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通过在与地铁线路垂直方向野外布设测线,对不同距离的测点进行地磁干扰强度的连续测量,计算出在不同测点的地磁场干扰幅度,得到现有规模的地铁对地磁观测的干扰范围. 相似文献
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地磁扰动可以破坏传导网络的运行，如电力系统、管线和通讯电缆。在电力系统中，地磁感应电流(GIC)通过电力变压器传到地面，干扰变压器的运行，使变压器变热，增加无功功率需求，并产生导致继电器误操作的谐波。在极端情况下，这些效应能导致电力中断，如1989年3月地磁暴期间，魁北克电网中断供电长达9个小时，600万人受到影响。地磁扰动是由太阳喷发高能粒子流向地球空间传动的结果。当这些粒子到达地球时，与地球磁场产生相互作用，所激发的电流向下流动到地球电离层。大部分强电流伴随着极光出现在横跨加拿大的东西带上。它是由电离层电流产生的磁场在地面上所看到的一种磁扰现象。预防地磁对电力系统的影响主要是阻止电力系统中产生地磁感应电流。但是这种措施相当昂贵，许多设施欲在地磁扰动期运行还需依赖地磁活动预报。加拿大地磁预报服务局是由加拿大自然资源部设立的机构，从1974年开始运行，现在可以提供覆盖加拿大3个纬度带的长期和短期地磁预报服务。该项研究工作是全方位的，从用于改进预报的有关太阳爆发的新资料到了解电力系统对磁扰的反应。地磁扰动研究由加拿大地磁预报中心和许多加拿大大学研究小组负责进行，而地磁感应的研究是由一些受其影响的行业组织进行的，也经常与上述预报中心进行合作研究。 相似文献
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本文全面系统回顾考察了新中国成立前中国的地磁测量、地磁图和地磁模型研究概况:主要介绍中国人独立进行的地磁测量;评述了1932年山东半岛地磁图,1915.0和1936.0年中国(部分地区)地磁图;1945.0年东亚地磁图;1946.1年四川北碚地区地磁图以及1946.1年四川北碚地区地磁场泰勒多项式模型.并根据1936年地磁数据计算研究了1936.0年中国地磁场的球冠谐模型和曲面Spline模型,以及1900.0-1940.0年5个年代的中国地磁数据集、地磁模型和地磁图.对今后我国地磁测量研究工作给出了几点建议. 相似文献
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地磁场源于地球内部的地核发电机,经由近3000 km厚的地幔和地壳到达地面,穿过生物圈、大气层和电离层后延展至太空形成磁层.地磁场对生物圈有双重保护作用:阻挡了高能粒子向内入侵,也避免了氧和水等挥发性物质向外逃逸.尽管地磁场在几十亿年的时间里帮助维持了地球的宜居性,人们仍认为地磁倒转所导致的保护作用削弱会给生物圈带来深刻的负面影响,甚至是生物灭绝.本文梳理地磁倒转与生物灭绝因果关系研究的五十年发展历程,结合历史背景评介早期"一对一"假说的得与失,并着重阐述空间环境变化在最新提出的"多对一"假说中的重要作用.这些研究成果已经清晰地说明,从地核到磁层的地球各圈层是一个耦合的复杂系统,地球演化中的重大事件应当从地球系统科学的角度来看待,并借助比较行星学来研究和理解. 相似文献
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《地震地磁观测与研究》2016,(6)
通过将廊坊、富克地磁台站数据与国内地磁台站十三陵、三亚台以及国际标准地磁台站MMB台的观测数据对比分析,发现各地磁台站数据变化幅度相近、相关性高,对地磁暴有明显响应,且磁暴期间各时段扰动幅度相近。同时,以高质量地磁数据为基础,采用快速傅里叶变换,对廊坊与富克地磁台站的地磁观测数据开展地磁脉动提取,研究发现,两个台站在地磁暴期间均能观测到明显的Pi1、Pi2、Pc5地磁脉动,且Pc5的持续时间、平均强度、变化幅度和Pi1的持续时间、变化幅度及Pi2的变化幅度均有明显增加,为今后开展地磁脉动与高能电子增强事件相关性研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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河南地磁短周期变化特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究河南地区地磁短周期变化的特征,１９９６年１０月至１１月在该地区布设了近似南北向的两条临时测线,东测线由河南信阳至汤阴,西测线由河南西峡至山西曲沃,在测线上进行了地磁短周期变化三分量的同步观测,在３ｍｉｎ至２ｈ周期范围内统计计算了各测点各周期成分的地磁垂直转换函数及水平转换函数,通过地磁转换函数的分析,给出了该地区地磁短周期变化空间,周期分布概况。西峡至曲沃测线,除曲沃外垂直分量没有出现反向 相似文献
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如何应用微机对地磁观测数据进行处理,是运用现代方法处理地磁资料的一个关键问题,本文在多年实践的基础上,研制了出一种新的数据处理软件,代替了传统的手工计算。该软件应用ＢＡＳＩＣ语言编写,其主要功能包括;地磁总磁场强度和垂直磁场强度资料质量检验,计算Ｆ值,相关系数Ｒ值,剩余方差Ｓ值。 相似文献
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目前,世界有191个地磁台(中国大陆地磁台未统计在内),其中给世界地磁资料中心寄送地磁资料的地磁台有141个。从1940年开始工作的地磁台只有76个,其中资料完整可靠且记录时间超过40年的地磁台大约只有40个。国际地磁学和高空物理学协会(IAGA)把世界上的地磁台分为四个等级。各个地磁台所进行的地磁绝对观测,可以使用以下各种不同类型的地磁绝对观测仪:1.用质子旋进矢量磁力仪测磁偏角(D)、水平强度(H)、垂直强度(Z)和总强度(F), 相似文献
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Cosmic ray (CR) fluxes, which penetrate into the Earth??s magnetosphere and atmosphere from the interplanetary space, are an important factor of space weather. The geomagnetic field allows or forbids CR particles to enter into a given point in the magnetosphere depending on their energy. The geomagnetic cutoff rigidity regulates the distribution of CR fluxes in the magnetosphere. The geomagnetic cutoff rigidity (geomagnetic threshold) determination accuracy is closely related to the accuracy of the magnetospheric model used in calculations. Using a method for tracing of charged CR particle trajectories in the magnetic field of a model magnetosphere, we obtained geomagnetic thresholds for two magnetosphere empirical models (Ts01 and Ts04), constructed based on the same initial database. The Ts01 model describes the middle magnetosphere for certain conditions in the solar wind and interplanetary field. The Ts04 model pays the main attention to describing the large-scale evolution of magnetospheric currents during a storm. The theoretically obtained geomagnetic thresholds have been compared with experimental thresholds, calculated using the spectrographic global survey method based on data from the global network of CR stations. The study has been performed for the period of a strong geomagnetic storm that occurred in November 2003. 相似文献
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Variations in the cosmic ray intensity (specifically, Forbush effects) and in the geomagnetic cutoff rigidity planetary system during powerful geomagnetic disturbances in cycle 23 were studied based on worldwide station network data by the global spectrographic survey method. The cosmic ray variation spectra during these periods and the spectral indices of these variations when the spectrum was approximated by the power function of the particle rigidity varying from 10 to 50 GV during different Forbush effect development phases are presented. It was indicated that the spectral indices of cosmic ray variations during spectrum approximation by the power function of the particle rigidity are larger during the maximal modulation phase than during the cosmic ray intensity decline and recovery phases. The fact that the amplitude of the second harmonic of the cosmic ray pitch angle anisotropy did not increase on November 20, 2003, confirms that the Earth fell into a Sun-independent spheromark magnetic cloud. The increased amplitudes of the second harmonic of the cosmic ray pitch angle anisotropy during other Forbush effects in July 2000, March–April 2001, October 2003, and November 2004 indicate that the Earth was in the coronal mass ejection region, in which the interplanetary magnetic field structure was loop-like during these periods. 相似文献
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The data from terrestrial observations of cosmic rays at the global network of stations by the method of spectrographic global survey were used to analyze two Forbush decreases during the geomagnetic storms in March and June 2015. The spectra of cosmic ray variations, pitch angle anisotropy of cosmic rays at different phases of Forbush decrease development, and the changes in the planetary system of geomagnetic cutoff rigidities are presented. It is shown that, during the approximation of the spectra of variations by the power function of particle rigidity in the interval of 10–50 GV, the spectrum index is softer at the maximum modulation phase than during the phases of cosmic ray intensity decline and recovery. In the axisymmetric model of the bounded magnetosphere of the Earth, which takes into account the currents at the magnetopause and the ring current, the distance to the subsolar point and the radius of the ring current, as well as the contribution of the ring current to the changes in geomagnetic cutoff rigidity and to the Dst index during the studied events, are determined. 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The correlation of the variations in geomagnetic cutoff rigidity of cosmic rays ΔR with the interplanetary medium parameters and geomagnetic activity indices Dst... 相似文献
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We investigate the features of the planetary distribution of wave phenomena (geomagnetic pulsations) in the Earth’s magnetic shell (the magnetosphere) during a strong geomagnetic storm on December 14–15, 2006, which is untypical of the minimum phase of solar activity. The storm was caused by the approach of the interplanetary magnetic cloud towards the Earth’s magnetosphere. The study is based on the analysis of 1-min data of global digital geomagnetic observations at a few latitudinal profiles of the global network of ground-based magnetic stations. The analysis is focused on the Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations, whose frequencies fall in the band of 1.5–7 mHz (T ～ 2–10 min), on the fluctuations in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and in the solar wind density in this frequency band. It is shown that during the initial phase of the storm with positive IMF Bz, most intense geomagnetic pulsations were recorded in the dayside polar regions. It was supposed that these pulsations could probably be caused by the injection of the fluctuating streams of solar wind into the Earth’s ionosphere in the dayside polar cusp region. The fluctuations arising in the ionospheric electric currents due to this process are recorded as the geomagnetic pulsations by the ground-based magnetometers. Under negative IMF Bz, substorms develop in the nightside magnetosphere, and the enhancement of geomagnetic pulsations was observed in this latitudinal region on the Earth’s surface. The generation of these pulsations is probably caused by the fluctuations in the field-aligned magnetospheric electric currents flowing along the geomagnetic field lines from the substorm source region. These geomagnetic pulsations are not related to the fluctuations in the interplanetary medium. During the main phase of the magnetic storm, when fluctuations in the interplanetary medium are almost absent, the most intense geomagnetic pulsations were observed in the dawn sector in the region corresponding to the closed magnetosphere. The generation of these pulsations is likely to be associated with the resonance of the geomagnetic field lines. Thus, it is shown that the Pc5 pulsations observed on the ground during the magnetic storm have a different origin and a different planetary distribution. 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The ability of cosmic rays to penetrate the magnetosphere is characterized by the rigidity of the geomagnetic cutoff R, i.e., the stiffness below which the particle flux... 相似文献
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An analytical expression is derived for the cutoff rigidity of cosmic rays arriving at a point in an arbitrary direction, when the main geomagnetic field is approximated by that of an eccentric dipole. This expression is used to determine changes in geomagnetic cutoffs due to secular variation of the geomagnetic field since 1835. Effects of westward drift of the quadrupole field and decrease in the effective dipole moment are seen in the isorigidity contours. On account of the immense computer time required to determine the cutoff rigidities more accurately using the particle trajectory tracing technique, the present formulation may be useful in estimating the transmission factor of the geomagnetic field in cosmic ray studies, modulation of cosmogenic isotope production by geomagnetic secular variation, and the contribution of geomagnetic field variation to long term changes in climate through cosmic ray related modulation of the current flow in the global electric circuit. 相似文献
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The cosmic ray geomagnetic cutoff rigidities are obtained by analytical calculations within an axisymmetric model of bounded magnetosphere, the magnetic field of which is created by the dipole field of the Earth and by two spheres located beyond the Earth with the currents that flow along the parallels and have a value proportional to the cosine of latitude. The inner sphere models the ring current flowing in the westerly direction; the outer sphere simulates the currents over the magnetopause, which flow in the easterly direction. The analytical results of calculations of variations in the geomagnetic cutoff rigidity for different levels of geomagnetic disturbances are given. The results are compared with the results of analytical calculations within the model of unbounded magnetosphere (when the outer sphere is absent). 相似文献
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The variations in the geomagnetic cutoff rigidity in Irkutsk, Alma-Ata, and Beijing in October–November 2003 were calculated
using ground-based measurements of cosmic ray intensity from the worldwide network of stations and GOES spacecraft. The calculated
variations in geomagnetic cutoff rigidity are presented together with D
st variations of the geomagnetic field. The obtained results are compared to calculations performed using the Tsyganenko model
of the magnetosphere. 相似文献
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M. I. Tyasto O. A. Danilova V. M. Dvornikov V. E. Sdobnov 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2008,48(6):691-708
The time variations in the CR geomagnetic cutoff rigidity and their relation to the interplanetary parameters and the Dst index during a strong magnetic storm of November 18–24, 2003, have been analyzed. The Tsyganenko (Ts03) model of a strongly disturbed magnetosphere [Tsyganenko, 2002a, 2002b; Tsyganenko et al., 2003] have been used to calculate effective geomagnetic thresholds with the help of the method for tracing CR particle trajectories in the magnetospheric magnetic field. The geomagnetic thresholds have been calculated using the method of global spectrographic survey (GSS), based on the data from the global network of CR stations, and the results have been compared with the effective geomagnetic cutoff rigidities. The daily anisotropy of effective geomagnetic thresholds during the Dst variation minimum have been estimated. The relation of the theoretical and experimental geomagnetic thresholds, obtained using the GSS method, to the interplanetary parameters and Dst variation is analyzed. The Dst variations, IMF B z , and solar wind density are most clearly defined in the geomagnetic thresholds during this storm. The correlation between B y and experimental geomagnetic thresholds is higher than such a correlation between this parameter and theoretical thresholds by a factor 2–3, which suggests that a real dawn-dusk asymmetry during this storm was stronger than such an asymmetry represented by the Ts03 model. 相似文献