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1.
黄海是中国近海生态系统的重要组成部分,蕴藏着丰富的海洋生物资源。本研究利用碳氮稳定同位素技术,对该海域大型底栖动物的食物源、营养级和底栖食物网结构进行了研究。结果表明,底栖动物的食物源悬浮颗粒有机物(POM)、沉积物有机物(SOM)、浮游植物和浮游动物的δ~(15)N平均值为:浮游动物浮游植物SOMPOM,δ~(13)C平均值为:SOM浮游动物浮游植物POM。共测定了54种底栖动物的碳氮稳定同位素,其δ~(15)N值范围为5.81‰(美原双眼钩虾)～14.6‰(黄鲫),δ~(13)C值范围为-21.51‰(日本胡桃蛤)～-8.38‰(司氏盖蛇尾)。软体动物双壳类大多数以SOM和浮游植物作为主要食物来源;软体动物腹足类大多数为以小型软体动物和多毛类为食的肉食性动物;节肢动物蟹类是以POM、SOM、浮游动植物、小型软体动物和多毛类等为食的杂食性动物;节肢动物虾类大多数以浮游动物和端足类等小型甲壳类为食;小型鱼类大多数以浮游动物和小型软甲类为食;大中型鱼类则是以小型鱼类、小型软甲类和小型软体动物为食。本研究中的54种底栖动物的营养级范围为1.20～3.57。其中,双壳类等10种处于1～2营养级,腹足类、蟹类、虾类和小型鱼类等36种处于2～3营养级,大中型鱼类等8种处于3以上营养级。基于大型底栖动物的食物源和营养关系,初步构建了黄海底栖食物网。 相似文献
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黄河三角洲米草入侵对滩涂底栖动物多样性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2005年5,8,10月份对黄河三角洲的无棣县岔尖、东营市五号桩、小清河口米草分布区与非米草分布区底栖动物进行了调查.结果表明:米草分布区底栖动物种类少于非米草分布区的,优势种类相对多度存在差异;岔尖、小清河口米草分布区底栖动物平均密度高于非米草区的,生物量均高于非米草分布区的,但五号桩米草分布区底栖动物密度低于非米草分布区的;米草入侵导致小型螺类密度高,蛤类、蟹类密度低;岔尖、五号桩米草分布区与非米草分布区底栖动物多样性、均匀度、优势度无显著差异,小清河口则反之.米草入侵改变了底栖动物的群落结构,对小清河口底栖动物多样性影响较显著. 相似文献
3.
受河流沿岸工农业发展以及人口急剧增加影响,小清河河口及邻近海域受到严重污染。口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)作为小清河河口及邻近海域重要渔业资源之一,承受着巨大的捕捞和生存压力。为了掌握口虾蛄种群在该区域的种群遗传多样性,本研究于2020年6—10月在小清河河口及邻近海域采集口虾蛄生物样本,进行了基于线粒体COI基因的种群遗传多样性分析。研究结果表明,基于216条长度为655bp的COI基因片段,共定义90个单倍型,63个多态位点,其中包括59个转换位点,1个颠换位点和3个转换与颠换同时存在的位点,核苷酸多样性指数和单倍型多样性分别为0.9700和0.0051。与其他海域相比,小清河河口种群遗传多样性处于相对较高水平;同时遗传结构分析发现黄渤海与东海及南海分布的口虾蛄种群遗传变异较大,但黄渤海海域内遗传变异较小。通过本研究基本掌握了小清河河口及邻近海域口虾蛄种群遗传多样性背景,也可为口虾蛄资源管理以及种质资源库建立等提供科学的基础理论依据。 相似文献
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环境饵料丰度的季节变化对筼筜湖3种大型底栖动物食性的影响——来自稳定同位素的证据 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
测定了不同时期筼筜湖3种大型底栖动物(沙筛贝Mytilopsis sallei、日本大螯蜚Grandidierella japonica和腺带刺沙蚕Neanthes japonica)及其潜在食源的稳定同位素组成(δ13C和δ15 N),研究环境饵料丰度的季节变化对筼筜湖3种大型底栖动物食性的影响。结果显示,筼筜湖悬浮颗粒有机物(Particulate organic matter∶POM)的δ13C和δ15 N存在明显的季节变化。3月,受到输入筼筜湖的西海域海水大量陆源有机碎屑以及湖区周围的生活污水以及餐饮业输入的影响,筼筜湖POM的δ13 C和δ15 N明显贫化;而在9月,POM中δ13 C和δ15 N明显富集的内源性浮游植物的贡献增加。沙筛贝是典型的底栖滤食者,主要以POM为食,但它比POM富集的δ13 C值(3月和9月二者之间的Δδ13 C分别为2.9‰和1.6‰)表明它还摄入其他δ13 C相对富集的食物来源:石莼来源的有机碎屑可能是3月份沙筛贝δ13C富集的原因,而9月份则是由于再悬浮的底栖微藻对沙筛贝食源的贡献引起的。食碎屑的腺带刺沙蚕和日本大螯蜚在3月以石莼及其表面的附生生物为食,而9月份底栖微藻和浮游植物来源的POM是它们食源的主要贡献者。本研究的结果显示,筼筜湖3种大型底栖动物的δ15 N都出现明显的季节变化(Δδ15 N介于2.2‰~4.3‰),这是由于它们食源稳定同位素的季节性波动及其食性的季节变化引起的,而消费者食性的季节性变化则受到不同时期环境食物可利用性的影响。 相似文献
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为充分掌握XX核电厂运营后其邻近海域大型底栖动物群落的变化情况，文章通过大型底栖生物污染指数（MPI）评价海域生态环境质量，并探讨对核电取水安全存在潜在风险的大型底栖动物，为核电厂建立循环冷却水系统取水安全预警平台奠定基础。研究结果表明：在温排水干扰的背景下，至2015年研究海域大型底栖动物的种类组成、生物量和密度均未产生明显的规律性变化；优势种有17种，主要隶属多毛类环节动物和软体动物，生态组以干扰敏感种（EG Ⅰ）和干扰不敏感种（EG Ⅱ）为主；研究海域的环境质量总体处于清洁到轻度污染的水平，夏季航次的环境质量优于冬季航次，但二者无显著性差异；对核电取水安全存在潜在风险的生物包括海地瓜、棘刺锚参、棒锥螺、爪哇拟塔螺和小荚蛏。 相似文献
6.
本研究根据2012—2016年8月浙江北部海域大型底栖动物的调查资料,对浙江北部海域4个区域(杭州湾、舟山海域、象山海域和近海区域)的大型底栖动物优势种的时空变化进行了研究。结果表明,5个航次大型底栖动物优势种有29种(优势度0.02),其中多毛类动物13种,软体动物7种,甲壳动物2种,鱼类2种,纽形动物2种,棘皮动物2种以及刺胞动物1种。对浙江北部海域大型底栖动物优势种的时空分布进行分析,结果表明:杭州湾优势种种类最少,时空分布变化明显;近海优势种组成较复杂,包含甲壳动物、软体动物、多毛类动物、鱼类、棘皮动物和纽形动物;象山海域的优势种组成较简单,优势种以多毛类动物为主;舟山海域的优势种中多毛类动物种类数逐年增加。对研究区域大型底栖动物优势种的变化趋势进行分析,浙江北部海域大型底栖动物优势种中多毛类动物明显增加,取代该海域软体动物优势地位。大型底栖动物优势种的时空分布变化与有机质积累、底质环境改变以及食物网变化密切相关,浙江北部海域的生态环境状况在不断恶化。 相似文献
7.
长江口及其邻近海域大型底栖动物生物量、丰度和次级生产力的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为了解长江口及邻近海域大型底栖动物生物量、丰度和次级生产力的分布情况于2004年2月、5月、8月和11月共4个航次分别在长江口40个观测站采集大型底栖动物定量样品并利用Brey的经验公式对大型底栖动物栖息丰度、生物量、次级生产力和P/B值进行了研究计算.该调查海域共采到大型底栖动物202种,其中多毛类102种,软体动物51种,甲壳类27种,棘皮动物7种,其它动物15种.大型底栖动物年平均丰度为394.7 ind/m2;年平均生物量以去灰分干重计,为2.58 g(AFDW)/m2;年平均次级生产力以去灰分干重计,为3.52 g(AFDW)/(m2*a);P/B值平均为1.53.结果表明,长江口大型底栖动物次级生产力自长江入海口向东呈递增趋势.本文分析了长江口及其邻近海域大型底栖动物优势种的组成,主要生态类群的分布特征和次级生产力分布格局与生态环境的关系.通过比较,发现长江口大型底栖动物优势种发生了较大的变化;次级生产力高于东海而低于渤海和胶州湾;P/B值高于南黄海、胶州湾和渤海,也说明了长江口大型底栖动物群落中个体小、生活史短,代谢快的种类所占的比例高于以上海域. 相似文献
8.
为了解象山东部海域夏季大型底栖动物群落特征及种间相互作用情况,于2012年8月(夏季)对象山东部海域30个站位进行了大型底栖动物的调查研究。共采集,鉴定大型底栖动物36种(优势种20种),隶属于7门8纲24科,节肢动物15种(41.7%)最多,脊索动物7种(19.4%)次之。聚类分析和MDS排序结果表明,象山东部海域夏季大型底栖动物可以分为4个生态类群。选取Levins生态位宽度指数和Pianka重叠指数进行生态位分析,结果表明:象山东部海域夏季大型底栖动物优势种生态位宽度变化范围为5.22—21.66,生态位宽度值最高的为东方口虾蛄(21.66),最小的为小荚蛏(5.22);Pianka重叠指数大于0.60的优势种占19.5%,多样的生境以及生物本身的适应能力差异,使该海域大型底栖动物优势种的生态位重叠值偏小,减小了种间的竞争。该海域大型底栖动物优势种夏季生态位结构的形成主要与优势种的活动能力有关。 相似文献
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黄河口及其邻近海域大型底栖动物的初步研究——(二)生物与沉积环境的关系 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
1985年5—6月对黄河口及其邻近海域的27个站进行了大型底栖动物的首航次定量调查。分别对18种环境因子和68个优势种和习见种所做的聚类分析显示了黄河口水下三角洲与邻近海域的某些差异,并联系沉积环境将所研究海域划分为四个区:黄河口水下三角洲、莱州湾、渤海中部和渤海湾东部。对大型底栖动物与沉积速率的关系也做了初步探讨。 相似文献
10.
黄河口及邻近海域底栖群落健康及生境适宜性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(12)
根据2013年10月黄河口及邻近海域大型底栖动物、水和沉积环境数据,应用Multivariate AMBI(M-AMBI)指数评价了该海域的底栖群落健康和生境状况,通过分析底栖群落健康和生境质量的环境限制因子,本文对研究水域底栖生境的适宜性进行了评价。结果表明,本航次在研究海域共采集到45种大型底栖动物,分属于5个类群,其中多毛类占明显优势,底栖动物以生态组EGI和EGII为主。36.4%的站位底栖群落健康处于良好等级,18.2%的站位处于差的等级,其余各站位处于中等。主成分和相关分析结果显示,M-AMBI指数能敏感地响应底栖生境环境受扰动和污染的状况,水体水深、盐度和溶解无机氮,以及沉积物石油烃和硫化物等是限制底栖群落健康和生境质量的主要因子。根据限制性环境因子,本文对黄河口及邻近海域底栖生境的适宜性进行了划分。在水深较浅、盐度较低和污染相对较重的河口及近岸区域不适宜底栖动物的栖息;在水深较深、盐度较高和无明显污染的近海区域较适宜大型底栖群落的栖息和健康。 相似文献
11.
Trophic relationships in the Changjiang River estuarine salt marshes: preliminary investigation from δ13C and δ15N analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
QUAN Weimin HUANG Danqing CHU Tianjiang SHENG Qiang FU Cuizhang CHEN Jiakuan WU Jihua 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(3):50-58
To obtain information on food web structure in salt marshes of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary, the δ13C and δ15N values of primary producers and consumers were determined. The mean δ13C values of 31 dominant consumers ranged from -23.13‰ to -14.37‰. Except for several species (Eriocheir sinensis, Sinonovacula constricta and Potamocorbula ustulata), consumers had intermediate δ13C values between those of benthic microalgae and Spartina alterniflora. The mean δ15N values of 31 dominant consumers varie... 相似文献
12.
为了解中街山列岛的食物网结构特征,本研究于2020年7月在中街山列岛海域采集鱼类、虾蟹类、头足类、贝螺类和浮游动物等消费者样本,利用碳、氮稳定同位素技术,分析大型海藻、浮游植物、悬浮颗粒有机物(POM)和沉积物有机物(SOM)4种潜在碳源对消费者的贡献率以及中街山列岛海域的食物网结构和营养关系。结果表明：(1)碳源的δ13C值范围在-22.93‰～-9.73‰之间,δ15N值范围在1.72‰～7.68‰之间,消费者的δ13C值范围在-21.95‰～-12.55‰之间,δ15N值范围在4.13‰～12.92‰之间,不同碳源及不同消费者类群之间的碳、氮稳定同位素均有显著性差异(p<0.01);(2)应用SIBER模型计算中街山列岛海域的营养结构指标,与其他海域的研究结果对比发现,该海域生态系统的食源多样性更加丰富,营养级长度和生态位总空间较高;(3)应用SIAR模型计算碳源贡献率,结果表明浮游植物和POM是该海域的重要碳源,平均贡献率为29.63%和28.72%;浮游植物对浮游动物的贡献率最大为80.58%,POM对鱼类的贡献率最大为79.... 相似文献
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为了分析雅浦海沟中底栖生物群落的食物来源和营养级，本研究分析了雅浦海沟真光层中浮游植物和浮游动物、海底沉积物和巨型底栖生物（海绵、海参、海蛇尾、海星、海葵和钩虾）中的碳、氮稳定同位素组成。研究发现雅浦海沟真光层中的浮游植物和浮游动物δ13C值[（-22.8±0.4）‰和（-21.8±0.8）‰]和δ15N值[（5.4±0.4）‰和（6.8±0.2）‰]与巨型底栖生物的δ13C值（-20.1‰~-16.8‰）和δ15N值（11.9‰~17.9‰）的差异超过了一个营养级，表明作为底栖生物的初始食物来源的浮游植物和浮游动物在向下输送的过程中经历了食物链传递和细菌的降解。巨型底栖生物的δ15N和δ13C值之间无显著的相关性，此外不同物种之间营养级也存在明显差异，表现为海绵的营养级相对较高（3.4~4.7），海参（3.3~3.6）、海蛇尾（3.4~3.5）和海星（3.2~3.7）的营养级较为接近，钩虾（2.9~3.3）和海葵（3.1）的营养级则相对略低，反映了底栖生物不同物种之间食物来源的多样化。 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Sea Research》2009,61(4):264-275
The food web structure and functioning of two north-western Mediterranean lagoons exhibiting contrasting degrees of eutrophication and marine influences were compared through δ13C and δ15N analysis of major potential food sources and consumers. The Lapalme Lagoon is well preserved and has kept a natural and temporary connection with the open sea. Conversely, the Canet Lagoon is heavily eutrophicated and its water exchange with the open sea has been artificially reduced. In Lapalme, all potential food sources and consumers exhibited δ15N values indicative of pristine coastal areas. Suspended particulate organic matter (POM) and sediment organic matter (SOM) pools seemed to constitute the main food sources of most primary consumers. Both primary producers and all consumers were much more 15N-enriched (by ∼ 10‰) and more 13C-depleted in Canet than in Lapalme. This reflected: (1) the assimilation of important amounts of anthropogenic nitrogen in the food web, and (2) a marked and uniform influence of 13C-depleted allochtonous sources of carbon. Based on the mean δ15N of primary consumers, we found rather similar food web lengths in both lagoons with top consumers at trophic levels 3.6 and 4.0 in Canet and Lapalme, respectively. However, the eutrophication of the Canet Lagoon resulted in a simplification of the food web structure (i.e., a single trophic pathway from a 15N-enriched fraction of the SOM pool to top predators) compared to what was observed in Lapalme Lagoon where additional 13C-enriched food sources played a significant trophic role. Moreover, some consumers of Canet tended to exploit primary producers to a larger extent (and thus to exhibit lower trophic levels) than in Lapalme. 相似文献
16.
Food web structure of the coastal area adjacent to the Tagus estuary revealed by stable isotope analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The identification of energy sources, pathways and trophic linkages among organisms is crucial for the understanding of food web dynamics. Stable isotopes were used to identify the trophic level of food web components and track the incorporation of organic matter of different origins in the coastal ecosystem adjacent to the Tagus estuary. It was shown that the river Tagus is a major source of organic carbon to this system. Also, the wide difference in δ13C among the primary consumers allowed the identification of the pelagic and the benthic energy pathways. The maximum trophic level observed was 2.4 for Sepia officinalis. This value is indicative of a short food web. It was concluded that the diet of the upper trophic level species relies directly on the lower food web levels to a considerable extent, instead of relying mostly on intermediate trophic level species. Moreover, the δ15N values of primary consumers were very close to that of particulate organic matter, probably due to poorly known processes occurring at the basis of the food web. This lowers the trophic length of the whole food web. Reliance on benthic affinity prey was high for all upper trophic level secondary consumers. 相似文献
17.
Kelp holdfasts are highly reticulated structures which host a large diversity of small fauna. These microhabitats have been reported to play a crucial role in the biodiversity associated to kelp forest ecosystems. This study aimed at identifying trophic links and the main food sources sustaining food webs within communities associated with kelp holdfasts, through a stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) approach. Sampling of the main invertebrates inhabiting Laminaria digitata holdfasts, and of their potential food sources, took place in February and May 2007. Stable isotope results reveal that most of the primary consumers, including filter-feeders and deposit-feeders, rely on the particulate organic matter sedimented within kelp holdfasts. Only three grazers departed from this general pattern. The correspondence between the stable isotope ratios of predators and sediment consumers indicated that this source is at the base of the main pathway through which energy and matter transit in the food web. δ15N ranges found for consumers revealed that the food web associated with kelp holdfasts is composed of 3.5 levels. In spite of the low diversity of food sources at the base of the food web, these microhabitats can therefore be considered micro-scale ecosystems, from a functional perspective. 相似文献
18.
Food web structure of two Mediterranean lagoons under varying degree of eutrophication 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Antoine Carlier Pascal Riera Jean-Michel Amouroux Jean-Yves Bodiou Martin Desmalades Antoine Grmare 《Journal of Sea Research》2008,60(4):264-275
The food web structure and functioning of two north-western Mediterranean lagoons exhibiting contrasting degrees of eutrophication and marine influences were compared through δ13C and δ15N analysis of major potential food sources and consumers. The Lapalme Lagoon is well preserved and has kept a natural and temporary connection with the open sea. Conversely, the Canet Lagoon is heavily eutrophicated and its water exchange with the open sea has been artificially reduced. In Lapalme, all potential food sources and consumers exhibited δ15N values indicative of pristine coastal areas. Suspended particulate organic matter (POM) and sediment organic matter (SOM) pools seemed to constitute the main food sources of most primary consumers. Both primary producers and all consumers were much more 15N-enriched (by 10‰) and more 13C-depleted in Canet than in Lapalme. This reflected: (1) the assimilation of important amounts of anthropogenic nitrogen in the food web, and (2) a marked and uniform influence of 13C-depleted allochtonous sources of carbon. Based on the mean δ15N of primary consumers, we found rather similar food web lengths in both lagoons with top consumers at trophic levels 3.6 and 4.0 in Canet and Lapalme, respectively. However, the eutrophication of the Canet Lagoon resulted in a simplification of the food web structure (i.e., a single trophic pathway from a 15N-enriched fraction of the SOM pool to top predators) compared to what was observed in Lapalme Lagoon where additional 13C-enriched food sources played a significant trophic role. Moreover, some consumers of Canet tended to exploit primary producers to a larger extent (and thus to exhibit lower trophic levels) than in Lapalme. 相似文献
19.
This study aimed at establishing the effects of human-made physical modifications on the trophic structure and functioning of an intertidal benthic food web in Arcachon Bay (France). The main food sources and the most representative consumers were sampled on an artificial rocky dyke and its adjacent seagrass meadow. The food sources of consumers were inferred through the use of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. The contributions of the different food sources to the diets of the consumers were established using the Isosource mixing model. In order to reduce the range of feasible contributions, additional non-isotopic constraints were added when necessary to the outputs of this model. 相似文献