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1.
The deterioration of sediments is a serious environmental problem. Controlling nutrient release fluxes from sediments is important to alleviating eutrophication and to reducing terrigenous nutrient loads. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phosphate removal performance of granulated coal ash (GCA) from seawater, which is produced from coal thermal electric power generation. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the removal kinetics of phosphate from seawater under both oxic and anoxic conditions. Phosphate was removed well from seawater under both oxic and anoxic conditions. The adsorption isotherm for phosphate revealed that GCA could remove phosphate effectively from seawater above a concentration of 1.7 μmol L−1. GCA can reduce the concentration of phosphate in seawater effectively under anoxic conditions where iron type adsorbents cannot be applied. Therefore, GCA could potentially be used to adsorb phosphate in the organically-enriched sediment, which generally occurs under highly reductive conditions. 相似文献
2.
Based on field investigation of wave, sediment suspension and the changes in nutrient concentration of the water column in Lake Taihu, China, we proposed two release models to quantify nutrient release under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static conditions, nutrient release from sediments to the overlying water mainly depends on chemical diffusion induced by concentration gradient, in which the nutrient release is controlled by the temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration in the sediment-water interface, oxidation-reduction potential and the concentration difference between porewater and overlying water. Under dynamic condition (or disturbed condition), both dissolved and particulate nutrients in sediments are released into the water column because of wind-induced sediment suspension. The amount of nutrient release under dynamic conditions is larger than that under the static condition. The release of dissolved nutrients, however, does not increase because the wind induced turbulence made oxidation of metallic elements such as Fe (ferric iron), Mn which are capable of precipitating soluble reactive phosphate (SRP). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, the release of total phosphorus (TP) increases dramatically but the release of SRP is close to those under static conditions. In sediments of Lake Taihu, high Fe content leads to a high ratio of Fe to P contents in sediments (Fe:P ratio). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, nutrient release is controlled by the intensity of disturbance, sediment consolidation and nutrient content in sediments. As for dissolved nutrients, especially SRP, the release is also controlled by the intensity of dynamic re-oxidation, Fe content in sediments and nutrient concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. Based on these two release modes, the release flux in Lake Taihu has been estimated. In the static condition (i.e. laboratory experimental condition), total release of NH4 +-N for whole lake is ca. 10,000 ton/a, and PO4 3?-P is ca. 900 ton/a. In the dynamic condition, nutrient release following sediment suspension was estimated according to three different intensities of wind forcing which were defined as “calm” (wind speed is less than 2 m/s), “gentle” (wind speed is greater than 2 m/s and less than 6 m/s) and “gust” (wind speed is greater than 6 m/s). The release rate in the condition of “calm” was estimated in terms of the nutrient release in the laboratory experimental static condition; whereas the release rate in conditions of “gentle” and “gust” was estimated in terms of measurement during sediment resuspension conducted in flume experiments. With the observation of wind velocity and frequency in 2001, each type of wind forcing took the frequency of 12%, 82% and 6% for “calm”, “gentle” and “gust”, respectively. The yearly release of nitrogen was 81,000 ton and phosphorus was 21,000 ton, which is about 2–6 folds of annual external loading, respectively. 相似文献
3.
Based on field investigation of wave, sediment suspension and the changes in nutrient concentration of the water column in Lake Taihu, China, we proposed two release models to quantify nutrient release under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static conditions, nutrient release from sediments to the overlying water mainly depends on chemical diffusion induced by concentration gradient, in which the nutrient release is controlled by the temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration in the sediment-water interface, oxidation-reduction potential and the concentration difference between porewater and overlying water. Under dynamic condition (or disturbed condition), both dissolved and particulate nutrients in sediments are released into the water column because of wind-induced sediment suspension. The amount of nutrient release under dynamic conditions is larger than that under the static condition. The release of dissolved nutrients, however, does not increase because the wind induced turbulence made oxidation of metallic elements such as Fe (ferric iron), Mn which are capable of precipitating soluble reactive phosphate (SRP). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, the release of total phosphorus (TP) increases dramatically but the release of SRP is close to those under static conditions. In sediments of Lake Taihu, high Fe content leads to a high ratio of Fe to P contents in sediments (Fe:P ratio). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, nutrient release is controlled by the intensity of disturbance, sediment consolidation and nutrient content in sediments. As for dissolved nutrients, especially SRP, the release is also controlled by the intensity of dynamic re-oxidation, Fe content in sediments and nutrient concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. Based on these two release modes, the release flux in Lake Taihu has been estimated. In the static condition (i.e. laboratory experimental condition), total release of NH4 +-N for whole lake is ca. 10,000 ton/a, and PO4 3−-P is ca. 900 ton/a. In the dynamic condition, nutrient release following sediment suspension was estimated according to three different intensities of wind forcing which were defined as “calm” (wind speed is less than 2 m/s), “gentle” (wind speed is greater than 2 m/s and less than 6 m/s) and “gust” (wind speed is greater than 6 m/s). The release rate in the condition of “calm” was estimated in terms of the nutrient release in the laboratory experimental static condition; whereas the release rate in conditions of “gentle” and “gust” was estimated in terms of measurement during sediment resuspension conducted in flume experiments. With the observation of wind velocity and frequency in 2001, each type of wind forcing took the frequency of 12%, 82% and 6% for “calm”, “gentle” and “gust”, respectively. The yearly release of nitrogen was 81,000 ton and phosphorus was 21,000 ton, which is about 2–6 folds of annual external loading, respectively.
相似文献4.
Influence of the biomass content in sediment on the sediment nutrient flux for a pulsed organic load
A laboratory study was carried out to investigate the influence of the biomass content in the sediment on the rate of diagenesis of particulate organic materials (POM) and the consequent sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and nutrient fluxes. Fish food pellets were loaded into the sediment to simulate a sudden POM input. Three types of sediments with different biomass contents were tested, including a raw marine sediment, the marine sediment after one month of cultivation and an artificial sediment of sand and clay without any biomass. There was little difference in organic flux from the three different sediments. However, compared to the artificial sediment, the marine sediments had much higher SOD and ammonia flux. A mathematical model also has been developed for the SOD dynamics and nutrient fluxes. Both the experimental and simulation results indicate the important role of the biomass in the sediment in POM diagenesis, SOD and nutrient fluxes. 相似文献
5.
蓝藻水华暴发形成的大量有机碎屑,沉降到沉积物表面,影响沉积物有机质矿化,进而影响碳氮磷循环.本实验选择于桥水库湖心区作为沉积物采样点,通过设置不同密度藻屑添加组（×1倍组和×20倍组）及空白对照组,研究藻屑堆积对沉积物矿化特征的影响及其环境效应,为蓝藻水华影响下的饮用水环境修复和科学管理提供一定的理论依据.结果表明：（1）藻屑添加降低了上覆水pH值,改变了沉积物生物酶活性.藻屑添加密度越大,上覆水pH值越低、波动越大,反映了培养过程异养微生物活性的变化.×1倍组的转化酶活性较高;×20倍组蛋白酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性较高.（2）藻屑添加对沉积物的矿化途径和沉积物产物的释放速率产生了显著影响.藻屑添加密度越大,有机质矿化速率越大.其中,×1倍组主要增强好氧矿化,释放CO2;×20倍组主要增强厌氧产甲烷矿化,释放CH4.（3）不同密度的藻屑添加组,其氮磷扩散、释放通量存在明显差别.×1倍组以沉积物吸附为主,其上覆水NH4+和PO43-平均释放速率与对照组差异较小;×20倍组的NH4+在第0~10天以沉积物吸附为主,之后和PO43-均以向上覆水中释放为主,其NH4+和PO43-平均释放速率（分别为0.223）和0.075 mg/（L·d））明显大于其他实验组.因此,大量蓝藻堆积明显促进沉积物的碳氮磷矿化,释放大量CO2、CH4和氮磷营养盐至上覆水中,对湖泊水环境造成污染,为蓝藻的生长繁殖作贡献. 相似文献
6.
Influence of the biomass content in sediment on the sediment nutrient flux for a pulsed organic load
《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(6-12):681-688
A laboratory study was carried out to investigate the influence of the biomass content in the sediment on the rate of diagenesis of particulate organic materials (POM) and the consequent sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and nutrient fluxes. Fish food pellets were loaded into the sediment to simulate a sudden POM input. Three types of sediments with different biomass contents were tested, including a raw marine sediment, the marine sediment after one month of cultivation and an artificial sediment of sand and clay without any biomass. There was little difference in organic flux from the three different sediments. However, compared to the artificial sediment, the marine sediments had much higher SOD and ammonia flux. A mathematical model also has been developed for the SOD dynamics and nutrient fluxes. Both the experimental and simulation results indicate the important role of the biomass in the sediment in POM diagenesis, SOD and nutrient fluxes. 相似文献
7.
在浅水湖泊中,沉降在沉积物中的营养盐易受到水流的扰动再释放出来,而沉水植物可以在一定程度减少营养盐的释放.借助自主开发的生态水槽,在40 d的实验周期内检测动、静水条件下有、无苦草(Vallisneria natans L.)时沉积物、上覆水中磷含量变化,旨在为沉水植物对湖泊沉积物营养盐释放量的影响估算及水环境质量评价提供科学依据.结果表明:动水条件下,沉积物在没有苦草的保护下总磷含量下降21.8%,而有苦草的保护下总磷含量下降17.7%.苦草根系从周围沉积物中吸收磷,1~4 cm沉积物层的吸收量高于4~8 cm沉积物层.动水槽的上覆水中总溶解态磷浓度和总颗粒态磷浓度均大量增加,并且总颗粒态磷浓度相对于总溶解态磷浓度占较大比例.苦草减少了沉积物中磷的释放,并对上覆水中正磷酸盐有明显的吸收作用. 相似文献
8.
Based on field investigation of wave, sediment suspension and the changes in nutrient concentration of the water column in Lake Taihu, China, we proposed two release models to quantify nutrient release under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static conditions, nutrient release from sediments to the overlying water mainly depends on chemical diffusion induced by concentration gradient, in which the nutrient release is controlled by the temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration in the sediment-water interface, oxidation-reduction potential and the concentration difference between porewater and overlying water. Under dynamic condition (or disturbed condition), both dissolved and particulate nutrients in sediments are released into the water column because of wind-induced sediment suspension. The amount of nutrient release under dynamic conditions is larger than that under the static condition. The release of dissolved nutrients, however, does not increase because the wind induced turbulence made oxidation of metallic elements such as Fe (ferric iron), Mn which are capable of precipitating soluble reactive phosphate (SRP). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, the release of total phosphorus (TP) increases dramatically but the release of SRP is close to those under static conditions. In sediments of Lake Taihu, high Fe content leads to a high ratio of Fe to P contents in sediments (Fe:P ratio). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, nutrient release is controlled by the intensity of disturbance, sediment consolidation and nutrient content in sediments. As for dissolved nutrients, especially SRP, the release is also controlled by the intensity of dynamic re-oxidation, Fe content in sediments and nutrient concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. Based on these two release modes, the release flux in Lake Taihu has been estimated. In the static condition (i.e. laboratory experimental condition), total release of NH4 -N for whole lake is ca. 10,000 ton/a, and PO43--P is ca. 900 ton/a. In the dynamic condition, nutrient release following sediment suspension was estimated according to three different intensities of wind forcing which were defined as "calm" (wind speed is less than 2 m/s), "gentle" (wind speed is greater than 2 m/s and less than 6 m/s) and "gust" (wind speed is greater than 6 m/s). The release rate in the condition of "calm" was estimated in terms of the nutrient release in the laboratory experimental static condition; whereas the release rate in conditions of "gentle" and "gust" was estimated in terms of measurement during sediment resuspension conducted in flume experiments. With the observation of wind velocity and frequency in 2001, each type of wind forcing took the frequency of 12%, 82% and 6% for "calm", "gentle" and "gust", respectively. The yearly release of nitrogen was 81,000 ton and phos- phorus was 21,000 ton, which is about 2-6 folds of annual external loading, respectively. 相似文献
9.
Nitrogen cycling across the sediment-water interface in an eutrophic,artificially oxygenated lake 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Processes controlling the nitrogen (N) exchange between water and sediment in eutrophic Lake Sempach were studied using three different independent methods: benthic flux chambers, interstitial water data and hypolimnetic mass balances. The sediments released NH
4
+
(1.1–16.1 mmoles m–2 d–1), NO
2
-
(0.1–0.4 mmoles m–2 d–1) and dissolved organic N (<0.25 mmoles m–2 d–1). A net NO
3
-
consumption (2.4–11.1 mmoles m–2 d–1) related to the NO
3
-
concentrations in the overlying water was observed in all benthic chamber experiments. The flux of the reactive species NO
3
-
and NH
4
+
was found to depend on hydrodynamic conditions in the water overlying the sediment. For this reason, benthic chambers overestimated the fluxes of inorganic N compared to the other methods. Thus, in short-term flux chamber experiments the sediment may either become a sink or a source for inorganic N depending on the O2 concentration in the water overlying the sediment and the stirring rate. As demonstrated with a15NO
3
-
experiment, nitrate-ammonification accounted for less than 12% of the total NO
3
-
consumption. After six years of artificial oxygenation in Lake Sempach, a decrease in hypolimnetic total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) was observed in the last two years. The occurrence of dense mats of H2S-oxidizingBeggiatoa sp. indicated micro-aerobic conditions at the sediment surface. Under these conditions, a shorter distance between the ecological niches of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, and therefore a faster NO
3
-
-transport, can possibly explain the lowering of TIN by enhanced net denitrification. 相似文献
10.
Zhongming Zheng Shuanglin Dong Xiangli Tian Fang Wang Qinfeng Gao Peifeng Bai 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2009,37(3):218-224
Sediment samples were collected from three seawater aquaculture ponds, and soil characteristics, sediment oxygen consumption (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrient fluxes were measured using chamber incubations at laboratory. The three ponds were each representing a specific monoculture or polyculture model of sea cucumber. Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in the dry sediment ranged from 0.14 to 0.26% and 0.022 to 0.037%, respectively. Total phosphorus (TP) contents in the sediment were more spatially and temporally variable. SOC ranged from 15.29 to 45.86 mmol m–2 d–1 and showed significant differences among the three ponds (p < 0.05). TOC, total carbon (TC) contents, and SOC of the sediment in the pond polycultured with jellyfish increased with culture time, indicating that jellyfish farming enhanced the accumulation of organic matter in the sediments to some extent. Sediment showed net nitrate and ammonium uptake in most ponds and months, and significant differences were found among months (p < 0.05). Dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) was released from the sediments in all ponds with low flux rates. DOC was released from the sediment in all ponds and ranged from 0.67 to 1.74 g DOC m–2 d–1. The results suggested that non‐artificial‐feeding sea cucumber culture ponds could not only yield valuable seafood products, but also effectively remove nutrients from the aquaculture systems and consequently alleviate nutrient loadings of the nearby coast. 相似文献
11.
The effects of sewage organic matter on biogeochemical processes within mid-shelf sediments offshore Sydney, Australia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
G. P. Bickford 《Marine pollution bulletin》1996,33(7-12):168-181
A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted using replicate cores collected from a muddy-sand sediment facies offshore Sydney, Australia to determine what components and processes would be affected by the addition of sewage organic matter. Sewage effluent has a solid phase composition of 40% carbon (35% organic carbon), 5% nitrogen, 1% phosphorus and 5% silicate. The molecular C:N:P ratio is 92:10:1, compared to the Redfield ratio of 106:16:1 in marine phytoplankton. Sediment cores were incubated at in situ temperature in a darkened room for periods up to 95 days. Sewage organic matter was added to the cores at three different loads equivalent to 0 (T0), 65 (T1) and 130 (T2) g m−2 of sediment. Following the addition of sewage organic matter, fluxes of oxygen (into the sediments), ammonia and phosphate (from the sediments) increased, reflecting an enhanced organic carbon supply to the sediments. Oxygen penetrated to a depth of 6 mm in the ambient cores, but the sediment oxygen content was severely depleted following the addition of the sewage-derived organic matter. Sediment porewater data, together with nutrient flux data indicate that oxygen reduction, nitrate reduction and sulphate reduction occurs within these sediments. Following the addition of sewage organic matter, increases in total nitrogen, total phosphate and total organic carbon were measured to depths of 5 cm in the sediments, suggesting that bioturbation influences nutrient and organic carbon distributions. Additionally, irrigation of the surficial sediments may play an important role in the metabolism of organic matter. These results indicate that oxygen penetration, oxygen fluxes, nitrate concentrations within porewaters, ammonia flux rates, and solid phase concentrations of total organic carbon and nutrients may be useful indicators of sediments affected by high rates of organic matter deposition onto Sydney's offshore sediments. The EPA has recently predicted maximum deposition rates of sewage particulate matter to be approximately 1 g m−2 day−1. Because of the similarities in CNP ratios of sewage organic matter and marine organic matter, the effects of sewage organic matter and marine organic matter inputs to coastal sediments may not be easily distinguishable. 相似文献
12.
Sediment resuspension in two adjacent shallow coastal lakes: controlling factors and consequences on phosphate dynamics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Inmaculada de Vicente Luis Cruz-Pizarro Francisco J. Rueda 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2010,72(1):21-31
A combination of field measurements, modelling and laboratory experiments was used to evaluate the potential impact of sediment
resuspension on phosphorus (P) dynamics. The study was carried out in two adjacent shallow coastal lakes (Lake Honda and Lake
Nueva) which, due to their geographic proximity (only 200 m apart), are subject to equal meteorological forcing and represent
ideal systems to study how morphometry and sediment properties relate to wind events. The focusing factors (a measure of the
fluxes of sediment into the water column through resuspension) estimated by comparing settling fluxes measured in surface
sediment traps with those measured in bottom traps, were significantly larger (approximately 34% larger) in Lake Honda (LH;
1.18) than in Lake Nueva (LN; 0.88). Our model estimates of resuspension fluxes (E) were also ca. 40% larger in LH than in LN, in agreement with the observed focusing factors. The larger resuspension fluxes
encountered in LH, in comparison with LN, can mainly be explained by differences in lake morphometry. Still, they could arise
from differences in grain size distribution or in benthic algae concentration encountered in the lake sediments. By means
of adsorption experiments in the laboratory, we show that resuspension events will have different effects on P-dynamics in
LH and LN. While the resuspended material from LH tends to adsorb phosphate (PO4
3−), removing it from the water column, in LN the resuspended sediments tend to increase the availability of PO4
3− in solution. These differences arise from (1) higher concentrations of PO4
3− in water in LH compared to LN; and (2) larger PO4
3−adsorption capacity of the LH sediments as a result of the more abundant iron oxyhydroxides and clay. 相似文献
13.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(7-12):399-412
In order to quantify the spatial and seasonal variations of sediment oxygen consumption and nutrient fluxes, we performed a spatial survey in the south west lagoon of New Caledonia during the two major seasons (dry and wet) based on a network of 11 sampling stations. Stations were selected along two barrier reef to land transects representing most types of sediments encountered in the lagoon. Fluxes were measured using ex-situ sediment incubations and compared to sediment characteristics. Sediment oxygen consumption (SOC) varied between 500 and 2000 μmol m−2 h−1, depending on season and stations. Nutrient effluxes from sediment were highly variable with highest fluxes measured in muddy sediments near the coast. Inter-sample variability was as high as seasonal differences so that no seasonally driven temperature effect could be observed on benthic nutrient fluxes in our temperature range. Nutrient fluxes, generally directed from the sediment to the water column, varied between −5.0 and 70.0 μmol m−2 h−1 for ammonia and between −2.5 and +12.5 μmol m−2 h−1 for PO4 and NO2+3. SOC and nutrient fluxes were compared to pelagic primary production rates in order to highlight the tight coupling existing between the benthic and pelagic compartments in this shallow tropical lagoon. Under specific occasions of low pelagic productivity, oxygen sediment consumption and related carbon and nutrient fluxes could balance nearly all net primary production in the lagoon. These biogeochemical estimates point to the functional importance of sediment biogeochemistry in the lagoon of New Caledonia. 相似文献
14.
Florian Mermillod‐Blondin Jean‐Paul Gaudet Magali Grino Gaston Desrosiers Michel Creuz des Chtelliers 《水文研究》2003,17(4):779-794
The objective of this study was to measure the effects of invertebrates on the physical characteristics and microbial processes in hyporheic sediments. We investigated the impacts of an assemblage of three taxa (asellids, chironomid larvae, and tubificid worms) on sediment distribution, water fluxes, sediment organic carbon, biofilm (attached bacteria) characteristics, and O2, dissolved organic carbon NO3?, NO2?, and NH4+ concentrations in slow filtration sand–gravel columns. The results showed that invertebrates clearly modified the distribution of particles in the sediment column, probably because of the structures (tubes, macropores, and faecal pellets) produced by the three taxa in the sediment. Our assessment of water fluxes indicated that invertebrate activities led to an increase in the porosity of the sediment columns. In addition, aerobic (O2 consumption) and anaerobic (denitrification and fermentative decomposition of organic matter) microbial processes occurring in the sediment were stimulated in the presence of invertebrates. Finally, the present study demonstrates that invertebrates can act as ecosystem engineers in heterogeneous sediments that are under the influence of an advective flux of water. The solute residence time increased in columns containing the faunal assemblage. Micro‐organisms used more dissolved organic matter and nutrients in the presence of invertebrates because invertebrate activities increased the contact between the biofilm and water. We conclude that engineering by invertebrates in natural conditions modifies characteristics of the hyporheic zone and thereby enhances both the porosity of the sediment and the solute transport across the benthic interface. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
武汉东湖沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)的深度分布及其影响因素 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
提要沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)是硫化物的生成、氧化和扩散等综合作用的反映,有机物的供给、硫酸盐的还原等因素都能影响其分布特征。本文对武汉东湖三个污染程度不同站点的AVS深度分布特征进行了研究,结果表明,AVS含量在一定深度沉积物中具有最大值,东湖沉积物中AVS的深度分布具有两种不同的模式,Ⅰ站和Ⅱ站AVS浓度峰在5cm左右的表层沉积物中,且AVS还原层深度较狭窄,而Ⅲ站AVS浓度峰处于10-20cm深度范围,沉积物中有机质负荷的差异是导致这种分布特征的重要原因。沉积物中有机质含量对AVS的深度分布具有重要影响,高有机质负荷导致AVS浓度峰向表层迁移,且AVS还原层分布于较狭窄的深度范围,对方涛等对流-扩散模型的应用表明,该模型在高有机质负荷沉积物中(Ⅰ、Ⅱ站)AVS深度分布的应用较为理想,然而低有机质负荷沉积物中(Ⅲ站)不能准确反映AVS的深度分布特征,说明其应用范围具有一定的局限性。 相似文献
16.
滇池表层沉积物铵态氮吸附特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究滇池内源污染特征,2013年利用GIS软件针对滇池全湖布设36个采样点,采集表层沉积物,研究滇池表层沉积物铵态氮(NH_4+-N)吸附特征,同时分析沉积物的理化性质对NH_4+-N吸附特性的影响.结果表明:滇池表层沉积物对NH_4+-N的吸附量在前2 h之内呈增长趋势,吸附速率较大,之后沉积物对NH_4+-N的吸附量不随时间变化而变化,基本达到平衡,最大吸附速率均发生在0~5 min内;不同区域表层沉积物NH_4+-N最大吸附速率平均值表现为:外海南部湖心区外海北部草海,最大吸附量平均值表现为:湖心区外海南部外海北部草海,吸附效率平均值表现为:外海北部草海湖心区外海南部;沉积物对NH4+-N的吸附量与NH_4+-N的初始浓度大致呈线性关系,并且低浓度下表现出很好的吸附/解吸特征;滇池表层沉积物NH_4+-N的吸附解吸平衡浓度(ENC0)高于上覆水中NH_4+-N浓度,表明沉积物中NH_4+-N有向上覆水中释放的风险,沉积物在很长一段时间内起到水体污染"源"的作用;ENC0与沉积物中总氮、NH_4+-N含量呈显著正相关,本底吸附量和有机质总量呈显著负相关,沉积物吸附NH_4+-N主要受有机质的影响. 相似文献
17.
Inventory of nutrients in the Bohai 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biogeochemical observations were carried out to address the influence of major sources on nutrient composition and the ecosystem of the Bohai. Relatively high concentrations of nutrients off the Huanghe mouth and the shallow water areas were observed in the Bohai suggesting the effects of tidal and residual currents and anthropogenic perturbation. Sediment in the Bohai represents a source for ammonium, phosphate and dissolved silicate, while it is a sink for nitrite and nitrate. Benthic nutrient fluxes were 2-3 times higher than the riverine input with the regeneration rate of phosphate being slower relative to DIN and dissolved silicate. The release of dissolved silicate and phosphate from sediments may mitigate the decrease of dissolved silicate and phosphate due to the reduction of freshwater discharge. Compared with submarine groundwater discharge, nutrient regeneration in sediment provides similar DIN flux, 2-5 times phosphate and dissolved silicate fluxes. DIN/P molar ratios in the three mentioned sources were 155-845, indicating that phosphorus limitation for phytoplankton growth could be intensified, which likely results in changes of ecosystems of the Bohai. 相似文献
18.
过氧化钙在处理厌氧底泥中的应用初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为改善河道厌氧底质及内源氮、磷等营养盐释放问题,考察对沉水植被恢复的影响,研发可同步解决沉积物供氧和削减内源氮、磷释放的氧缓释材料.实验通过向沉积物-水界面处散点注射不同剂量的过氧化钙(Ca O2),研究界面处溶解氧的动态变化特征及表层沉积物与底层水体之间溶解态氮、磷的交换过程.结果表明:添加Ca O2显著提高了界面处底层上覆水溶解氧浓度,随着Ca O2浓度的增加溶解氧浓度增加,不同处理组之间具有显著差异;Ca O2对沉积物中PO3-4-P释放具有明显的抑制作用,且随Ca O2浓度的增加抑制效果愈加明显,上覆水中可溶性活性磷浓度最大可削减98%.实验开始时,磷释放速率可降至-241.916±22.501 mg/(m2·d),降幅最高可达到144%;Ca O2对沉积物NH+4-N释放的抑制效果不佳,上覆水中NH+4-N浓度随着时间的变化波动性较大,且有逐渐增大的趋势.另外,添加Ca O2会显著提高底层上覆水p H值,不同处理组之间差异显著,但当Ca O2投加量小于0.529 kg/m2时,不会对苦草种子的萌发生长有显著影响,p H值波动在可接受范围内(7.62~10.87).因此,结合污染沉积物的状况,适当地投加Ca O2有望同步解决底质厌氧、内源磷释放及后期沉水植被定植底质生境改善的问题,可推荐为一种黑臭污染底泥治理技术在实际的河道生态工程中应用,其适宜浓度为0.176 kg/m2左右. 相似文献
19.
东巢湖沉积物水界面氮、磷、氧迁移特征及意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以东巢湖近城市湖湾沉积物为研究对象,在沉积物氮、磷营养盐分析的基础上,采用沉积物柱状芯样静态释放模拟法定量评估研究区域沉积物—水界面氨氮、溶解性活性磷酸盐营养盐释放潜力,利用微电极非损伤测定技术获得沉积物—水微界面溶解氧(DO)剖面分布及微界面DO消耗和扩散特征.结果表明:东巢湖近城市湖湾沉积物氮、磷污染物蓄积量较高,受TN、TP污染程度较重.沉积物内源氨氮、磷酸盐释放明显,平均释放速率分别达到32.44 mg/(m~2·d)和1.25mg/(m~2·d),区域内沉积物已成为水柱中氮、磷营养盐的污染源.研究区域上覆水体处于好氧状态,沉积物—水微界面平均DO穿透深度(OPD)达到5.3 mm,平均DO扩散通量为4.56 mmol/(m~2·d),表现出良好的DO扩散能力.沉积物内源氨氮和磷酸盐释放能力与表层沉积物TN/TP物质含量及沉积物—水微界面DO穿透深度有关,在沉积物氮、磷污染较重的情况下,DO穿透深度越低越有利于氮、磷污染物从沉积物向上覆水体释放. 相似文献
20.
曝气充氧对城市污染河道内源铵态氮释放的控制 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以城市污染河道沉积物和上覆水为研究对象,利用模拟实验方法,探讨不同曝气充氧方式(水曝气EW、底泥曝气ES)对污染河道內源铵态氮(NH4+-N)释放的影响.研究结果发现:从间隙水和沉积物中NH4+-N的削减效果来看,底泥曝气均要优于水曝气;实验结束后,底泥曝气组沉积物与间隙水中NH4+-N含量分别减少63.39%和43.33%,水曝气组分别减少了7.54%和13.98%;从沉积物-水界面NH4+-N的扩散通量变化来看,水曝气组界面通量高于对照组,其变化规律与对照组相似;底泥曝气组沉积物-水界面NH4+-N扩散通量变化过程完全不同于其它两组,在整个试验周期内(除第5 d以外),底泥曝气组的通量低于水曝气组,在第15 d最低,为13.73 mg/(m2.d),仅为水曝气组和对照组的14.68%和19.93%,表明底泥曝气组沉积物NH4+-N的释放潜力低于水曝气组沉积物. 相似文献