙街YA钻孔地层厚度101.18m,其中龙街粉砂层厚92.96m,上覆7.5m的红棕色细砂和砂砾石层,下伏厚度大于0.72m的灰绿色含角砾粗砂。综合分析YA钻孔的磁性地层学和光释光年龄,认为获取龙街粉砂层的沉积时代为150~30ka BP,属于晚更新世。通过地层沉积特征变化,反演晚更新世以来湖泊的形成及沉积环境变化,探讨晚更新世以来区域新构造的活动阶段及其对河流演化过程的控制作用。 相似文献