共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 587 毫秒
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地下水资源是长江三角洲地区社会经济发展的重要后备资源。根据江苏宝应境内钻取的145m深的By1孔岩芯,沉积物粒度分析显示,钻孔20m之下有5个主要的含水层,主要是粉砂质砂层,其间是粘土质粉砂层隔水层; 在钻孔60m之下有3个厚度超过10m的含水层,显示该区域深部地下水资源十分丰富,具有较大的开发价值。宝应钻孔揭示的地下含水层上覆广泛分布末次冰盛期的硬质粘土层,对地下水资源起到明显的保护作用,未来地下水资源开发中应重视“硬粘土层”的保护和防止海水内侵,并加强深层地下水资源的科学调查与开发管理。 相似文献
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广州南部地区水文地质特征及含水层结构分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
广州南部地区是广州城市建设战略中＂南拓＂的重要区域。开展水文地质研究对本区城市地下水的监测和保护以及地下空间开发利用具有重要意义。分析了研究区地下水类型及其分布规律、补给径流排泄条件以及水化学特征等,充分综合已有钻孔岩性信息将第四系松散孔隙沉积物概化出三个主要含水层,揭示了各含水层的展布规律,为广州南部地区地下水资源开... 相似文献
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在分析煤矿开发方案及其地质环境的基础上,从含水层的结构、水位和水质三个方面研究煤矿开采对含水层的破坏,并提出留设防水煤柱、污水处理和含水层监测的含水层防治措施,以保护地下水资源. 相似文献
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砂卵石含水层的辐射井成井技术较复杂,施工条件高,难度大,而打成的辐射井比一般含水层的辐射井出水量多,调控浅层地下水时,地下水位降深大,稳定的快,单井效益高。1 砂卵石含水层的辐射井成井技术 砂卵石含水层的辐射井主要由竖井和集水管两部分组成。1.1 竖井的成井技术 竖井是辐射井的主体部分,采用反循环回转式钻井成孔,漂浮下管法成井。这种方法较沉井法投资少、速度快。竖井井壁是由不透水的钢筋混凝土构成,井座外径一般为2.8m,内径为2.5m,井筒的外径一般为1.86m,内径为1.60m。用反循环钻机成孔,然后将事先预制好的井座、井管一节接一节吊装到井孔中,漂浮下管,直到井座下到预定深度为止,并确保井筒直立。井筒接头采用“三油两毡”封闭接口,最后在井筒周围均匀回填好土。这种建造大口径竖井的方法,既简便,又稳妥。钻竖井时锥形钻头要有足够的重量,方能破碎土层。钻头刮刀的角度要合理,泥浆泵量与钻孔成比例,才能取得好的钻井效果。 相似文献
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为阐明强烈开采条件下华北平原深层水的开采水量来源及组成问题,以德州地区深层水漏斗分布区为重点研究区,通过基于大量钻孔资料对含水层组及其粘性土夹层或透镜体的分析和野外地下水采样、动态监测及地面沉降测量资料等分析,采用分层、分区计算方法对漏斗中心至外围的各分区弹性释水量、粘性土压密释水量、侧向流入和越流补给量进行均衡计算。结果表明:在强烈开采条件下,深层水开采量中弹性释水量和压密释水量所占比率不是常量,随着深层水位下降的幅度和深度增大、超采释压持续时间愈长、开采层中粘性土夹层或透镜体愈多,则区内弹性释水和压密释水的强度及累积地面沉降量愈大;愈靠近漏斗中心,弹性和压密释水强度愈大,相同降深下平均单位降深的地面沉降量愈小。在深层水开采量中粘性土压密释水占35.5%~61.9%,与地面沉降密切相关。 相似文献
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苏北平原向海侧分布着大冈、上冈两列古贝壳堤以及依此而建的范公堤;西侧有低山丘陵环绕,江淮水系河流汇入平原内侧的湖泊群,发育了伸出型三角洲;兴化、里下河地区是平原的最低洼处。这一系列地貌组合与分布特点,启迪着探究平原的成因。146m深的宝应望直港钻孔,穿透了2.58Ma以来的第四纪地层。沉积相、微体古生物、古地磁测定与沉积层常量元素分析等综合研究,阐明了4次主要的海洋作用沉积环境,尤其是晚更新世3.9~2.6万年前的浅海环境沉积更为显著。河湖相泛滥平原沉积与潮滩浅海沉积交互成层,证实了苏北平原是第四纪时期由河-海交互作用,从古海湾发育堆积成宽大平原。进一步工作需探索相关时期的江-海分布变化及黄河和黄渤海通道与苏北平原发育的关系。 相似文献
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苏州澄湖湖底硬粘土粒度特征及成因初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
澄湖是太湖平原上的一个浅水湖泊,湖底十分平坦,主要由硬粘土组成,同时发育有NW—SE横穿澄湖的古河道和泥沼洼地。在接近湖泊中心部位的古河道中打钻获得了4 m长的岩芯,并进行了详细的粒度分析。结果表明,该岩芯下部的硬粘土主要由细粉砂、中粉砂和粘土组成,分别占26.7%~38.1%,26.9%~34.3%和19.7%~26.2%,可命名为粘土质粉砂;众数粒径为10~50 μm,平均占57.9%;平均粒径为6.3~6.9。将其与上部的湖泊沉积、镇江下蜀黄土和中国北方各地黄土的粒度比较表明,苏州澄湖湖底的硬粘土原本也是风尘沉积。 相似文献
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江苏沿海地区深层地下水开发利用现状及环境地质问题 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
江苏沿海地区深层地下水在开发利用过程中，由于开采布局不合理和存在“三集中”(开采层次集中、开采地段集中、开采时间集中)以及水文环境地质条件脆弱等因素，出现水位逐年下降，并形成区域性降落漏斗，致使部分地段地下水资源枯竭、水质成化和诱发地面沉降等诸多环境地质问题。本文着重分析沿海地区深层地下水开发利用的6个阶段(初级、城市开采、城市超采、区域超采、区域控制开采和区域压缩开采阶段)、区域降落漏斗的3个发展过程(1986年、1995年和2002年)和因深层水超量开采诱发的水资源枯竭、水质成化和地面沉降等环境地质问题的发育特征及演化趋势，从地下水资源管理和可持续发展的角度，提出深层水的保护规划、浅层咸水、海水资源的开发利用、实行强制节水、污水资源化和发展海洋性产业的对策建议。 相似文献
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Regional hydrostratigraphy and groundwater flow modeling in the arsenic-affected areas of the western Bengal basin, West Bengal, India 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
The first documented interpretation of the regional-scale hydrostratigraphy and groundwater flow is presented for a ～21,000-km2 area of the arsenic-affected districts of West Bengal [Murshidabad, Nadia, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas (including Calcutta)], India. A hydrostratigraphic model demonstrates the presence of a continuous, semi-confined sand aquifer underlain by a thick clay aquitard. The aquifer thickens toward the east and south. In the south, discontinuous clay layers locally divide the near-surface aquifer into several deeper, laterally connected, confined aquifers. Eight 22-layer model scenarios of regional groundwater flow were developed based on the observed topography, seasonal conditions, and inferred hydrostratigraphy. The models suggest the existence of seasonally variable, regional, north–south flow across the basin prior to the onset of extensive pumping in the 1970s. Pumping has severely distorted the flow pattern, inducing high vertical hydraulic gradients across wide cones of depression. Pumping has also increased total recharge (including irrigational return flow), inflow from rivers, and sea water intrusion. Consequently, downward flow of arsenic contaminated shallow groundwater appears to have resulted in contamination of previously safe aquifers by a combination of mechanical mixing and changes in chemical equilibrium. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1145-1149
Evidence of “Upper Cretaceous” sediments above the melt rock/breccia assemblage at Chicxulub has been used to dispute the link between this large impact crater and the Cretaceous-Tertiary (KT) extinction horizon. We have evaluated core samples and well logs from the Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex) Yucatan No. 6 exploratory well located ～50 km from ground zero. Despite previous reports to the contrary, the sequence of crystalline rocks and breccias located at depths exceeding 1000 m below sea level are characteristic of the upper lithological sequence observed at other large impact basins such as the 220 km Sudbury structure. Furthermore, the “Upper Cretaceous” sediments overlying the melt rocks and impact brecias at Chicxulub contain abundant glass shards and shocked minerals, demonstrating conclusively that these are reworked debris involved in the impact event, and not normal marine sediments. Core samples straddling the KT boundary indicate that the impact event created a basin several hundred meters deep. 相似文献
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论华北平原的黄河古水系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为合理开发利用地下水及水资料调蓄,通过物探、钻探及室内分析数据,对华北平原埋深２０～３５ｍ的数条ＳＷ－ＮＥ向砂带进行了研究。该砂带具有许多河流相沉积标志,从分布格局、重矿物组合、砂带规模、古生物化石和＾１４Ｃ测年看,该带是末次盛冰期－早全新世形成的黄河古河道带。它切割了末次冰期间冰段棕红色粘土,形成了切割谷。谷内堆积了末次盛冰期－－早全新世砂砾石,后又被中全新世淤泥质粘土掩埋而成为埋藏古河道带。它 相似文献
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Land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain in northern Zhejiang Province, located between the Yangtze and Qiantang Rivers, is one of the regions where economic development is most rapid in China. Geological and hydrogeological surveys reveal a multi-layered aquifer system beneath the plain, which includes Holocene phreatic water layers and Pleistocene confined aquifers. Based on the historical records of groundwater extraction, groundwater levels, and ground settlement from 1964 to 2000, it is shown that ground subsidence has resulted from the continuously increasing extraction of groundwater from deep confined aquifers, and that the evolution of land subsidence can be characterized by a multifractal model. Based on this model, a set of empirical power-law relations have been established between: the land subsidence velocity and the annual groundwater extraction; groundwater drawdown and the annual land subsidence velocity; and the amount of land subsidence and the associated area of land. A set of indices are proposed for evaluating dynamic evolution of groundwater exploitation and land subsidence for the Hang-Jia-Hu Plain, from which the critical degree of evolution of land subsidence in the near future can be estimated using data on groundwater exploitation and water level changes.
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