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地表点电流对地电阻率观测的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《国际地震动态》2015,(9)
<正>将地电阻率台站地下介质简化为水平层状均匀介质模型,以点电流模拟地表干扰电流源,针对对称四极观测装置,利用转换函数滤波器法计算电流大小、方位角、距离对地电阻率观测的影响。(1)计算方法。地电阻率采用对称四极观测装置,AB为供电电极,MN为测量电极,电极均位于地表,测区采用EW和NS两个相互垂直测向布极,中心点为O。选择理论对称四极装置的奥尼尔滤波器(O’Neill20),依据姚文斌(1989)利用转换函数滤波器法计算地电阻率表达式计算对称四极装置地电阻 相似文献
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井下地电阻率观测影响系数分析——以江宁地震台为例 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用水平层状均匀介质中点电源位于任意深度时的电位解析表达式,以江宁台3层电性结构为例,分析了井下对称四极地电阻率观测时各层影响系数随深度、极距的变化,并结合探测深度探讨了实施井下观测时影响系数在选择供电极距和电极埋深时的作用。结果表明,对于"K"型电性结构,江宁台井下观测对地表、浅层干扰有较强的抑制作用,其短极距观测对地表、浅层干扰的抑制能力显著优于长极距观测;长极距观测在电极埋深H小于100m时对地表介质季节性的干扰具有放大作用;浅层影响系数一定时,电极埋深和供电极距需同时增加;江宁台井下观测供电极距AB/2取100～150m、电极埋深H为250m较为合理。 相似文献
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地电阻率与地下水位,大气降水关系研究 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
用固定的地面对称四极装置进行的地电阻率观测,是测量地表以下一定深度范围内介质的电性变化。对于定点测量而言,横向不均匀性不是主要矛盾。因此,电测深资料的数值解释是以层状水平延伸介质为理论模型。在垂向不均匀的电性剖面中,任意一层真电阻率的改变,都会使视电... 相似文献
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井下视电阻率观测影响系数分析 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
采用水平层状均匀介质中点电流源位于任意深度时电位解析表达式,分析了井下对称四极视电阻率观测时影响系数随深度和极距的变化。结果表明对于固定的观测极距,影响系数与电极埋深之间关系复杂;对于某些电性结构和在一定深度范围内,井下观测对表层干扰具有放大作用。对于固定的电极埋深,小极距观测主要体现观测装置所在处的介质层信息,深部介质的影响系数随着极距的加大而增加,浅层影响系数一般先上升后下降;观测极距足够大时,井下观测影响系数逐渐接近于地表观测的影响系数,井下观测的优势得不到体现。本文以天水台为例讨论了实施井下观测时影响系数在选择供电极距和电极埋深过程中的应用。分析结果对在不同电性结构中实施井下地电观测时具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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本文利用高精度的多层水平层状介质视电阻率计算公式,模拟了不同结构剖面、不同装置极距、不同规律的真电阻率变化,以及这种变化在介质中所处不同部位条件下地表视电阻率变化的计算结果;讨论了发生于介质中的真电阻率随时间变化在上述各种不同条件下,与在地表观测到的地电阻率(即视电阻率)变化两者之间的关系;指出为了解次异常变化与干扰变化的识别问题,应当将现行单一极距观测改造为多极距观测,并研究和发展相应的地电阻率随时间变化的反演技术和方法,以促进地电阻率法预报地震从看图识字的被动状态向物理预报方向转化。 相似文献
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针对我国地震监测预报中固定地点和固定观测装置及参数的视电阻率观测,给出了半空间倾斜各向异性介质中电阻率对称四极观测的理论探测深度,研究了地震前兆信息的检测深度问题,得到：(1)在强地震、孕震晚期阶段,在震中区及附近可检测到地壳近地表较深部介质的电阻率变化,其深度大于或远大于均匀介质之;(2)震级、震中距、观测方向不同或在不同的孕震阶段,探测深度存在差异,甚至存在大的差异,且是动态变化的.并依据理论探测深度讨论了地震视电阻率前兆变化的复杂性、地电台址电性条件等问题. 相似文献
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通过对海安地震台深埋电极和表层电极对比观测结果进行分析,发现相对表层电极观测,深埋电极观测能有效降低表层影响系数,对改善年变特征具有很好的效果,并且在避免表层干扰和提高观测精度上具有明显意义。深埋电极观测方式为解决地电阻率场地中的金属干扰、降雨影响等提供新的思路。 相似文献
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对井下地电阻率观测的探测深度进行了研究,计算了均匀半空间和给定结构参数的水平层状介质模型在不同装置电极埋深下的探测深度,分析了探测深度与装置电极埋深和介质电阻率结构之间的关系,得到如下结果:①与地表观测相比,在供电极距为1 km左右时,探测深度随装置电极埋深的增大而增大,且增大的速度与装置电极埋深密切相关;当装置电极埋深h < 100 m时,探测深度的增大速度远小于装置电极埋深h≥100 m时. ②当装置电极埋深h < 50 m时,与地表观测相比探测深度增加很小,不超过10 m;当装置电极埋深相同时,供电极距越大,与地表观测相比探测深度增加得越小. ③对于水平层状电阻率均匀分层结构,在装置电极埋深相同的情况下,下伏低阻结构的探测深度显著大于下伏高阻结构.本文的研究结果表明,为了观测到深部电阻率的变化情况,首先需要查明测区电性结构,再进行综合分析,以确定井下地电阻率观测的装置电极埋深,其结果为深部电阻率变化研究提供了理论基础. 相似文献
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以平凉井下地电观测装置为例,采用有限元数值模拟的方法分析地电阻率观测装置布设与金属管线类干扰的关系。结果表明：(1)垂直于测线方向的金属管线对地电阻率观测的影响明显小于平行于测线方向的影响,最有效的抑制方法是增大金属管线的避让距离。(2)金属管线位于布极中心区域时,加深电极埋深并不一定能有效抑制干扰;对于金属管线垂直于测线方向的情况效果是显著的,但对于平行于测线方向的情况效果并不理想。(3)金属管线对井下地电阻率观测的影响是相对复杂的,它与装置系统(观测极距、电极埋深)、分层介质电性结构、金属管线自身的属性(电导率、横截面积、长度、距离)等因素有关。本研究方法可以快速判定资料异常变化的性质,对异常跟踪工作具有一定的参考意义,还可以为新建井下地电观测装置提供理论依据,从而提高台站的观测效能。 相似文献
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江宁地电台深井地电阻率观测系统分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
江宁地电台在原址开展地电观测抗干扰保护工程,采取缩短极距和电极深埋来减轻地铁和蔬菜大棚的影响。本文介绍了江宁地电台深井地电阻率观测系统场地布设方式、安装技术要求和施工要点,并讨论深井观测存在的问题。通过分析试运行1年的深井地电阻率观测数据,发现采用深井观测可减少干扰、缓解地电观测与经济建设的矛盾,是地电观测的重要发展方向之一。 相似文献
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A validation experiment, carried out in a scaled field setting, was attempted for the long electrode electrical resistivity tomography method in order to demonstrate the performance of the technique in imaging a simple buried target. The experiment was an approximately 1/17 scale mock‐up of a region encompassing a buried nuclear waste tank on the Hanford site. The target of focus was constructed by manually forming a simulated plume within the vadose zone using a tank waste simulant. The long electrode results were compared to results from conventional point electrodes on the surface and buried within the survey domain. Using a pole‐pole array, both point and long electrode imaging techniques identified the lateral extents of the pre‐formed plume with reasonable fidelity but the long electrode method was handicapped in reconstructing vertical boundaries. The pole‐dipole and dipole‐dipole arrays were also tested with the long electrode method and were shown to have the least favourable target properties, including the position of the reconstructed plume relative to the known plume and the intensity of false positive targets. The poor performance of the pole‐dipole and dipole‐dipole arrays was attributed to an inexhaustive and non‐optimal coverage of data at key electrodes, as well as an increased noise for electrode combinations with high geometric factors. However, when comparing the model resolution matrix among the different acquisition strategies, the pole‐dipole and dipole‐dipole arrays using long electrodes were shown to have significantly higher average and maximum values within the matrix than any pole‐pole array. The model resolution describes how well the inversion model resolves the subsurface. Given the model resolution performance of the pole‐dipole and dipole‐dipole arrays, it may be worth investing in tools to understand the optimum subset of randomly distributed electrode pairs to produce maximum performance from the inversion model. 相似文献
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针对我国地震监测预报中地电阻率定点连续观测中存在的偶极接地线的干扰问题, 本文将台站区域地层简化为3层均匀介质模型, 将接地线等效为偶极接地的电阻体, 建立了接地线干扰地电阻率观测的耦合物理模型. 通过有限元分析软件ANSYS模拟分析不同电性断面情况下接地线对地电阻率观测的影响, 同时分析这种干扰的产生机理, 并结合实际观测中存在的干扰问题作了对比验证分析. 结果表明: ① 接地线使得供电电极产生的地下对称性电场分布发生局部调整, 从而影响地电阻率观测; ② 接地线对地电阻率观测的影响主要取决于线缆的位置及方位角的大小; ③ 适当增大电极埋深可以减小其对地电阻率观测的影响; ④ 电性结构的差异性决定干扰变化幅度的大小. 本文结果对相关台站地电阻率观测异常分析落实及干扰源避让和观测系统改造具有参考意义. 相似文献
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垂直线电流源的三维电阻率成像 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在油井注水和深井注浆的电法监测中,地表布设平面的电位测量网,而将钻井的钢套管作为线电流源来供电,据此可确定流体的运动方向和分布特征.数据处理中需解决垂直线电流源的三维电阻率反演.本文叙述了相应的反演理论和偏导数计算方法.在某油田的试验中,以生产井为电极圈的中心,每圈均匀布设18个电极,共6圈,在地表得到了108个电位数据,获得500～2 000m之间5个不同深度层的真电阻率分布图像,并对深度层为1 500～1 600m的图像进行了初步解释.结果表明,该方法可以对井下某深度层中的流体运动和分布可进行有效的监测. 相似文献
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Resistivity monitoring surveys are used to detect temporal changes in the subsurface using repeated measurements over the same site. The positions of the electrodes are typically measured at the start of the survey program and possibly at occasional later times. In areas with unstable ground, such as landslide‐prone slopes, the positions of the electrodes can be displaced by ground movements. If this occurs at times when the positions of the electrodes are not directly measured, they have to be estimated. This can be done by interpolation or, as in recent developments, from the resistivity data using new inverse methods. The smoothness‐constrained least squares optimisation method can be modified to include the electrode positions as additional unknown parameters. The Jacobian matrices with the sensitivity of the apparent resistivity measurements to changes in the electrode positions are then required by the optimisation method. In this paper, a fast adjoint‐equation method is used to calculate the Jacobian matrices required by the least squares method to reduce the calculation time. In areas with large near‐surface resistivity contrasts, the inversion routine sometimes cannot accurately distinguish between electrode displacements and subsurface resistivity variations. To overcome this problem, the model for the initial time‐lapse dataset (with accurately known electrode positions) is used as the starting model for the inversion of the later‐time dataset. This greatly improves the accuracy of the estimated electrode positions compared to the use of a homogeneous half‐space starting model. In areas where the movement of the electrodes is expected to occur in a fixed direction, the method of transformations can be used to include this information as an additional constraint in the optimisation routine. 相似文献
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O. KOEFOED 《Geophysical Prospecting》1966,14(1):71-79
In a previous paper by the present author a method was developed for direct interpretation of resistivity observations made with a Schlumberger electrode configuration. This method consisted of two steps. The first of these was to derive the kernel function in the integral expression for the apparent resistivity from the observed data; the second step was to derive the resistivity stratification from this kernel function. The first of these two steps depends on the electrode configuration that has been used. In the present paper the above mentioned method is modified so as to make it apply to a Wenner electrode configuration. The procedure is indicated by which the method may be adapted to any other electrode configuration in which the distances between the electrodes are finite. The second step in the interpretation, i.e. the derivation of the resistivity stratification from the kernel function, is independent of the electrode configuration used, and therefore needs no further discussion in the present context. 相似文献