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城市污水与海水混合过程中有机污染物的转移 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
以３种不同混合体系模拟研究了城市污水与海水混合过程中有机污染物的转移。在“污水颗粒物－过滤海水”体系中，颗粒态有机物有一定的释放，释放率约在０．０２－０．０４ｄ－１之间。释放过程可用交换平衡动力学模式描述。在“天然海水－过滤污水”和“海水－污水”给 体系中，未发现有机污染和有明显的吸附或释放。在这３种混合体系中均发现化学耗氧量（ＣＯＤ）的降解现象，降解过程符合一级动力学方程，降解速率常数在０．０４ 相似文献
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本文模拟研究了污水颗粒物－海水体系中磷的转移过程。污水颗粒物与海水混合之后先是快速吸附磷，之后即以约０．３ｄ＾－１的速率进行释放。总过程仍表现为磷的释放。磷的吸附－释放属于离子交换性质，可用交换平衡动力学模式表示。溶解磷含量的增加速率符合一级动力学方程。 相似文献
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湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足 相似文献
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水体富营养化的生化防治机理——污水深度处理与脱氮除磷 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
由于人类生活生产活动的范围日益扩大 ,大量高含氮、磷的生活废水和工业污水排入江河、湖泊及海域中 ,引起水体富营养化 ,从而导致赤潮等灾害频繁发生。因此分析富营养化机理 ,探索污水的处理方法 ,减少水体的富营养化已成为迫切的问题。１富营养化危害与藻类形成１．１富营养化危害水体富营养化作用 (ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃａｔｉｏｎ)是指含大量氮、磷(含Ｎ＞０．２～０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ,含Ｐ＞０．０１～０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ)的工业污水或生活废水排入江河、湖泊或海域中时 ,水体出现的富营养状态。当富营养水体有适当的生物、水文、气象条件时 ,水… 相似文献
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本实验以栉孔扇贝为材料，对栉孔扇贝亲贝、幼虫，进行０．０５～０．９Ｔ不同磁场强度的磁化水培育试验．实验结果表明：磁化水对亲贝蓄养有明显促进性腺发育成熟的作用；磁化水组性腺指数比对照组提高３．５×１０－２．孵化率也大大提高，比对照组提高１６×１０－２．对扇贝幼虫生长发育的影响，在０．３～０．７Ｔ的磁化水范围内，幼虫生长较快，成活率最高，其中０．６Ｔ最好。然后又进行０．６Ｔ生产性应用试验，通过３ａ应用，磁化水组比对照组幼虫成活率可提高１８×１０－２，附着变态率比对照组提高２７×１０－２，单位水体出苗量比对照组提高５０×１０－２左右。另外，磁化水也有明显改善育苗木质的作用，从而保证了扇贝育苗稳产高产。 相似文献
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太湖五里湖沉降通量及其有机质分解率研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
为了进一步探索重富营养化湖泊水质形成机理,１９９６年７月１９日－９月２日,在太湖北端湖湾重富营养化水体－－五里湖中层水体进行了试验。通过对微分方程的积分与数理统计分析,确定了该湖区该时段平均沉降通量为４０５ｇｄ＾－１ｍ＾－２,其中有机质沉降通量是无机沉降通量的３倍,有机质初始分解率为０．０１２５１ｈ＾－１,长期分解率为０．００６６２ｈ＾－１,１个月的时间就有８０％的有机质分解掉。这种作用造成许多重 相似文献
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１９９０年５月湄州海域溶解态Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ的含量范围分别为０．５１－１．６８、０．０３７－０．９６４和０．０１０－０．０７３μｇ／ｄｍ＾３，１０月的对应值分别为０．４８－１．２５，０．０１９－０．９８９和０．０２０－０．０４５μｇ／ｄｍ＾３。５月和１０月Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ含量的分布除了与不同水系消长的影响有关外，还与人类活动和生物因素的影响有关。 相似文献
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厦门港表层沉积物对海水中铅的吸附动力学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
模拟研究厦门港表层沉积物对海水中Ｐｂ的吸附动力学及水环境条件的影响,当海水温度由２０－３０℃、ＰＨ５－８和盐度３０－４变化时,吸附速率分别提高约５０％、、个数量和５倍。吸附速率与盐度之间呈负指数相关关系。吸附过程可用交换吸附动力学模式描述。测定吸附速率常数、表观活化能和平衡吸附量等参数研究表明,沉积物对Ｐｂ的吸附性质以华东作用为主。 相似文献
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The behavior of dissolved cadmium (Cd) in the Danube estuary was investigated through field sampling and mixing experiments using Danube River water and Black Sea water. The experiments were performed by mixing these two end-member waters in various proportions, with the addition of stable or radioactive Cd to the freshwater Danube end-member prior to the mixing. The release of Cd that resulted in maximum concentrations under field conditions was well simulated by mixing experiments. The experimental results were modeled assuming that the release of Cd was the sum of the contribution of physical effects resulting from dilution effects and the contribution of chemical effects resulting from dissolved Cd-complex formation (and isotopic exchange when concerned). In the absence of dissolved Cd-complexing ligands, the release of Cd due to the dilution of the particulate phase during mixing could explain part of the maximum concentrations observed in field conditions. Kinetic effects were established by comparing the theoretical and measured contribution of chemical effects resulting from dissolved Cd-complex formation. The non-equilibrium state observed during the mixing experiment suggested the presence of particulate labile Cd that was not easily mobilized. All these features supported the hypothesis that Cd released in estuaries is controlled both by the dilution of the particulate phase and by kinetic competitive complexation between particulate ligands (covering a large spectrum of nature and strength) and dissolved ligands. 相似文献
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Transfer and transport of phosphorus and silica in the turbidity maximum zone of the Changjiang estuary 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), sedimentation flux, and various forms of phosphorus and silica in turbidity maximum zone (TMZ) in the Changjiang (Yangtze) estuary was studied. Based on the budget of P and Si, their mass balances in the TMZ were calculated. Results show that the variation in concentration of dissolved inorganic silicon (DISi) was mainly controlled by seawater dilution, while that of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) was considerably affected by the buffering of suspended matter and sediment. Our experiments showed that the sedimentation fluxes of SPM and particulate inorganic phosphorus (PIP), total particulate phosphorus (TPP), particulate inorganic silicon (PISi), and biological silicon (BSi) in the TMZ were 238.4 g m−2 d−1 and 28.3, 43.1, 79.0, 63.0 mg m−2 d−1, respectively. In addition, a simple method to estimate the ratio of resuspension of sediment in the TMZ was established, with which the rate in surface and bottom waters of the TMZ accounted for 55.7 and 66.1% of the total SPM, respectively, indicating that the sediment resuspension in the TMZ influenced significantly the mass balances of P and Si. Particulate adsorbed P (60.8%) and 35.5% of total particulate P discharged from the river were filtered and then deposited in the TMZ. The input flux of PIP from the river mouth was 55.9% of that of DIP, being important as biologically available P, while that of PISi was only 3.5% of DISi, showing that particulate adsorbed Si was much less important than particulate adsorbed P. 相似文献
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Phosphorus dynamics in Tokyo Bay waters were investigated along with other oceanographic variables. Seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and particulate phosphorus (PP) are inversely correlated with each other, and reflect variation in biological activity. A high concentration of PP in summer surface waters is caused by high primary production. The PP settled in the deeper layer is decomposed, and orthophosphate is regenerated within the water column and in sediments. Even during summer stratification period, the regenerated orthophosphate is occasionally advected upward by wind-induced water mixing and contributes to phytoplankton growth in the upper layer. Some dissolved organic phosphorus is producedin situ from PP, but it may be rapidly decomposed in the water column. The ratios of Cchlorophylla and CN in particulate matter suggest that phytoplankton in the summer surface waters of Tokyo Bay are limited neither by nitrogen nor by phosphorus. The PN ratio in particulate matter varies substantially but it is positively correlated with the ambient concentration of DIP. Phytoplankton take up and store phosphorus within their cells when ambient DIP exceeds their demand. An abundance of total phosphorus in the summer water column can be attributed to increased discharge of river waters, although enhanced release of orthophosphate from anoxic sediments cannot be discounted. 相似文献
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Cycling of phosphorus in the Jiaozhou Bay 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP ),dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP ),particulate inorganic phosphorus (P IP ) and particulate organic phosphorus (P OP ) in the Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) and its adjacent major rivers were analyzed during 2001–2003.DIP was the major form of dissolved phosphorus in JZB,representing 62%–83% of the total dissolved phosphorus (T DP ),and the P IP concentration generally exceeded the P OP concentration.The concentrations of phosphorus were higher in the north than in the south of th... 相似文献
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分别采用硫酸过硫酸钾作为氧化剂进行高压消解和用浓度为1 mol/dm3盐酸浸泡提取,然后用磷钼蓝分光光度法测定海水悬浮颗粒物、沉积物中的总磷和无机磷,用差减法得到有机磷。悬浮颗粒物总磷(PTP)和无机磷(PIP)质量浓度分别为(632.4～651.7)×10-6和(436.6～452.6)×10-6时,其相对标准偏差小于1.44%。悬浮颗粒物总磷、无机磷和有机磷的回收率分别为97.2%～101.3%,97.8%～100.4%和97.3%～102.3%。所建立的分析方法可用于海水、河口水悬浮颗粒物及沉积物中不同形态磷的测定。 相似文献