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1.
桩端条件对灌注桩荷载传递特性的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以荷载传递法为基础,研究了桩端条件对灌注桩荷载传递特性的影响。采用考虑桩侧软化的三阶段荷载传递函数,并以三折线模型模拟桩端土劣化或沉渣的影响,通过静力平衡条件建立微分控制方程。以桩端沉降和端阻力为边界条件,并将桩侧双曲线段的非线性两阶常微分方程转化为积分方程,并用数值方法求解,可以得到桩身任意截面的沉降、轴力和侧摩阻力。通过参数分析,研究了不同桩端刚度和不同沉渣厚度下灌注桩的荷载-沉降曲线和桩侧摩阻力的分布情况,讨论桩端条件对单桩荷载传递特性的影响。对两组相邻试桩的工程实例进行分析计算,结果表明,该方法能较好地反映实际情况。 相似文献
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J. R. Omer 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2015,10(3):223-233
A new computer program “PILESET” is developed for use in predicting the bearing capacity and load-settlement behaviour of axially loaded single piles. The program can analyse almost any soil profile and accommodates (a) displacement piles (b) replacement (c) friction piles, (d) end-bearing piles, (e) under-reamed piles and (f) partially sleeved piles. A variety of soil input data can be used, including: (i) standard penetration tests, (ii) cone/piezo-cone tests, (iii) pressure-meter tests and (iv) laboratory tests. The above data types can be combined, if desired, for pile analysis by PILESET. The program calculates the shaft and base capacities of a pile based on 23 methods published in design guides in over 10 European countries. PILESET also predicts the pile load-settlement curve using five published methods, which include two modified load transfer (t-z) approaches formulated by the author. To demonstrate the capabilities of the program, analysis is carried out for case study involving seven full-scale screw piles formed in sand and tested to failure. In each case, the load-settlement curve computed using the author’s modified method in PILESET is found to be in excellent agreement with the actual pile test results. 相似文献
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Tapered piles represent a more equitable distribution of the pile material in several respects. In order to study their efficiency over piles of uniform section with the same material input, a three-dimensional finite element analysis is developed. The numerical procedure accounts for the non-linear elastic behaviour of both the soil and the pile-soil interface. In order to include the latter, which involves relative slip and debonding, zero/non-zero thickness interface elements are used. Three shapes of cross-section, viz. circular, square and triangular, have been attempted for the piles. The load-settlement behaviour under axial load predicted by the analysis is compared with laboratory test results obtained on instrumented model piles, installed as ‘replacement’ piles, and the fit obtained is found to be reasonably good. Also examined are interface shear and axial force in the pile, displacement and stress fields in the medium and the progression of failure in the latter. 相似文献
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高速铁路超长桥桩承载特性试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
超长桩广泛已应用于土木工程各个领域,但黄土地区超长桩的承载性状和变形特性尚不十分清楚,需要进一步研究。通过对郑西铁路客运专线某特大桥的4根超长桩现场测试项目的资料分析,得出了超长桩桩身轴力及侧阻力的变化规律,对超长桩的承载特性有了更为清晰的了解。试验结果表明,在桩顶竖向荷载作用下,桩身轴力随荷载的增加发生了局部调整,砂性土层的桩侧摩阻力具有增强效应,黏性土层的桩侧摩阻力具有退化效应;单桩竖向刚度随桩顶荷载的增加而减小,单桩竖向刚度降低40 %～70 %。 相似文献
6.
现浇X形桩桩-土荷载传递规律现场试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
现浇X形混凝土桩（简称X形桩）是为了更好地满足沿海、沿江软土地基处理应用而开发的一种新桩型。该新型桩具有比表面积大、侧向摩阻力高,施工便捷,经济效益高等技术经济优势;但针对其在复合地基中桩-土荷载传递规律特性的研究却相对较少。结合某污水处理厂软基处理工程,开展了X形桩复合地基中桩-土荷载传递规律的现场试验,测得了荷载-沉降关系,桩-土荷载分担比、桩-土应力比,以及桩身轴力等发展情况,分析了不同工况下复合地基中桩-土协调相互作用和中性点位置规律;并将等混凝土用量圆形桩和X形桩的单桩静载荷试验作为对比分析。研究结果表明,本文试验条件下复合地基中X形桩桩侧正、负摩阻力转化发生在0.2倍桩长处,桩侧正摩阻力最大值约为其负摩阻力最大值的140 %;相同桩长情况下桩-土应力比随竖向荷载等级增长速率随桩间距的增加而减小。 相似文献
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基于荷载传递法,建立了热力耦合作用下能量桩单桩工作特性的简化分析方法。该方法中将桩-土荷载传递函数取为双曲线,采用曼辛法则模拟温度循环过程中桩-土界面的卸载和再加载特性,通过再加载过程中刚度的折减近似考虑塑性变形的积累。利用矩阵位移法求解控制方程组后可直接得到任意温度-力学组合作用下的桩体变形、桩身轴力、桩侧阻力和桩端阻力,无需事先假设温度位移零点的位置。通过与试验数据的对比分析,验证了所提方法的可靠性。结合算例,研究了能量桩的长期工作特性。结果表明,温度循环会造成自由桩的桩顶沉降增加,固定桩的桩顶应力减小,温度循环的影响与桩顶静力荷载水平和土体刚度的衰减程度密切相关。 相似文献
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在大桩径、小桩距的群桩条件下,不仅有来自桩侧、桩端和承台传递的多重应力叠加,还有群桩对桩间土的夹持作用影响,桩-土-承台之间作用更加复杂。用有限差分软件模拟固定桩距、桩径,变化竖向荷载下桩-土-承台的相互作用。从各层土的侧摩阻力、不同位置桩的桩顶荷载、荷载-沉降关系、桩间土体位移等方面的计算结果分析桩-土-承台之间的相互影响。结果表明,荷载超出117.8 MN（略大于Pu/2,Pu为群桩极限承载力）后,群桩对上部桩间土的夹持作用开始减小,桩侧上部侧摩阻力增大;桩侧下部侧摩阻力在多重应力叠加作用下呈减小趋势,不同位置的桩侧摩阻力影响范围有差异;用群桩沉降达到5%倍桩径时的荷载作为群桩的竖向极限承载力是可取的;当沉降与桩径的比值超出1%后,承台分担荷载的比例逐渐增大,群桩分担荷载的比例减小。 相似文献
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Anil Misra Lance A. Roberts Steven M. Levorson 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(1):65-77
Load displacement analysis of drilled shafts can be accomplished by utilizing the “t-z” method, which models soil resistance
along the length and tip of the drilled shaft as a series of springs. For non-linear soil springs, the governing differential
equation that describes the soil-structure interaction may be discretized into a set of algebraic equations based upon finite
difference methods. This system of algebraic equations may be solved to determine the load–displacement behavior of the drilled
shaft when subjected to compression or pullout. By combining the finite difference method with Monte Carlo simulation techniques, a probabilistic load–displacement analysis can be conducted. The probabilistic analysis is advantageous
compared to standard factor of safety design because uncertainties with the shaft–soil interface and tip properties can be
independently quantified. This paper presents a reliability analysis of drilled shaft behavior by combining the finite difference
technique for analyzing non-linear load–displacement behavior with Monte Carlo simulation method. As a result we develop probabilistic relationships for drilled shaft design for both total stress (undrained)
and effective stress (drained) parameters. The results are presented in the form of factor of safety or resistance factors
suitable for serviceability design of drilled shafts. 相似文献
11.
以温州半岛工程为背景,对薄壁筒桩进行现场载荷试验,以研究其荷载传递机理。研究结果表明：薄壁筒桩荷载—沉降曲线属于缓降型曲线,具有较好的承载性能。桩身轴力自上向下逐渐发挥,当桩端持力层较好时,薄壁筒桩表现为端承摩擦型桩;当桩端持力层较差时,薄壁筒桩表现为纯摩擦型桩。桩身上部与下部土层摩阻力异步起作用的主要原因是,随着桩顶荷载的增大,桩土相对位移是从桩身上部到桩身下部逐渐的。 相似文献
12.
Analytical methods for the axial responses of piles can be classified under three broad categories of (1) simple but approximate analytical solutions, (2) one-dimensional numerical algorithms, (3) full axisymmetric analyses using boundary or finite element approaches. The first two categories rely on the so-called load transfer approach, with interaction between pile and soil determined by independent springs distributed along the pile shaft and at the pile base. The non-linear spring stiffness is related to the elastic–plastic properties of the actual soil partly by empirically based correlations and partly by theoretical arguments based on simplified models of the pile–soil system. This paper presents new closed-form solutions for the axial response of piles in elastic–plastic, non-homogeneous, media. The solutions fall in the first of the three categories above, and have been verified through extensive parametric studies using more rigorous one-dimensional and continuum analyses. The effect of non-homogeneity and partial slip on the load and displacement profiles along the pile shaft is explored, and comparisons are presented with experimental data. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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大直径超长钻孔灌注桩荷载分层传递特性试验分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
基于＂上海市虹桥综合交通枢纽交通中心工程西交通广场＂工程现场静载荷试验和桩身应力测试结果,分析竖向荷载作用下大直径超长钻孔灌注桩在成层土中的荷载传递特性。本工程试桩已加载至破坏,对此试验结果进行分析,能为深入研究大直径超长钻孔灌注桩的承载性状提供有价值的工程参考。本次试验结果表明：1）大直径超长钻孔灌注桩桩端承载力所占比例较低,荷载-沉降关系为陡降型,存在明显拐点;2）桩侧与桩端阻力非同步发挥且相互影响,而上下土层侧阻力系先后发挥至极限;3）根据试桩实测数据,土层埋深对桩周具有相似物理力学性质土层的侧摩阻力影响较大。 相似文献
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Large-scale pile tests in Mercia mudstone: Data analysis and evaluation of current design methods 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
J. R. Omer R. B. Robinson R. Delpak J. K. C. Shih 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2003,21(3):167-200
Full-scale load tests were carried out on six instrumented large diameter bored, cast in-situ piles formed in Mercia mudstone, as part of the design of a new Viaduct in Cardiff, UK. In this paper, the results from six
test piles and extensive data from 218 ground investigation boreholes are systematically processed in order to study the load
transfer and resistance mechanisms in Mercia mudstone. Data from strain gauges embedded in each pile are first analysed to
calibrate the load-deformation relationship of each pile as-built, taking into account (i) the non-linearity of concrete and
(ii) the effect of partial steel encasement on pile stiffness at various levels. The shaft and base capacity of the piles
are each predicted using 10 calculation methods belonging to the four basic categories: (i) Undrained analysis, (ii) Drained
analysis, (iii) Mixed approach and (iv) Empirical correlation. It is found that the shaft capacity prediction methods are
moderately consistent. The standard deviations of the ratio Q
sp/Q
sm of predicted to observed shaft capacity lies in the range 0.06–0.24. However, 8 of these methods are over-conservative, giving
Q
sp/Q
sm values in the range 0.29–0.67. The remaining two methods yield Q
sp/Q
sm = 1.01 and 1.49. In contrast, the prediction methods for base capacity are found to be much less consistent. The ratio Q
bp/Q
bm of predicted to measured base capacity falls in the interval 0.52–1.93, with corresponding standard deviations of 0.16–0.82.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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静钻根植竹节桩是由预应力竹节桩和桩周水泥土构成的一种新型组合桩基,该新型桩不仅承载性能较好,而且可以大量减少桩基施工过程中所产生的泥浆污染。通过静钻根植竹节桩和钻孔灌注桩的静荷载对比试验及埋设在竹节桩桩身上的应变计对桩身轴力进行测量,分析了静钻根植竹节桩桩身的轴力分布情况以及侧摩阻力的分布,用有限元软件ABAQUS对静钻根植竹节桩进行三维建模计算,详细地分析这种新型组合桩的荷载传递机制。结合现场试验与模拟计算可以得到:在软土地区,静钻根植竹节桩这种新型组合桩的承载力比普通钻孔灌注桩要高;静钻根植竹节桩桩身变形由预制桩所控制,竹节桩与桩外围水泥土近似变形协调;竹节桩竹节的存在对组合桩承载性能有着极其重要的作用;在软土中静钻根植桩侧摩阻力是灌注桩侧摩阻力的1.051.10倍。 相似文献
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通过模型试验研究了竖向荷载作用下砂土中斜桩的荷载传递性状,分析了桩身倾角及长径比对斜桩桩身轴力、弯矩、剪力、桩侧摩阻力及端阻比的影响。试验结果表明：在桩顶竖向荷载作用下,斜桩桩身轴力均小于相应直桩桩身轴力,桩身倾角越大,轴力沿深度衰减得越快,桩长径比越大,轴力沿深度衰减得也越快;斜桩桩身最大弯矩随桩身倾角及长径比的增加而增加,最大弯矩出现的深度与桩身倾角无关,只与长径比相关;不论桩身倾角及长径比的大小,斜桩桩身最大剪力均出现在桩顶截面处,桩身最大剪力随着桩身倾角的增加而增大;桩身倾角越大,斜桩最大摩阻力越大,长径比越大,斜桩最大摩阻力越小,斜桩最大摩阻力出现在桩顶下1/4～1/5桩长处;斜桩端阻比随着桩顶竖向荷载的增加而增大,随着桩身倾角及长径比的增加而减小。 相似文献
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Rock socketed piles have a number of features which differentiate them from other types of piles. The generally stubby geometry leads to more even distribution of capacity between shaft and base. However, the low ratio of pile modulus to rock modulus leads to high compressibility and this, coupled with a tendency for the load transfer response along the shaft to exhibit strain-softening, gives rise to an overall response where the shaft capacity may be fully mobilized, and potentially degraded, before significant mobilization of base load. The paper presents results of finite element analyses of the response of rock-socketed piles, with particular attention to the shaft response with and without intimate base contact. The shaft interface uses a model, developed from principles of tribology, that includes dilation (and strain-hardening) prior to peak shaft friction, followed by strain-softening at larger displacements. The results of the study are shown to be consistent with field measurements, and to capture effects of the absolute pile diameter on the peak shaft friction. It is also shown that intimate base contact mitigates significantly the degree of strain-softening of the shaft response. 相似文献
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超大面积深厚软土桩-网复合地基承载性状模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于厦深铁路潮汕车站地基处理加固工程,完全参照原型的软土地基地层分布情况,设计了两种不同桩间距下的超大面积深厚软土桩-网复合地基物理模型试验,对荷载传递机制与不同桩间距下桩体荷载分担比、桩土应力比及地基沉降规律等进行了系统研究。结果表明,桩身轴力沿着桩身高度往下先逐渐增大到某一深度后又逐渐减小,随着桩间距增大,桩承担上部荷载的方式由摩擦桩逐渐向端承桩变化;随着桩间距增大,桩身中性点下移,桩身最大负摩阻力出现的位置下降,且其值减小;桩间距对桩-土应力比有显著影响,而对桩体荷载分担比影响较小;不同桩间距下,两桩中心桩间土与桩顶差异沉降均小于4桩中心桩间土与桩顶差异沉降;随着路堤填土荷载增加,土工格栅表现为拉应变逐渐增大,拉应变曲线刚开始比较平缓,后逐渐变陡,增大的速率先慢后快。 相似文献