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《地球物理学进展》2020,(2)
等值反磁通原理瞬变电磁法(OCTEM)的应用日益普遍.为了研究其探测能力,论文基于正演层状模型的瞬变二次磁场时间导数响应,以包含薄层的响应和不包含薄层的背景响应的相对误差作为评价指标,对比分析了不同埋深、不同厚度、不同电阻率薄层以及不同电阻率围岩等情况下的瞬变电磁响应相对异常.结果表明:OCTEM对低阻薄层较对高阻薄层更敏感,薄层与围岩电阻率差异越大,薄层厚度与埋深比越大,越容易被探测到.以响应相对异常值15%作为临界标准探讨了OCTEM方法的探测能力(薄层厚度与可探测埋深的百分比):对于低阻薄层,当与围岩电阻率比值为0.1时,OCTEM探测能力约为1.5%;对于高阻薄层,当与围岩电阻率比值为10时,OCTEM探测能力约为20%.相同情况下常规单磁源瞬变电磁法的探测能力分别为2%和25%,略低于OCTEM对薄层的分辨能力. 相似文献
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从全空间中心回线源响应公式出发,推导了全空间晚期和全区视电阻率公式;通过与半空间公式比较和对实测资料的分析,研究了全空间视电阻率公式的应用效果.结果显示,全空间视电阻率为半空间视电阻率的(5/2)2/3倍,其晚期视电阻率与真值的相对误差小于0.56%,而相应的半空间视电阻率与真值误差均大于42%.与常规解释方法相比,采用全空间全区视电阻率换算方法能更好地圈定低阻异常范围,且电阻率差异大.因此,该公式更适用于矿井瞬变电磁法资料处理与解释,并具有更好的效果. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(4)
瞬变电磁(TEM)视电阻率早、晚期计算公式在求取时进行了简化近似,造成部分地电信息的失真.瞬变电磁响应信号衰减过程与介质的电性特征有关,由此引入瞬变电磁响应微分衰减速度和二阶微分衰减速度两个解释参数,力图避开视电阻率计算,以衰减速度表示瞬变电磁探测结果的电性特征.首先研究了不同导电均匀半空间与低阻目标体地电模型瞬变电磁响应微分衰减速度在时间上的变化特征,在此基础上对瞬变电磁响应二阶微分衰减速度进行了分析,通过绘制TEM二阶微分衰减拟断面图实现了低阻目标体地电模型的电性层划分.研究结果表明:电性分界面与二阶微分衰减的"0"等值线相对应,可以用"0"值等值线作为电性分界面的划分依据,即瞬变电磁微分解释方法能够区分不同地电断面,可以用于瞬变电磁探测成果解释. 相似文献
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研究全空间效应的影响因素及变化规律,可以有效地丰富地下瞬变电磁法的正、反演理论体系.为此,首先建立层状全空间模型,推导了全空间的瞬变电磁响应公式,采用快速汉克尔变换和余弦变换求出了回线中心处的感应电动势,对比分析了叠加方法得到的全空间响应,并引入全区视电阻率来分析瞬变电磁场扩散规律和全空间效应影响因素,最后通过实测模型来验证模型的计算效果.结果表明,层状全空间模型计算出的响应值相对误差低于3％,精度较高;叠加方法计算的瞬变电磁响应不是真正的全空间,且全空间响应均大于半空间响应的值;在低阻层存在时,全空间响应早期受电阻率和厚度的影响较强烈,由此发现在全空间条件下减少巷道内低电阻率干扰体是减小盲区的重要手段;在超高阻层存在时,半空间响应仅仅是全空间条件下观测点以上的地层电阻率为无穷大的特殊情况;低阻目标层的视电阻率受目标层埋深与层厚差异的影响,若埋深与厚度相差小则分层效果越好;实测数据的建模结果显示计算方法有一定的正确性.本研究填补了矿井瞬变电磁一维全空间响应研究内容,为实际应用提供了验算基础. 相似文献
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S-s方式瞬变电磁测深资料处理方法研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据半无限均匀介质空间中电磁场的表达式,本文分析了S-s方式瞬变电磁测深法的全区视电阻率定义的基本性质并讨论了求解方法.在此基础上,引入了基于感应电动势的"虚拟全区视电阻率"概念,从而解决了全区视电阻率的解的唯一性和存在性等问题.理论算例表明,"虚拟全区视电阻率"能较好的反映地下一维电性层电性垂向变化特征,故对瞬变电磁测深资料的定性解释有一定的实际应用价值,同时对一维反演(构制初始模型和确立目标函数)也有重要意义. 相似文献
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层状介质中地下瞬变电磁场全空间效应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
全空间效应是矿井瞬变电磁方法固有的特殊理论问题之一.建立了3种典型的层状地质模型,采用时域有限差分法求解Maxwell方程,并引入电磁波衰减因子EA(dB),来分析全空间效应的影响特征及影响因素.研究结果表明,地下瞬变电磁法工作装置中,分离回线装置对低阻目标层的探测效果优于重叠回线装置;相对于半空间低阻层瞬变响应,全空间低阻层瞬变响应的时间范围更宽,因而需要更长的观测时间;全空间效应影响因素为顶、底板内低阻层相对电阻率差异大小和目标层深度与厚度,当目标层电阻率大于顶板内低阻层电阻率时,所观测响应主要为低阻层响应,此时将会增大资料解释的难度.此外,研究还显示,瞬变电磁法对低阻层的纵向分辨率与低阻层厚度相关,厚度越小分辨率越高,当厚度较大时,其纵向分辨能力较差.研究成果为实际工作参数选择及资料处理与解释提供了参考. 相似文献
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在黑龙江下嘎来奥伊河上游铅锌多金属矿区应用VTEM系统开展航空瞬变电磁、航磁测量,对比分析航空瞬变电磁dB/dt、时间常数、视电阻率及航磁ΔT、反演视磁化率特征与已知矿体地质特征的关系,探索航空瞬变电磁、航磁测量在该类型矿床的探测效果.结果表明航空瞬变电磁、航磁异常与已知矿体吻合度高,在已知铅锌矿体位置,航空瞬变电磁dB/dt呈明显单峰异常,时间常数为高值区,视电阻率为低值区;在已知铁矿体位置,航磁异常明显,反演视磁化率为高值区.总结该矿床航空瞬变电磁、航磁异常特征,建立找矿标志,进行找矿预测,有效地指导了下一步外围找矿工作.本次研究为在大兴安岭高覆盖地区寻找同类多金属矿产提供了一种高效的勘查方法. 相似文献
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多通道瞬变电磁法由于采用伪随机编码发射、最佳匹配相干解码技术,所以相比于传统时间域电磁方法勘探深度大且抗干扰能力强,是目前地面资源勘查领域的研究热点.针对内蒙兴安盟某铅锌银矿埋藏深度大等特点,首先根据矿区资料建立一维以及二维模型,数值计算脉冲响应并分析其特征,说明多通道瞬变电磁对于大埋深低阻异常体有良好的反映,随后通过多通道瞬变电磁技术对矿区进行实例勘查,数据处理过程中利用了反卷积的方法提取大地脉冲响应,根据轴向大地脉冲响应的峰值时刻计算视电阻率,通过对视电阻率进行全波形反演得到解释剖面,与测区钻孔资料对比分析证明,多通道瞬变电磁法是反映深部低阻异常体的有效手段. 相似文献
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深度视电阻率成像是航空瞬变电磁法中数据处理及分析的重要过程,能够提供具有参考价值的导体深度、垂向延伸等信息,并能准确提供每条航空瞬变电磁测量系统测线上的一维层状介质视导电率结构断面.而航空瞬变电磁法作为一种先进的地球物理勘探技术,近年来在国外多金属矿产勘查中应用效果显著.本文简要介绍了视电阻率的分析处理方法,以几组不同导体的MAXWELL板状模型为例,计算一维视电阻率深度,得到直观的视电阻率深度成像图.此项技术首次在黄土坡矿床开展测量试验的处理中,获得良好的效果,加快了航空瞬变电磁法的处理工作进程. 相似文献
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电阻率各向异性的研究 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
龙海丽 《地震地磁观测与研究》2003,24(3):27-31
概述了国内外有关地电阻率各向异性实验方面的研究现状，总结了迄今所提出的地电阻率各向异性产生的机理；提出存在的问题和以后的发展方向等。 相似文献
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With the advancement in oil exploration,producible oil and gas are being found in low resistivity reservoirs,which may otherwise be erroneously thought as water zones from their resistivity.However,the evaluation of low resistivity reservoirs remains difficult from log interpretation.Since low resistivity in hydrocarbon bearing sands can be caused by dispersed clay,laminated shale,conductive matrix grains,microscopic capillary pores and high saline water,a new resistivity model is required for more accurate hydrocarbon saturation prediction for low resistivity formations.Herein,a generalized effective medium resistivity model has been proposed for low resistivity reservoirs,based on experimental measurements on artificial low resistivity shaly sand samples,symmetrical anisotropic effective medium theory for resistivity interpretations,and geneses and conductance mechanisms of low resistivity reservoirs.By analyzing effects of some factors on the proposed model,we show theoretically the model can describe conductance mechanisms of low resistivity reservoirs with five geneses.Also,shale distribution largely affects water saturation predicted by the model.Resistivity index decreases as fraction and conductivity of laminated shale,or fraction of dispersed clay,or conductivity of rock matrix grains increases.Resistivity index decreases as matrix percolation exponent,or percolation rate of capillary bound water increases,and as percolation exponent of capillary bound water,or matrix percolation rate,or free water percolation rate decreases.Rock sample data from low resistivity reservoirs with different geneses and interpretation results for log data show that the proposed model can be applied in low resistivity reservoirs containing high salinity water,dispersed clay,microscopic capillary pores,laminated shale and conductive matrix grains,and thus is considered as a generalized resistivity model for low resistivity reservoir evaluation. 相似文献
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The goal of cathodic protection is to prevent corrosion by maintaining buried pipelines at a constant potential with respect to the surrounding soil. In practice, however, the implementation is very complicated since many factors can contribute to the current flowing off the pipe. Design requires characterization of the parameters impacting the corrosion process, such as soil resistivity, size of the pipe and quality of the coating.In the present paper, we have studied the effect of geomagnetic fields on the pipe-induced currents considering it as an additional cause of corrosion. A theoretical method implemented to model the induced currents was tested in a previous work and the effect during disturbed days was quantified. This theoretical model indicated that the intensity of the current induced in a pipeline by the varying geomagnetic field depends on the intensity and rate of change of the field and the electrical resistivity of the soil. This induced current is in equilibrium with the host current and there is no current drainage between the pipeline and the host until, along the length of the pipeline, the host resistivity becomes different. At that point, current must flow between the pipe and host in order to establish a new equilibrium. It is this drainage current, flowing between the pipeline and the host, which causes corrosion problems.Following these results, experimental tests were performed in Tierra del Fuego. In this zone, a geophysical study was made to determine the discontinuities in soil resistivities and simultaneous measurements of the geomagnetic field and the drainage of current were recorded at different sites. The results obtained from the correlation of the data are consistent with the theoretical predictions. 相似文献
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《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)
Through-casing resistivity logging (TCRL) is a new kind of logging method for formation evaluation,reservoir monitoring and saturation changes tracking. In this paper,the basic principle of TCRL is de-tailed,and the modified transmission line equation method (MTLEM) is first proposed in China. The MTLEM has been employed to simulate the responses of TCRL,on the basis of which,the effects of formation resistivity,cement and casing on the responses of TCRL are analyzed,and the signals in-duced in different formations are also calculated,which can help the design of TCRL tool and data processing and interpretation in China. 相似文献
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过套管电阻率测井是通过测量套管壁电势实现测量地层的视电阻率,基于传输线方程理论,针对层状地层,给出了套管壁电势、电流对地层横向电阻导数的微分方程(称Jacobi矩阵微分方程)及边界条件;利用Jacobi矩阵微分方程边值问题导出了过套管电阻率测井反演地层参数的Jacobi矩阵系数的解析表示,利用Marquardt方法实现了过套管测井的地层电阻率反演;通过计算对Jacobi矩阵的特性进行了探讨,并获得了较快的计算速度(因为Jacobi矩阵是用解析解表示的),反演结果与地层模型取得了较好的逼近.本文实现了过套管电阻率测井地层参数的Jacobi系数矩阵的快速计算及地层电阻率反演,为进一步开展电阻率测井数据处理提供了理论依据和快速反演算法. 相似文献
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George V. Keller 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1975,10(3):201-208
The use of Schlumberger and dipole arrays for crustal-scale resistivity soundings is considered. Advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are described. The depth to which resistivity may be determined from field measurements is discussed as well as the determination from the sounding curves of various parameters associated with layered structure. The interpretation of experimental data using reference curves as well as two approaches used in computer assisted interpretation are discussed. 相似文献
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Numerical simulation of resistivity logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool response provides guidance for designing novel logging instruments and interpreting real-time logging data. In this paper, based on self-adaptive hp-finite element method (hp-FEM) algorithm, we analyze LWD tool response against model parameters and briefly illustrate geosteering capabilities of directional resistivity LWD. Numerical simulation results indicate that the change of source spacing is of obvious influence on the investigation depth and detecting precision of resistivity LWD tool; the change of frequency can improve the resolution of low-resistivity formation and high-resistivity formation. The simulation results also indicate that the self-adaptive hp-FEM algorithm has good convergence speed and calculation accuracy to guide the geologic steering drilling and it is suitable to simulate the response of resistivity LWD tools. 相似文献