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1.
Variations in arsenic (As) mineralogy and geochemical controls on its mobility were evaluated in subsurface tailings at the historical Montague and Goldenville mine sites in Nova Scotia, Canada. Tailings at these sites contain some of the highest As concentrations in Nova Scotia and are located in close proximity to local communities. Pore water in the subsurface tailings is characterized by circumneutral to alkaline pH (6.2 to 8.7) and mildly reducing to oxidizing redox conditions (+130 mV to +347 mV). Bulk chemistry, scanning electron microscopy, and synchrotron micro-X-ray diffraction analyses showed As mineral hosts differ with depth. The deepest tailings (max. 2 m) are in direct contact with partially decomposed vegetation, which supports reducing conditions and the precipitation of authigenic As and Fe sulfides. Under reducing conditions, dissolved As concentrations are also controlled by desorption of As from dissolution of Fe and Mn oxides and the sorption or co-precipitation of As with carbonates. These geochemical controls differ from those influencing dissolved As concentrations under oxidizing conditions. In the near surface, As mobility is controlled by oxidative dissolution of primary arsenopyrite, precipitation of secondary Fe arsenates, Fe oxyhydroxides and Mn oxides, secondary Ca-Fe arsenates, and sorption onto Fe oxyhydroxides and gangue minerals. Some of these mineral species are stable under different conditions yet occur in close association, indicating the importance of microenvironments. The results of this study show that the weathering characteristics of these tailings vary with depth, leading to the formation of new As hosts that are distinct from those observed in the near surface. Identification of these As hosts provides an understanding of current controls on As mobility and has implications for future reprocessing and/or remediation efforts. 相似文献
2.
Arsenic is one of the most dangerous inorganic pollutants and thus a penalty element in many base metal concentrates. Arsenic removal in sulphide flotation has been studied extensively with various approaches, including pre-oxidation of flotation pulp, Eh control during flotation and the use of selective depressants/collectors. Pre-oxidation of flotation pulp using oxidizing agents or aeration conditioning represents a simple approach in arsenic removal and was found effective in many cases. Selective flotation of arsenic minerals through Eh control has made significant advances in recent years with promising results achieved. In addition, various depressants and collectors have also been studied in arsenic removal. In this communication, the various approaches used in selective flotation of arsenic minerals are reviewed with emphasis on the development in recent years. 相似文献
3.
G.D. Senior L.K. Smith W.J. Bruckard 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2010,94(1-2):92-96
High arsenic levels in nickel sulphide concentrates can often present technical and environmental problems at the smelter. In some ores a flotation separation between the nickel sulphides and the arsenide minerals is required in order to meet smelter specifications for arsenic. There is very little information in the literature about such separations and the flotability of nickel arsenides in general. Data are presented here from a single mineral flotation investigation into the flotability of niccolite (NiAs), one of the key nickel arsenide minerals present in nickel sulphide ores in Australia.Niccolite is only weakly flotable with xanthate collector at pH 9 and this behavior is independent of the grinding environment. This suggests that high arsenic levels in nickel concentrates are not due to niccolite flotation, but are more likely to be due to flotation of more floatable arsenic-bearing minerals such as gersdorffite. Cyanide diminishes the poor recovery of niccolite further. 相似文献
4.
天然水环境中地质成因砷的存在是世界范围内对人类威胁极大的环境问题之一.在高温富硫化物地热水中,硫代砷化物是砷的主要存在形态之一.在国内尚无硫代砷化物定量检测方法的背景下,以云南腾冲地热带的热海水热区为典型研究区,基于不同类型硫代砷化物的最新化学热力学数据wateq4f.dat,利用水文地球化学模拟软件PHREEQC开展了不同类型热泉中砷的存在形态的地球化学模拟.结果表明,热海热泉中砷的主要形态是硫代砷酸盐,砷酸盐和亚砷酸盐次之,硫代亚砷酸盐则含量极低;在各类硫代砷酸盐中,按平均百分含量降序依次为:一硫代砷酸盐→三硫代砷酸盐→四硫代砷酸盐→二硫代砷酸盐.pH、Eh和总硫化物含量是热泉中砷的形态分布的控制性因素.在酸性条件下,砷以硫代砷酸盐和亚砷酸盐为主要存在形式;而在中性/偏碱性条件下,砷的形态则以硫代砷酸盐为主,砷酸盐次之.偏还原环境和高硫化物含量是硫代砷化物、特别是三硫代砷酸盐和四硫代砷酸盐稳定存在的有利条件. 相似文献
5.
Cappadocia Geothermal Province (CGP), central Turkey, consists of nine individual geothermal regions controlled by active regional fault systems. This paper examines the age dating of alteration minerals and the geochemistry (trace elements and isotopes) of the alteration minerals and geothermal waters, to assess the evolution of CGP in relation to regional tectonics. Ar–Ar age data of jarosite and alunite show that the host rocks were exposed to oxidizing conditions near the Earth’s surface at about 5.30 Ma. Based on the δ18O–δD relationhip, water samples had a high altitude meteoric origin. The δ34S values of jarosite and alunite indicate that water samples from the southern part of the study area reached the surface after circulation through volcanic rocks, while northern samples had traveled to the surface after interacting with evaporates at greater depths. REY (rare earth elements and yttrium) diagrams of alteration minerals (especially illite, jarosite and alunite) from rock samples, taken from the same locations as the water samples, display a similar REY pattern to water samples. This suggests that thermal fluids, which reached the surface along a fault zone and caused the mineral alteration in the past, had similar chemical composition to the current geothermal water. The geothermal conceptual model, which defines a volcanically heated reservoir and cap rocks, suggests there are no structural drawbacks to the use of the CGP geothermal system as a resource. However, fluid is insufficient to drive the geothermal system as a result of scanty supply of meteoric water due to evaporation significantly exceeding rainfall. 相似文献
6.
岩溶地下河是我国西南地区的重要水源,工业生产过程中产生的砷污染物,除通过落水洞等直接进入并污染地下水外,还会在表层岩溶带溶缝、溶隙内吸附、滞留及富集,并在特定条件下再次迁移,成为"稳定次生污染源".以广西某砷污染事件为例,采用窄缝槽物理模型装置进行砷的动态吸附、解吸实验,并结合地球化学模拟研究砷污染物在表层岩溶带土壤中的迁移规律.实验结果显示表层岩溶带对砷的吸附以物理吸附（扩散过程）为主,相比吸附过程而言解吸速率则显得缓慢,而酸溶液相比去离子水可促进砷的解吸过程.地球化学模拟结果表明土壤矿物中以针铁矿对砷的吸附贡献最大,而酸溶液通过溶蚀针铁矿等矿物削弱对砷的吸附能力.因此在西南岩溶地区,表层岩溶带系统一旦纳入砷污染物,则解吸过程缓慢,易形成砷污染物的滞留、富集;而酸雨作用下砷的解吸、迁移过程加快,则会提高地下水系统的污染风险. 相似文献
7.
沈阳黄家水源地是我国北方地区典型的傍河地下水水源地,近岸带地下水中铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、砷(As)含量严重超标。为查明地下水中As的来源与影响因素,对研究区河水、地下水以及土壤样品进行采集与测试,分析了水样常规指标与碳硫稳定同位素、土样中典型矿物、砷的含量及赋存形态。结果表明,研究区河水中As含量很低,而地下水中As含量普遍超标。河水入渗初期,氧化性河水使部分含As矿物发生氧化而释放As;随着河水入渗,地下水向还原环境转变,含As的Fe/Mn矿物发生还原性溶解,地下水中As含量逐渐升高。研究区典型矿物有黄铁矿、菱铁矿、软锰矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿、菱锰矿等,通过可交换态砷解吸、有机质结合态砷氧化、铁锰氧化物结合态砷还原性溶解等,介质中的As释放至地下水中。地下水中As含量与酸碱度(pH)、氧化还原电位(Eh)呈一定负相关,与溶解有机碳(DOC)、 、Fe、Mn含量呈正相关。 相似文献
8.
9.
微生物-矿物的相互作用是地球上广泛发生的一种地质作用，它直接导致矿物的溶解和沉淀，并进而对环境产生重要的影响。微生物-矿物相互作用对环境修复具有重要意义，如金属还原细菌（DMRB）可通过与Fe^3 -氧化物矿物的相互作用催化氧化降解含芳香环的化合物如苯酸盐、苯、甲苯等，或催化还原降解（聚）硝基芳香化合物及四氯化碳等，还可通过表面吸附作用或氧化还原作用使一些重金属元素如U、Np等高毒性的污染物固着或形成不溶的矿物形式，从而有效去除其毒性。另外，微生物亦可催化氧化形成对环境有高度污染的酸性矿山废水（AMD）等，总之，深入研究微生物-矿物的相互作用对环境的影响具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
Kai-Uwe Ulrich Eugene S. Ilton Jonathan O. Sharp Rizlan Bernier-Latmani John R. Bargar 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(20):6065-7290
The long-term stability of biogenic uraninite with respect to oxidative dissolution is pivotal to the success of in situ bioreduction strategies for the subsurface remediation of uranium legacies. Batch and flow-through dissolution experiments were conducted along with spectroscopic analyses to compare biogenic uraninite nanoparticles obtained from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and chemogenic UO2.00 with respect to their equilibrium solubility, dissolution mechanisms, and dissolution kinetics in water of varied oxygen and carbonate concentrations. Both materials exhibited a similar intrinsic solubility of ∼10−8 M under reducing conditions. The two materials had comparable dissolution rates under anoxic as well as oxidizing conditions, consistent with structural bulk homology of biogenic and stoichiometric uraninite. Carbonate reversibly promoted uraninite dissolution under both moderately oxidizing and reducing conditions, and the biogenic material yielded higher surface area-normalized dissolution rates than the chemogenic. This difference is in accordance with the higher proportion of U(V) detected on the biogenic uraninite surface by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Reasonable sources of a stable U(V)-bearing intermediate phase are discussed. The observed increase of the dissolution rates can be explained by carbonate complexation of U(V) facilitating the detachment of U(V) from the uraninite surface. The fraction of surface-associated U(VI) increased with dissolved oxygen concentration. Simultaneously, X-ray absorption spectra showed conversion of the bulk from UO2.0 to UO2+x. In equilibrium with air, combined spectroscopic results support the formation of a near-surface layer of approximate composition UO2.25 (U4O9) coated by an outer layer of U(VI). This result is in accordance with flow-through dissolution experiments that indicate control of the dissolution rate of surface-oxidized uraninite by the solubility of metaschoepite under the tested conditions. Although U(V) has been observed in electrochemical studies on the dissolution of spent nuclear fuel, this is the first investigation that demonstrates the formation of a stable U(V) intermediate phase on the surface of submicron-sized uraninite particles suspended in aqueous solutions. 相似文献
11.
Aerobic oxidation of mackinawite (FeS) and its environmental implication for arsenic mobilization 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Oxidation of mackinawite (FeS) and concurrent mobilization of arsenic were investigated as a function of pH under oxidizing conditions. At acidic pH, FeS oxidation is mainly initiated by the proton-promoted dissolution, which results in the release of Fe(II) and sulfide in the solution. While most of dissolved sulfide is volatilized before being oxidized, dissolved Fe(II) is oxidized into green rust-like precipitates and goethite (α-FeOOH). At basic pH, the development of Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxide coating on the FeS surface inhibits the solution-phase oxidation following FeS dissolution. Instead, FeS is mostly oxidized into lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) via the surface-mediated oxidation without dissolution. At neutral pH, FeS is oxidized via both the solution-phase oxidation following FeS dissolution and the surface-mediated oxidation mechanisms. The mobilization of arsenic during FeS oxidation is strongly affected by FeS oxidation mechanisms. At acidic pH (and to some extent at neutral pH), the rapid FeS dissolution and the slow precipitation of Fe (oxyhydr)oxides results in arsenic accumulation in water. In contrast, the surface-mediated oxidation of FeS at basic pH leads to the direct formation of Fe (oxyhydr)oxides, which provides effective adsorbents for As under oxic conditions. At acidic and neutral pH, the solution-phase oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) accelerates the oxidation of the less adsorbing As(III) to the more adsorbing As(V). This study reveals that the oxidative mobilization of As may be a significant pathway for arsenic enrichment of porewaters in sulfidic sediments. 相似文献
12.
The relevance of groundwater hydrogeochemistry to explain the occurrence and distribution of arsenic in groundwater is of great interest. The insightful discussions on the control of shallow groundwater (< 50 m) hydrogeochemistry in arsenic mobilization are known to be a viable tool to explain the arsenic menace in shallow groundwater. The present investigation emphasizes the hydrogeochemical driver and/or control over the reductive dissolution of Fe-bearing host minerals and thereby releasing arsenic into the shallow groundwater of the study area. The study suggests that hydrogeochemical evolution is mainly governed by carbonate minerals dissolution, silicate weathering, and competitive ion-exchange processes in the shallow aquifers (< 50 m). The present study also indicates the prevalence of carbonate minerals dissolution over silicate weathering. The emergence of Cl− concentration in the shallow groundwater founds the possibilities of anthropogenic inputs into the shallow aquifers (< 50 m). The reducing environment in shallow aquifers (< 50 m) of the study area is evident in the reductive dissolution of Fe- bearing shallow aquifer minerals which absorb arsenic in the solid phase and mobilize arsenic onto shallow groundwater. The study opted for many statistical approaches to delineate the correlation among major and minor ionic constituents of the groundwater which are very helpful to understand the comprehensive mechanism of arsenic mobilization into shallow groundwater.
相似文献13.
近年来陆续有报道发现长江中游河湖平原广泛分布着高砷地下水,鄱阳湖平原与江北平原（古彭蠡泽）作为长江中游南北两岸典型的河湖平原,其地下水资源丰富,但砷的空间分布规律尚不清楚,区域供水安全存在风险.本研究在两个区域系统采集98个浅层地下水（< 40 m）样品和8个地表水样品,通过水化学、氢氧稳定同位素分析,查明地下水中砷的空间分布异质性及其影响因素.研究发现江北平原浅层地下水砷含量为0.65~956.72 μg/L（平均值210.78 μg/L）,高砷地下水集中分布于长江古河道;鄱阳湖平原浅层地下水砷含量为0.09~267.45 μg/L（平均值11.85 μg/L）,高砷地下水仅分布于赣江三角洲局部地区.江北平原地下水δD与δ18O值相对鄱阳湖平原更偏负,且与地表水的差异更大.地下水化学及主成分分析结果表明物源和含水层结构差异是影响鄱阳湖平原和江北平原砷空间分布异质性的关键因素,来自长江物源的古彭蠡泽区域沉积物为高砷含水层的形成提供了物质来源,湖相含水层中含砷铁氧化物的还原性溶解是地下水砷富集的主要过程.地下水氢氧稳定同位素指示江北平原较鄱阳湖平原地下水赋存环境更封闭,地下水循环交替速度缓慢,有利于砷的富集. 相似文献
14.
The behavior of uranium during interaction of subsurface water with crystalline rocks and uranium ores is considered in connection with the problem of safe underground insulation of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Since subsurface water interacts with crystalline rocks formed at a high temperature, the mineral composition of these rocks and uranium species therein are thermodynamically unstable. Therefore, reactions directed toward the establishment of equilibrium proceed in the water-rock system. At great depths that are characterized by hindered water exchange, where subsurface water acquires near-neutral and reducing properties, the interaction is extremely sluggish and is expressed in the formation of micro- and nanoparticles of secondary minerals. Under such conditions, the slow diffusion redistribution of uranium with enrichment in absorbed forms relative to all other uranium species is realized as well. The products of secondary alteration of Fe- and Ti-bearing minerals serve as the main sorbents of uranium. The rate of alteration of minerals and conversion of uranium species into absorbed forms is slow, and the results of these processes are insignificant, so that the rocks and uranium species therein may be regarded as unaltered. Under reducing conditions, subsurface water is always saturated with uranium. Whether water interacts with rock or uranium ore, the equilibrium uranium concentration in water is only ≤10?8 mol/l. Uraninite ore under such conditions always remains stable irrespective of its age. The stability conditions of uranium ore are quite suitable for safe insulation of SNF, which consists of 95% uraninite (UO2) and is a confinement matrix for all other radionuclides. The disposal of SNF in massifs of crystalline rocks at depths below 500 m, where reducing conditions are predominant, is a reliable guarantee of high SNF stability. Under oxidizing conditions of the upper hydrodynamic zone, the rate of interaction of rocks with subsurface water increases by orders of magnitude and subsurface water is commonly undersaturated with uranium. Uranium absorbed by secondary minerals, particularly by iron hydroxides and leucoxene, is its single stable species under oxidizing conditions. The impact of oxygen-bearing water leads to destruction of uranium ore. This process is realized simultaneously at different hypsometric levels even if the permeability of the medium is variable in both the lateral and vertical directions. As a result, intervals containing uranyl minerals and relics of primary uranium ore are combined in ore-bearing zones with intervals of completely dissolved uranium minerals. A wide halo of elevated uranium contents caused by sorption is always retained at the location of uranium ore entirely destroyed by weathering. Uranium ore commonly finds itself in the aeration zone due to technogenic subsidence of the groundwater table caused by open-pit mining or pumping out of water from underground mines. The capillary and film waters that interact with rocks and ores in this zone are supplemented by free water filtering along fractures when rain falls or snow is thawing. The interaction of uranium ore with capillary water results in oxidation of uraninite, accompanied by loosening of the mineral surface, formation of microfractures, and an increase in solubility with enrichment of capillary water in uranium up to 10?4 mol/l. Secondary U(VI) minerals, first of all, uranyl hydroxides and silicates, replace uraninite, and uranium undergoes local diffusion redistribution with its sorption by secondary minerals of host rocks. The influx of free water facilitates the complete dissolution of primary and secondary uranium minerals, the removal of uranium at the sites of groundwater discharge, and its redeposition under reducing conditions at a greater depth. It is evident that the conditions of the upper hydrodynamic zone and the aeration zone are unfit for long-term insulation of SNF and high-level wastes because, after the failure of containers, the leakage of radionuclides into the environment becomes inevitable. 相似文献
15.
Zhou Jiang Ping Li Yanhong Wang Bing Li Yamin Deng Yanxin Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(1):311-318
To understand the mechanism of arsenic mobilization from sediment to groundwater mediated by microorganism, vertical distribution of bacterial populations in aquifer sediments of the Hetao plain, Inner Mongolia was investigated by a two-step nested PCR-DGGE and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, combined with sediment geochemistry. A borehole to 30 m depth was drilled and 11 sediment samples were collected. Lithological profile and different geochemical characteristics of sediments indicated a distinct transition of oxidizing–reducing environment along the depth of the sediment core. As(III) and Fe(II) concentrations elevated progressively from 10 m, simultaneously coupling with decrease of As(V) and Fe(III) concentrations, implying that reductive dissolution of arsenic-rich Fe(III) oxyhydroxides led to arsenic release. Results of DGGE displayed that sediment samples with higher concentrations of total arsenic and total organic carbon had lower population diversity, which suggested total arsenic concentrations were important to determine the population diversity of sediments. Bacterial communities of a sediment sample with the highest diversity and ratio of As(III) to total As were dominated by aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria and belonged to Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes group. Most of the retrieved sequences were closely related to high arsenic-resistance organisms, sulfide/thiosulfate oxidizers, denitrifiers, and aromatic hydrocarbon degraders. Thiobacillus distinctly predominated in clone library, which suggested that arsenic might be released by oxidized dissolution of sulfide minerals coupled to arsenate reduction or nitrate reduction in anaerobic condition. These data have important implications for understanding the microbially mediated arsenic mobilization in aquifers. 相似文献
16.
四川巴塘地热田水文地球化学特征及成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下热水的地球化学特征能够揭示深部地热过程。川西巴塘地区域地热资源丰富,但当前研究程度较低。为进一步查明川西地区地热资源赋存状态及热源来源,揭示热循环机理,定量评估研究区热储温度、冷水混入比例、热循环深度等,利用巴塘热坑和巴塘热水塘两处地热田共20组温泉水样进行水化学分析和氢氧同位素分析,进行定量计算,并分析巴塘地区地下热水的演化过程。结果表明:巴塘地区地下热水主要为HCO3—Na型;水中Sr2+、Li+和F-与Cl-的相关性不佳;主要受大气降雨补给;冷水混入比例为64%~68%,未混入冷水时深部热储温度为218~229 ℃,热储循环深度4 546.32~4 777.89 m;Na+、HCO-3、SiO2浓度在热水循环过程中变化相对较大。说明Sr2+、Li+和F-只来自于水岩作用的矿物溶解,且该地区地下水补给主要来自于大气降水,川西地区地热水于围岩发生水岩作用,进行离子交换,在完成一系列水化学作用及水岩作用后,升至地表,最终形成温泉水。研究成果可为川西巴塘地区地热研究提供数据支撑及理论支持,同时也为川西整体区域地热研究提供方法借鉴,为研究区地下水开发利用研究提供参考。 相似文献
17.
18.
Xianjun Xie Yanxin WangChunli Su Huaiqing LiuMengyu Duan Zuoming Xie 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2008
To better understand the sources and mobilization processes responsible for arsenic enrichment in groundwater in the central part of Datong Basin where serious arsenic poisoning cases have been reported, hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater and the geochemical and mineralogical features of the aquifer sediments were studied. The aqueous arsenic levels are strongly depth-dependent in the study area and the high arsenic concentrations are found at depths between 15 m and 60 m, with a maximum up to 1820 μg/L. The hydrochemical characteristics of high arsenic groundwater from the Datong Basin indicate that the mobilization of arsenic is related to reductive dissolution of Fe oxides/oxyhydroxides and/or desorption from the Fe oxides/oxyhydroxides at high pH (above 8.0). The bulk chemical results of sediments show the arsenic and iron are moderately correlated, suggesting that arsenic is associated with iron-bearing minerals. Results of sequential-extraction experiment show that solid-phase arsenic is similarly distributed among the different pools of reservoir in the aquifer sediments. Strongly adsorbed arsenic and co-precipitated arsenic are its dominant species in the solid-phase. Geochemical studies using chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy on magnetically separated fractions demonstrate that iron oxides/oxyhydroxides with residual magnetite and chlorite, illite, iron oxides/oxyhydroxides-coated quartz and feldspar, and ankerite are the dominant carriers of arsenic in the sediments. The major processes of arsenic mobilization are probably linked to desorption of As from Fe oxides/oxyhydroxides and reductive dissolution of Fe-rich phases in the aquifer sediments under reducing and alkaline conditions. 相似文献
19.
In the Earth's upper crust, where aqueous fluids can circulate freely, most mineral transformations are controlled by the coupling between the dissolution of a mineral that releases chemical species into the fluid and precipitation of new minerals that contain some of the released species in their crystal structure, the coupled process being driven by a reduction of the total free-energy of the system. Such coupled dissolution-precipitation processes occur at the fluid-mineral interface where the chemical gradients are highest and heterogeneous nucleation can be promoted, therefore controlling the growth kinetics of the new minerals. Time-lapse nanoscale imaging using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) can monitor the whole coupled process under in situ conditions and allow identifying the time scales involved and the controlling parameters. We have performed a series of experiments on carbonate minerals (calcite, siderite, dolomite and magnesite) where dissolution of the carbonate and precipitation of a new mineral was imaged and followed through time. In the presence of various species in the reacting fluid (e. g. antimony, selenium, arsenic, phosphate), the calcium released during calcite dissolution binds with these species to form new minerals that sequester these hazardous species in the form of a stable solid phase. For siderite, the coupling involves the release of Fe2+ ions that subsequently become oxidized and then precipitate in the form of FeIII oxyhydroxides. For dolomite and magnesite, dissolution in the presence of pure water (undersaturated with any possible phase) results in the immediate precipitation of hydrated Mg-carbonate phases. In all these systems, dissolution and precipitation are coupled and occur directly in a boundary layer at the carbonate surface. Scaling arguments demonstrate that the thickness of this boundary layer is controlled by the rate of carbonate dissolution, the equilibrium concentration of the precipitates and the kinetics of diffusion of species in a boundary layer. From these parameters a characteristic time scale and a characteristic length scale of the boundary layer can be derived. This boundary layer grows with time and never reaches a steady state thickness as long as dissolution of the carbonate is faster than precipitation of the new mineral. At ambient temperature, the surface reactions of these dissolving carbonates occur on time-scales of the order of seconds to minutes, indicating the rapid surface rearrangement of carbonates in the presence of aqueous fluids. As a consequence, many carbonate-fluid reactions in low temperature environments are controlled by local thermodynamic equilibria rather than by the global equilibrium in the whole system. 相似文献
20.
柴达木西部南翼山构造地表混积岩岩石学特征及沉积环境讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南翼山构造地表狮子沟组发育混积岩,作为一种特殊类型的沉积岩,其研究具有一定的实际意义和科学价值。本文在野外观察和镜下鉴定的基础上,对南翼山混积岩样品进行了X衍射、主微量元素及碳氧同位素测试,分析了混积岩的岩石学特征,考虑到其成分和成因的复杂性,通过数据分析排除了多种干扰因素,最后利用有效指标综合判断了其沉积环境。结果显示：南翼山构造地表混积岩中陆源碎屑平均含量为58.7%,碳酸盐矿物含量为31.0%,属于碳酸盐质陆源碎屑岩,主要为钙质泥岩,其中碎屑矿物以细粉砂级石英为主,碳酸盐矿物主要为泥晶方解石,黏土矿物组合为伊利石和有序伊蒙混层,且三者呈均匀混合的特征。数据分析表明Ca、Na、Mn、Sr、Ba等元素主要来源于自生矿物,稀土元素及碳氧同位素组成未受成岩作用影响,可以作为判断沉积时水体盐度和氧化还原条件的指标。根据Sr/Cu比值和K2 O/Al 2O3比值,结合黏土矿物组合及伊利石结晶度和化学指数,判断地表混积岩沉积时为寒冷干旱的气候条件;Sr/Ba比值和Z值表明古水体介质为咸水环境;U/Th比值、自生U含量和Ce轻微负异常等指标综合判定其形成于弱氧化环境。以上研究表明,南翼山构造地表混积岩主要为陆源碎屑和碳酸盐矿物均匀混合的钙质泥岩,形成于寒冷干旱气候条件下的弱氧化咸水湖泊环境中。 相似文献