共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 190 毫秒
1.
2.
资源型城市土地生态安全评价——以大庆市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大庆是我国著名的油田城市,经过近50年的油田开采,区域内草地三化严重,土壤有机质不断淋失,作业区内土地污染严重.植被覆盖度降低,土地生态环境恶化.从影响土地生态安全的自然、经济、社会3个方面出发构建大庆市土地生态安全评价体系,并采取熵权系数的方法确定各评价指标的权重,在此基础上,采用物元的方法对大庆市1990,1996,2000,2005年4个时段的土地生态安全情况进行评价,评价结果表明:①1990-2005年大庆市土地生态安全等级在逐步提高,但总体处在较低水平;②大庆市土地生态自然子系统的安全等级较低,而经济子系统的安全等级很高,说明由于油田的开采一方面带来了巨大的经济效益,另一方面对土地自然生态系统破坏较大;③大庆市土地生态的社会子系统相对稳定. 相似文献
3.
长山群岛旅游产业与生态环境协调发展研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于协调发展理论和耦合度模型,对长山群岛2006-2015年旅游产业与生态环境的耦合协调发展水平进行定量研究.结果表明:长山群岛旅游产业与生态系统耦合协调度处于提升阶段,发展速度较为缓慢;长山群岛旅游产业与生态环境耦合协调程度较差,协调度较低;长山群岛旅游产业系统综合评价指数与生态环境系统综合评价指数呈阶段性发展.2010年之前,旅游产业综合评价指数小于生态环境综合评价指数,生态环境是旅游产业发展的主要推动力.2011年之后,旅游产业综合评价指数明显大于生态环境综合评价指数,生态环境成为旅游产业发展的制约因素. 相似文献
4.
林西县矿业经济为地方经济发展做出了较大贡献,但作为矿业经济发展的重头戏矿产资源勘查对生态环境保护产生了影响.从矿产资源勘查破坏生态环境的面积、范围、时间、形式、人为因素分析了矿产资源勘查给生态环境造成的破坏,得出了矿产资源勘查对生态环境的破坏是矿业经济发展的障碍.提出了今后矿产资源勘查的生态环境的保护的几点建议,有助于今后矿产资源勘查的生态环境的保护. 相似文献
5.
城市旅游经济发展与生态环境建设密不可分,两者处于动态发展之中,既相互促进又相互制约.以池州市为例,构建了城市旅游经济与生态环境协调发展评价指标体系,并借鉴协调发展度模型,对池州市2001-2011年旅游经济与生态环境协调发展度进行定量测度,结果表明:池州市旅游经济和生态环境效益指数均呈上升趋势,旅游经济与生态环境系统协调发展度由0.1166升至0.8043,目前属于中度协调发展型.未来随着城市旅游经济的加速发展,生态环境的压力也越来越大,池州市要尽快采取相应措施促进旅游经济—生态环境系统向着良好协调发展型方向发展. 相似文献
6.
桉树人工林引种带来的生态环境问题是生态环境效应的研究热点,认识桉树对生态环境的作用机制,为桉树人工林的科学种植提供理论依据,有助于维护生态系统健康稳定,实现资源与经济的协调发展.从单因子生态环境效应（包括生物多样性、土壤侵蚀、土壤质量、植被指数、净初级生产力）和多因子生态环境综合效应（生态系统服务价值、生态环境综合效应）两方面总结桉树人工林引种的生态环境效应研究现状.最后提出今后应注重桉树人工林土壤质量综合评价、生态环境综合效应、植被指数（Vegetation index,Ⅵ）以及植被净初级生产力（Net primary productivity,NPP）的研究;结合多学科理论,充分发挥地理信息系统（Geographic Information System,GIS）、遥感（Remote Sensing,RS）的优势,客观地对桉树人工林的生态环境效应进行研究. 相似文献
7.
生态环境与人类生活息息相关,关注公众对生态环境的态度是生态环境监测的重要组成部分.日益丰富的社交媒体数据为获取大范围的公众反馈信息提供了快捷渠道.该文以成渝城市群为研究区,基于微博这一典型社交媒体数据,应用情感分析法并与遥感生态指数(RSEI)分析结果进行对比,从不同尺度探讨微博数据在生态环境监测中的潜力.结果表明:微博数据能够准确反映2010-2018年成渝城市群生态环境的演变,与RSEI的变化趋势一致,且对于区域内各城市,基于微博数据的生态情感指标与RSEI的灰色关联度较高;此外,微博数据能够反映局部区域的生态环境问题,如垃圾污染、绿化破坏和乱焚烧现象等,是对城市尺度生态环境监测的有效补充.微博数据在生态状况趋势评价、生态环境问题阐述和环境问题区域定位等方面具有应用潜力,可契合环境问题管理、完善生态环境监测体系和评价体制等多项应用需求,同时可作为遥感的辅助手段,为生态环境领域提供借鉴. 相似文献
8.
基于GIS与RS的生态农业旅游环境质量评价——以南充市木老乡为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
旅游环境是旅游业赖以生存和发展的前提和基础.在生态旅游迅速发展的今天,旅游者更加重视旅游地的生态环境.对旅游地生态环境质量进行评价,可为维持和提高旅游地生态环境质量提供科学依据.基于"3S"技术及其有关理论,构建了生态农业旅游环境质量综合评价体系,以南充市木老乡为例采用主成分分析法对木老乡生态农业旅游生态环境质量进行综合评价. 相似文献
9.
2009年广东省土地利用社会经济效益与生态环境效益协调发展研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用文献资料法,主成分分析法和空间分析法,分析广东省土地利用经济效益和生态环境效益空间分异,探讨社会经济效益和生态环境效益协调程度,为广东省土地利用结构优化、功能调整提供决策支持.研究结果表明:广东省土地利用经济效益和生态环境效益空间差异明显,协调发展水平偏低.其中珠江三角洲城市主要表现为生态环境滞后型,珠江三角洲外围城市则主要表现为社会经济滞后型.广东省土地利用的社会经济效益区域差异与经济发展格局基本相符,生态环境效益呈现出与社会经济效益逆向发展的态势. 相似文献
10.
城市化与生态环境协调发展是影响城市可持续发展的重要方面.为了总结珠三角地区城市化与生态环境协调发展的经验,以珠海市为研究对象,首先,在构建城市化与生态环境指标体系的基础上,利用主成分法综合评价珠海城市化和生态环境水平.其次,根据城市化与生态环境耦合含义和规律,引入动态耦合模型,探讨复合系统耦合度的时间变化特征.结果表明:1996-2011年,珠海市城市化与生态环境水平显著提高;耦合度的变化呈现出先大后小、再变大的“U”型形状,依据其变化特点将其划分为两个阶段.最后,通过分析耦合度变化的原因,为其他城市提供可借鉴的经验. 相似文献
11.
黑河流域土地利用变化对地下水资源的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Land use and land cover changes have a great impact on the regional hydrological process. Based on three periods of remote sensing data from the 1960s and the long-term observed data of groundwater from the 1980s, the impacts of land use changes on the groundwater system in the middle reach of Heihe River Basin in recent three decades are analyzed by the perspective of groundwater recharge and discharge system. The results indicate that with the different intensities of land use changes, the impacts on the groundwater recharge were 2.602 × 10^8 m^3/a in the former 15 years （1969-1985） and 0.218 × 10^8 m^3/a in the latter 15 years （1986-2000）, and the impacts on the groundwater discharge were 2.035 × 10^8 m^3/a and 4.91 × 10^8 m^3/a respectively. When the groundwater exploitation was in a reasonable range less than 3.0 × 10^8 m^3/a, the land use changes could control the changes of regional groundwater resources. Influenced by the land use changes and the large-scale exploitation in the recent decade, the groundwater resources present apparently regional differences in Zhangye region. Realizing the impact of land use changes on groundwater system and the characteristics of spatial-temporal variations of regional groundwater resources would be very important for reasonably utilizing and managing water and soil resources. 相似文献
12.
生态政策驱动下的内蒙古自治区杭锦旗土地利用及生态系统服务价值变化 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
基于1989、2001、2013年的遥感影像解译数据,采用生态系统服务价值评估方法,对生态政策实施前(1989—2001年)及实施后(2001—2013年)的内蒙古自治区杭锦旗土地利用及生态系统服务价值变化进行了对比分析。结果表明:生态政策实施后杭锦旗林地面积变化量为12.84×104 hm2,高于实施前的0.24×104 hm2;沙地面积变化量为-7.20×104 hm2,高于实施前的-0.27×104 hm2。生态政策实施后土壤形成与保护功能的生态系统服务价值增加4.22亿元,高于实施前的0.20亿元;水源涵养功能的生态系统服务价值增加3.43亿元,高于实施前的2.19亿元;总生态系统服务价值增加23.82亿元,高于实施前的5.61亿元。通过实施生态政策,杭锦旗土地利用结构得以优化,生态系统服务价值得以提高,水土保持能力得以增强。但水域退化、耕地转换合理度较低等问题仍有待解决,论文对此也提出了相应的对策建议。 相似文献
13.
长江口滨岸湿地沉积物对上覆水体中无机氮的净化能力估算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Estuarine wetlands serve as a natural barrier to remove the land-generated pollut-ants and attenuate the pollutant load from the land to the sea. As one of the most important estuarine wetlands, the Yangtze estuarine wetlands have attracted particular interests in the biogeochemical studies of nutrients. The objectives of this study were to characterize the seasonal and spatial distribution of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) fluxes across the sediment-water interface; to calculate the total DIN fluxes in a year and different seasons; and to evaluate the DIN removing capability of the sediment in the tidal wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary. The spatial distribution of DIN fluxes shows complicated seasonal variations and spatial differences. The annual DIN fluxes range from -22.22 mmol N m-2 h-1 to 19.54 mmolN m-2 h-1, with an average of -1.48±1.34 mmol N m-2 h-1. The tidal wetlands in the Yangtze Estuary behave as a source of water DIN in spring when DIN is released from sediment into overlying water, and the released amount of DIN is 1.33×104 tons of nitrogen (T N). In sum-mer, autumn and winter, the sediment absorbs the DIN from the overlying water, and the absorbed amounts of DIN are 4.36×104 T N, 6.81×104 T N and 2.24×104 T N, respectively. The average amount of DIN in overlying water of the Yangtze Estuary is 52.6×104 T N yr-1, and the perennial average amount of DIN absorbed from the overlying water by the sediment is 12.1×104 T N yr-1. The annual DIN elimination rate of the tidal wetlands was 23.0%. 相似文献
14.
西北地区的退耕规模、粮食响应及政策建议 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
退耕还林(草)是西北地区生态环境建设的重大举措,但退耕必然会对的粮食生产带来直接影响。基于全国土地利用详查的分县数据,研究认为:(1)按照法律规定,大于25度的陡坡耕地必须无条件地退耕。仅此一项,西北地区就必须退耕153.6×104hm2,占现有耕地的9.2%,粮食减产为71.2×104t,占1996年粮食产量的2.2%,对全区人均粮食占有量的影响很小;(2)在保证人均耕地0.1hm2前提下对大于15度的坡耕地退耕,则退耕面积可达347.8×104hm2,超过现有耕地的1/5;对应的粮食减产为234.5×104t,是1996年粮食产量的7.3%,甘肃、陕西和青海的粮食减产比例都在1/10左右,退耕带来的直接粮食减产效应是显而易见的。最后针对西北地区的退耕规模及其粮食响应,提出了两条政策建议 相似文献
15.
W. Siyuan L. Jingshi Y. Cunjian 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(10):1077-1092
Using Landsat TM data from 1995 and 2000, changes in the landscape erosion pattern of the Yellow River Basin, China were analysed. The aim was to improve our understanding of soil‐erosion change so that sustainable land use could be established. First, a soil‐erosion intensity index model was developed to study soil‐erosion intensity change in the study area. Over the 5 years, the areas of weak erosion, moderate erosion, severe erosion, and very severe erosion all increased. The area of weak erosion increased dramatically by 7.94×105 ha, and areas of slight erosion and acute erosion decreased by 1.93×106 ha and 4.50×104 ha, respectively. The results show that while the intensity of soil erosion has gradually been decreasing as a whole, in some regions the soil erosion is becoming more severe. Based on landscape indices, the pattern of changes in soil erosion over the past 5 years was analysed. The changes in landscape pattern of soil erosion resulted from human activities. Analysis showed that human impact increases fragmentation, having three major effects on landscape pattern, reduction in patch area, variations in patch shape, and changes in spatial pattern. In the study area, population growth, farming, governmental policy and forest degradation are the major factors causing soil erosion change over a 5‐year period. 相似文献
16.
四川紫色土地区鹤鸣观小流域分布式侵蚀产沙模型 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从四川省南部县鹤鸣观小流域Ⅱ号支沟为研究区,构建了适合紫色土地区小流域分布式侵蚀产沙模型。该模型以20m×20m栅格为空间步长,以10min为时间步长,定量分析鹤鸣观小流域Ⅱ号支沟水土流失程度,模拟了各时段每个栅格次降雨侵蚀产沙过程,计算了每个栅格次降雨径流量、侵蚀量与沉积量,并且运用递归算法计算出整个流域次降雨侵蚀产沙量,模型能够评价流域下垫面各因子空间分布不均匀性和人类活动的影响。在鹤鸣观小流域Ⅱ号支沟进行了模型的检验,模拟过程与实测结果符合较好。 相似文献
17.
黄土高原土壤侵蚀规律研究工作回顾 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
1950年以来,黄土高原土壤侵蚀规律研究工作已建立了完整的分类系统,进行了侵蚀区划,查明了黄河泥沙及其中的粗泥沙来源。定量评价了各自然因子和人为因子与侵蚀量的关系。黄河自古多沙,而近期更加强烈。指出了过去研究工作中的主要问题。 相似文献
18.
The basic characteristics and spatial patterns of global cultivated land change since the 1980s 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
In this paper, we analyzed the spatial patterns of cultivated land change between 1982 and 2011 using global vector-based land use/land cover data. (1) Our analysis showed that the total global cultivated land area increased by 528.768×104 km2 with a rate of 7.920×104 km2/a, although this increasing trend was not significant. The global cultivated land increased fastest in the 1980s. Since the 1980s, the cultivated land area in North America, South America and Oceania increased by 170.854×104 km2, 107.890×104 km2, and 186.492×104 km2, respectively. In contrast, that in Asia, Europe and Africa decreased by 23.769×104 km2, 4.035×104 km2 and 86.76×104 km2, respectively. Furthermore, the cultivated land area in North America, South America and Oceania exhibited significant increasing trends of 7.236× 104 km2/a, 2.780×104 km2/a and 3.758×104 km2/a, respectively. On the other hand, that of Asia, Europe and Africa exhibited decreasing trend rates of–5.641×104 km2/a,–0.831×104 km2/a and–0.595×104 km2/a, respectively. Moreover, the decreasing trend in Asia was significant. (2) Since the 1980s, the increase in global cultivated lands was mainly due to converted grasslands and woodlands, which accounted for 53.536% and 26.148% of the total increase, respectively. The increase was found in southern and central Africa, eastern and northern Australia, southeastern South America, central US and Alaska, central Canada, western Russia, northern Finland and northern Mongolia. Among them, Botswana in southern Africa experienced an 80%–90% increase, making it the country with the highest increase worldwide. (3) Since the 1980s, the total area of cultivated lands converted to other types of land was 1071.946×104 km2. The reduction was mainly converted to grasslands and woodlands, which accounted for 57.482% and 36.000%, respectively. The reduction occurred mainly in southern Sudan in central Africa, southern and central US, southern Russia, and southern European countries including Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Hungary. The greatest reduction occurred in southern Africa with a 60% reduction. (4) The cultivated lands in all the continents analyzed exhibited a trend of expansion to high latitudes. Additionally, most countries displayed an expansion of newly increased cultivated lands and the reduction of the original cultivated lands. 相似文献
19.
Cultivated land change in the Belt and Road Initiative region 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)–a development strategy proposed by China – provides unprecedented opportunities for multi-dimensional communication and cooperation across Asia, Africa and Europe. In this study, we analyse the spatio-temporal changes in cultivated land in the BRI countries (64 in total) to better understand the land use status of China along with its periphery for targeting specific collaboration. We apply FAO statistics and GlobeLand30 (the world’s finest land cover data at a 30-m resolution), and develop three indicator groups (namely quantity, conversion, and utilization degree) for the analysis. The results show that cultivated land area in the BRI region increased 3.73×104 km2 between 2000 and 2010. The increased cultivated land was mainly found in Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia, while the decreased cultivated land was mostly concentrated in China. Russia ranks first with an increase of 1.59×104 km2 cultivated land area, followed by Hungary (0.66×104 km2) and India (0.57×104 km2). China decreased 1.95×104 km2 cultivated land area, followed by Bangladesh (–0.22×104 km2) and Thailand (–0.22×104 km2). Cultivated land was mainly transferred to/from forest, grassland, artificial surfaces and bare land, and transfer types in different regions have different characteristics: while large amount of cultivated land in China was converted to artificial surfaces, considerable forest was converted to cultivated land in Southeast Asia. The increase of multi-cropping index dominated the region except the Central and Eastern Europe, while the increase of fragmentation index was prevailing in the region except for a few South Asian countries. Our results indicate that the negative consequence of cultivated land loss in China might be underestimated by the domestic- focused studies, as none of its close neighbours experienced such obvious cultivated land losses. Nevertheless, the increased cultivated land area in Southeast Asia and the extensive cultivated land use in Ukraine and Russia imply that the regional food production would be greatly improved if China’ “Go Out policy” would help those countries to intensify their cultivated land use. 相似文献
20.
Jia Ning Jiyuan Liu Wenhui Kuang Xinliang Xu Shuwen Zhang Changzhen Yan Rendong Li Shixin Wu Yunfeng Hu Guoming Du Wenfeng Chi Tao Pan Jing Ning 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(5):547-562
Land use/cover change is an important theme on the impacts of human activities on the earth systems and global environmental change. National land-use changes of China during 2010–2015 were acquired by the digital interpretation method using the high-resolution remotely sensed images, e.g. the Landsat 8 OLI, GF-2 remote sensing images. The spatiotemporal characteristics of land-use changes across China during 2010–2015 were revealed by the indexes of dynamic degree model, annual land-use changes ratio etc. The results indicated that the built-up land increased by 24.6×103 km2 while the cropland decreased by 4.9×103 km2, and the total area of woodland and grassland decreased by 16.4×103 km2. The spatial pattern of land-use changes in China during 2010–2015 was concordant with that of the period 2000–2010. Specially, new characteristics of land-use changes emerged in different regions of China in 2010–2015. The built-up land in eastern China expanded continually, and the total area of cropland decreased, both at decreasing rates. The rates of built-up land expansion and cropland shrinkage were accelerated in central China. The rates of built-up land expansion and cropland growth increased in western China, while the decreasing rate of woodland and grassland accelerated. In northeastern China, built-up land expansion slowed continually, and cropland area increased slightly accompanied by the conversions between paddy land and dry land. Besides, woodland and grassland area decreased in northeastern China. The characteristics of land-use changes in eastern China were essentially consistent with the spatial govern and control requirements of the optimal development zones and key development zones according to the Major Function-oriented Zones Planning implemented during the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011–2015). It was a serious challenge for the central government of China to effectively protect the reasonable layout of land use types dominated with the key ecological function zones and agricultural production zones in central and western China. Furthermore, the local governments should take effective measures to strengthen the management of territorial development in future. 相似文献