共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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黄海是中国近海生态系统的重要组成部分,蕴藏着丰富的海洋生物资源。本研究利用碳氮稳定同位素技术,对该海域大型底栖动物的食物源、营养级和底栖食物网结构进行了研究。结果表明,底栖动物的食物源悬浮颗粒有机物(POM)、沉积物有机物(SOM)、浮游植物和浮游动物的δ~(15)N平均值为:浮游动物浮游植物SOMPOM,δ~(13)C平均值为:SOM浮游动物浮游植物POM。共测定了54种底栖动物的碳氮稳定同位素,其δ~(15)N值范围为5.81‰(美原双眼钩虾)～14.6‰(黄鲫),δ~(13)C值范围为-21.51‰(日本胡桃蛤)～-8.38‰(司氏盖蛇尾)。软体动物双壳类大多数以SOM和浮游植物作为主要食物来源;软体动物腹足类大多数为以小型软体动物和多毛类为食的肉食性动物;节肢动物蟹类是以POM、SOM、浮游动植物、小型软体动物和多毛类等为食的杂食性动物;节肢动物虾类大多数以浮游动物和端足类等小型甲壳类为食;小型鱼类大多数以浮游动物和小型软甲类为食;大中型鱼类则是以小型鱼类、小型软甲类和小型软体动物为食。本研究中的54种底栖动物的营养级范围为1.20～3.57。其中,双壳类等10种处于1～2营养级,腹足类、蟹类、虾类和小型鱼类等36种处于2～3营养级,大中型鱼类等8种处于3以上营养级。基于大型底栖动物的食物源和营养关系,初步构建了黄海底栖食物网。 相似文献
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烟台养马岛潮间带大型底栖动物食物网结构特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探明烟台潮间带主要底栖生物类群间的营养关系和食物网结构特征及其季节性变化,于2019年春季(3月)和夏季(7月)在山东烟台养马岛潮间带采集大型底栖动物、沉积颗粒(SOM)、悬浮有机质(POM)、浮游植物和浮游动物样品。利用稳定同位素技术,对养马岛海滩潮间带底栖生物的碳、氮稳定同位素进行测定和分析。结果表明:大型底栖动物在春季和夏季δ13C和δ15N值分别为?20.23‰—?12.99‰, 5.32‰—10.45‰和?21.91‰—?9.88‰, 7.01‰—14.17‰。夏季的碳、氮稳定同位素数值范围相较于春季均有所增加,相同大型底栖动物物种的碳、氮稳定同位素值会随季节变化而发生变化。春季该潮间带主要大型底栖动物的营养级范围为1.98—3.49,夏季为1.89—4.00。相同大型底栖动物营养级在季节之间无显著变化(P0.05)。营养传递顺序可表达为:滤食性软体动物→多毛类→甲壳动物,与能量流动方向一致。 相似文献
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筼筜湖绿潮期间颗粒有机物及沉积有机物的来源研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以原子碳氮比Cat/Nat、TOC/Chl a、δ13C和δ15N等为指标,分析了筼筜湖绿潮爆发期间悬浮颗粒有机物(POM)和沉积有机物(SOM)的来源。结果显示,筼筜湖的POM主要以外源输入为主。在靠近海水入口的引水渠,POM主要来自厦门西海域的陆源有机碎屑;位于筼筜湖上游的干渠,生活污水及餐饮业废水的有机质是其POM的主要贡献者;内、外湖POM的Cat/Nat(6.94~7.08)与浮游植物接近,但它们并不以浮游植物为主,而主要来自引水渠和干渠有机质的输入。以内湖为例,它们对内湖POM的联合贡献高达54%~97%。筼筜湖SOM的潜在来源多样,但不同湖区差异显著:在大型海藻覆盖区,主要以大型海藻和POM为主,而在无海藻覆盖的区域,则主要来自POM的自然沉降或与底栖微藻的联合贡献。结果表明,在来源复杂的潟湖系统,有机物的化学组成并不能很好的指示有机物的来源和成因,它在有机质的示踪方面并不如稳定同位素来得有效可靠。不过,基于多种指标的分析结果可能更准确。 相似文献
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崂山湾潮间带食物网结构的碳稳定同位素初步研究 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
通过对1993年8月和1994年2和5月在崂山湾潮间带采集的底栖生物碳稳定同位素组成(δ13C值)的分析,发现该区底栖动物的主要食物来源以δ13C值大致可划分为4类:水体中的颗粒有机质(POM)、底栖硅藻、大型底栖藻类和底泥中的有机物质(SOM).研究结果表明,底栖动物的碳稳定同位素组成与其所摄食的食物的碳稳定同位素组成有密切的关系,因此,底栖动物的碳稳定同位素组成可以用于研究其食物来源.碳稳定同位素数据证实,双壳类等滤食性动物的食物来源主要是POM;甲壳动物的δ13C值的范围较大,证明其食物来源的多样性;底栖硅藻是多数腹足类食物来源的相当重要组成部分.用碳稳定同位素示踪剂对该区底栖-水体耦合作用的初步研究表明,水体中的POM是底栖动物的重要食物来源,但底泥中有机质和底栖硅藻也是许多底栖动物食物来源的相当重要的组成部分. 相似文献
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魁蚶（Anadara broughtonii）是我国北方重要的经济贝类,筏式养殖是其主要的生产方式。2014年5月至2015年1月,测定了不同季节灵山湾筏式养殖魁蚶及其3种潜在食物源（表层颗粒有机物SPOM、底层颗粒有机物BPOM和附着微藻AM）的碳氮稳定同位素（δ13C和δ15N）,结合胃含物分析研究了海区食物源结构的季节变化对魁蚶食物组成的影响。结果显示,魁蚶及其食物源的稳定同位素比值均存在明显的季节差异,魁蚶的δ13C值（-19.6‰~-19.2‰）介于SPOM （-23.3‰~-21.8‰）、BPOM （-22.1‰~-21.2‰）和AM（-17.0‰~-16.0‰）之间,δ15N值范围集中在8.7‰~9.9‰。冬季魁蚶的δ13C值最低,δ15N值则最富集。水体颗粒有机物（主要由浮游植物组成）是魁蚶的主要食物来源（60.0%~77.8%）,以夏季的饵料贡献率最高;海区再悬浮作用使BPOM的贡献率始终维持在较高水平（30.8%~47.1%）;而养殖网笼上的附着微藻也可为魁蚶提供约22.1%~40.0%的食物。研究揭示了筏式养殖魁蚶可以混合滤食颗粒有机物和附着微藻,附着微藻是其重要的食物补充。 相似文献
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为研究饲料中不同蛋白源对军曹鱼幼鱼碳、氮稳定同位素分馏的影响,配制3种等氮等能饲料。D1以鱼粉为蛋白源,D2和D3饲料中分别以啤酒酵母和玉米蛋白替代10%的鱼粉蛋白,投喂幼鱼24d。结果表明,啤酒酵母和玉米蛋白替代10%的鱼粉蛋白后,幼鱼的体质量增加率显著下降。随养殖时间的延长,所有处理组幼鱼的碳稳定同位素比率δ13C逐渐上升而氮稳定同位素比率δ15N逐渐下降;虽然全鱼和肌肉δ15N的变化速度存在差异,但各饲料组全鱼和肌肉的δ13C和δ15N都在24d后与饲料达到平衡。当饲料中10%的鱼粉蛋白被啤酒酵母和玉米蛋白替代之后,幼鱼肌肉和全鱼样品与饲料相比的碳同位素富集Δ13C值下降,而氮同位素富集Δ15N值则上升。其中全鱼Δ13C从4.19‰分别下降到3.94‰和3.63‰,肌肉Δ13C从4.46‰分别下降到3.98‰和3.67‰;全鱼Δ15N从0.18‰分别增加到0.88‰和0.94‰,肌肉Δ15N从0.18‰分别增加到0.74‰和0.87‰。军曹鱼在摄食3种不同蛋白源饲料时,其全鱼和肌肉的Δ13C和Δ15N的变化趋势相似,但全鱼δ15N的变化速度慢于肌肉。据此可推断,肌肉可在生态学营养级研究(长时间尺度)中代表军曹鱼的碳、氮同位素特征;但在代谢生理学研究中(短时间尺度),肌肉就无法准确反映军曹鱼全鱼的δ15N变化过程。 相似文献
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南沙渚碧礁生态系营养关系的稳定碳同位素研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用稳定碳同位素分析技术研究了南沙渚碧礁生态系食物网主要生物类群之间的营养关系。结果表明，生物的稳定碳同位素组成与其营养来源有密切关系。浮游植物的δ^13C为-18.3‰，与其所处海域的环境条件一致，浮游动物的δ^13C值变化较大，范围为-20.4‰～-10.9‰,表明可能存在浮游植物和碎屑两种营养来源。珊瑚和砗磲的碳同位素组成（-17‰～-15‰）与浮游动物相差较大，暗示共生虫黄藻可能在这些珊瑚的营养来源中起重要作用。底栖海参（-9.6‰)和蜘蛛螺（-12.5‰)的碳同位不比组成与它们沉积物食性的营养特征吻合。鱼类的δ^13C值变化范围较大（-17.7‰～-10.9‰），未表现出随营养级升高而增大的趋势，说明影响鱼类碳同位素组成的因素比较复杂。 相似文献
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碳氮稳定同位素比值在潮间带大型底栖动物组织间差异性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近年来，稳定同位素技术已被广泛应用于食物网研究中。然而，生物样品取样部位对食物网构建的影响的研究相对少见。大型底栖动物作为潮间带食物网的重要组成部分，在食物网研究中有必要对其采样部位进行统一，以增加研究结果的准确性及可比较性。本研究选取黄河三角洲和烟台潮间带10种代表性的大型底栖动物，比较δ13C和δ15N在不同采样部位中的差异。结果显示，对于大多数底栖动物而言，采样部位将直接影响到δ13C和δ15N的测定结果。当底栖动物作为摄食者，需分析其食性和营养级时，应统一采用肌肉组织，如贝类的闭壳肌或足部肌肉，蟹类的鳌足肌肉，鱼类的背部肌肉；当底栖动物作为被摄食者，需分析次级消费者的食性和营养级时，除多毛类采用去除消化道内容物的体壁外，其他种类应选取整体（难以被消化的组织除外），如贝类的软体部，蟹类肌肉与鳃等的混合组织。 相似文献
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为了探究光背团水虱的食性特征，本研究利用碳、氮稳定同位素技术于2015年冬季和2016年夏季对广西北海廉州湾红树林中光背团水虱及其食物来源的碳、氮稳定同位素比值（δ13C值和δ15N值）进行分析。结果显示，冬季和夏季光背团水虱的δ13C值大小范围为-22.85‰~-21.87‰，平均值为（-22.46±0.35）‰；δ15N值大小范围为11.02‰~12.85‰，平均值为（11.88±0.56）‰；光背团水虱的δ13C值、δ15N值变化范围较小，表明其食物来源较为简单。单因素方差分析结果显示，冬季与夏季光背团水虱的平均δ13C值差异不显著（P>0.05），而夏季的δ15N值普遍高于冬季δ15N值，差异显著（P<0.05）；不同生长阶段的光背团水虱δ13C值、δ15N值会随着体长的增长而增大，差异显著（P<0.05），表明光背团水虱在生长的过程中可能发生了食性转变。光背团水虱的δ13C值与浮游生物的δ13C值相近，而与红树植物δ13C值差距较远，说明光背团水虱主要以浮游生物为食物来源。基于R语言稳定同位素混合模型（SIAR）计算结果显示，冬季和夏季各粒径级别浮游生物对不同生长阶段的光背团水虱的贡献率趋势基本一致，表现为1.2~25 μm粒级的浮游生物对光背团水虱平均贡献率最高，其次为25~50 μm粒级，粒径大于100 μm的浮游生物对体长小于5.5 mm的光背团水虱贡献率较低，对体长大于5.5 mm的光背团水虱的贡献率随着体长增大而相应增大，说明不同生长阶段的光背团水虱食性有差异。对光背团水虱食性分析的结果可为深入研究团水虱爆发的原因及危害红树林的作用机理提供基础资料。 相似文献
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运用稳定同位素方法分析了盐城滨海湿地生态系统中部分生物的食物来源,示踪了食物网的主要碳流途径,提出了估算消费者的营养级的新模型并进行了相应计算,最终构建了江苏滨海湿地简化食物网模型。主要结论:(1)主要初级生产者的δ13C介于-28.856×10-3与-10.952×10-3之间,δ15N介于1.219×10-3与6.496×10-3之间,均具有显著差异,消费者个体的δ13C介于-27.564×10-3与-11.641×10-3之间,δ15N介于4.462×10-3至10.339×10-3之间;(2) 研究区生态系统可以划分成潮间带和潮上带两个亚生态系统,其中潮上带的主要食物源为芦苇,潮间带的主要食物源为互花米草及微体藻类,盐蒿对两个亚生态系统都有一定的食物贡献率,但均不高。(3)研究区的大型底栖生物及草食性哺乳类大部分占据第二营养级;(4) 研究区动物可以划分为8个主要功能类群,即植食性哺乳类、植食性昆虫、鸟类、淡水游泳类、咸水鱼类、底内动物、底上动物以及浮游动物。总之,潮间带动物比潮上带动物的食物组成多样性略高,与研究区域的生物多样性基本吻合。另外,潮间带生物的食物竞争十分激烈,光滩上分布有一定重叠的优势种并存在一定的食物生态位分化。 相似文献
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Analyses of stomach contents and stable isotopes reveal food sources of estuarine detritivorous fish in tropical/subtropical Taiwan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Detritivorous fish generally refers to fish that primarily ingest unidentified organic detritus. We analyzed stomach contents in combination with stable isotopes to trace and compare the food sources of the large-scale mullet Liza macrolepis and other detritivorous fish species in subtropical mangrove creeks and a tropical lagoon in Taiwan. The volume of organic detritus always contributed >50% of the stomach content of L. macrolepis in the two habitats. However, consumed items were distinct between the two habitats and corresponded to the types in which they reside. The consumed items in the lagoon were more diverse than those observed in the mangroves. In the mangroves, the diet composition of L. macrolepis was primarily determined by season, not by body size. In the lagoon, there were no clear seasonal or size-dependent grouping patterns for the diet composition. There were significant seasonal and spatial variations in δ13C and δ15N values of potential food sources and L. macrolepis. However, neither δ13C nor δ15N values of L. macrolepis were correlated with fish body size. Joint analyses of stomach contents and stable isotopes indicated that benthic microalgae on sediments were the most important assimilated food in both seasons for the dominant detritivorous fish in the mangroves, whereas a greater reliance on microalgal and macroalgal periphyton on oyster-culture pens was observed in the lagoon. Mangrove and marsh plants and phytoplankton, which are mostly locally produced within each habitat, were of minor importance in the assimilated food. 相似文献
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为了分析雅浦海沟中底栖生物群落的食物来源和营养级，本研究分析了雅浦海沟真光层中浮游植物和浮游动物、海底沉积物和巨型底栖生物（海绵、海参、海蛇尾、海星、海葵和钩虾）中的碳、氮稳定同位素组成。研究发现雅浦海沟真光层中的浮游植物和浮游动物δ13C值[（-22.8±0.4）‰和（-21.8±0.8）‰]和δ15N值[（5.4±0.4）‰和（6.8±0.2）‰]与巨型底栖生物的δ13C值（-20.1‰~-16.8‰）和δ15N值（11.9‰~17.9‰）的差异超过了一个营养级，表明作为底栖生物的初始食物来源的浮游植物和浮游动物在向下输送的过程中经历了食物链传递和细菌的降解。巨型底栖生物的δ15N和δ13C值之间无显著的相关性，此外不同物种之间营养级也存在明显差异，表现为海绵的营养级相对较高（3.4~4.7），海参（3.3~3.6）、海蛇尾（3.4~3.5）和海星（3.2~3.7）的营养级较为接近，钩虾（2.9~3.3）和海葵（3.1）的营养级则相对略低，反映了底栖生物不同物种之间食物来源的多样化。 相似文献
15.
楚科奇和西伯利亚陆架颗粒有机物的来源：碳、氮同位素的线索 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The stable isotopic composition(δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N) and carbon/nitrogen ratio(C/N) of particulate organic matter(POM) in the Chukchi and East Siberian shelves from July to September, 2016 were measured to evaluate the spatial variability and origin of POM. The δ~(13)C_(POC) values were in the range of -29.5‰ to-17.5‰ with an average of -25.9‰±2.0‰, and the δ~(15)N_(PN) values ranged from 3.9‰ to 13.1‰ with an average of 8.0‰±1.6‰. The C/N ratios in the East Siberian shelf were generally higher than those in the Chukchi shelf, while the δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N values were just the opposite. Abnormally low C/N ratios(4), low δ~(13)C_(POC)(almost-28‰) and high δ~(15)N_(PN)(10‰) values were observed in the Wrangel Island polynya, which was attributed to the early bloom of small phytoplankton. The contributions of terrestrial POM, bloom-produced POM and non-bloom marine POM were estimated using a three end-member mixing model. The spatial distribution of terrestrial POM showed a high fraction in the East Siberian shelf and decreased eastward, indicating the influence of Russian rivers. The distribution of non-bloom marine POM showed a high fraction in the Chukchi shelf with the highest fraction occurring in the Bering Strait and decreased westward, suggesting the stimulation of biological production by the Pacific inflow in the Chukchi shelf. The fractions of bloom-produced POM were highest in the winter polynya and gradually decreased toward the periphery. A negative relationship between the bloom-produced POM and the sea ice meltwater inventory was observed, indicating that the net sea ice loss promotes early bloom in the polynya.Given the high fraction of bloom-produced POM, the early bloom of phytoplankton in the polynyas may play an important role on marine production and POM export in the Arctic shelves. 相似文献
16.
By analyses of carbon isotopic composition(δ13C values) of the benthos collected in the Laoshan Bay in August 1993 and February and May 1994, it is found that the main food sources of the benthos can be divided into four groups in terms of carbon isotope composition: Particulate Organic Matter (POM),benthic diatoms, benthic macroalgae and the organic matter in sediments.The results show that the carbon isotopic composition of the benthic animals has a close relation with that of the food they take in.The carbon isotopic compositions of benthos may be useful in elucidating their food sources.The carbon isotopic data have confirmed that POM is the main food source of the benthic filter feeders such as bivalves; crustaceans have a wide range of δ13C values, showing their food source has diversity; benthic diatoms are an important fraction of the food for most of gastropods.A preliminary investigation of the benthic-pelagic coupling in that region using the stable carbon isotopic tracers has confirmed the importance of POM as a food source for benthos in this region,but the organic matter in sediments and benthic diatoms are also relatively important for a lot of benthic animals.The benthic-pelagic coupling in the Laoshan Bay temperate ecosystem is not so tight as that in ecosystems at higher latitudes such as north-eastern water polynya. 相似文献
17.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(6):1015-1023
The stable nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N) is an established indicator of trophic hierarchy in marine food-web studies. Most of these studies presume that spatial variation in the primary food source is negligible, although a water-depth-related increase in δ15N of particulate organic matter (POM) has been found in many systems. We used the high-Antarctic Weddell Sea shelf and slope ecosystem to test whether such a depth-related change in δ15N is reflected at higher trophic levels, i.e., benthic consumers of POM. In suspension feeders (SF) we found a significant increase in δ15N with water depth of up to 9.8‰, whereas in deposit feeders (DF) a depth effect was barely detectable. Particle-size preferences of the two feeding guilds combined with particle-size-dependent sinking velocities and biogeochemical reworking of POM are discussed as the major causes of these differences. It is essential to marine food-web studies to take into account the general depth effect on POM δ15N as well as potential feeding-guild-specific differences in the response of POM consumer tissue δ15N to avoid serious bias and misinterpretation of stable-isotope-based trophic information. 相似文献
18.
The benthic macroinvertebrates of the Nakdong River estuary were sampled at three different habitats: two salt marsh (Scirpus triqueter and Phragmites australis) beds and a bare intertidal flat. Fishes were sampled in the main channel. The trophic importance of marsh vascular plants, microphytobenthos, and riverine and channel particulate organic matter to macroinvertebrate and fish production was studied using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope tracers. There was a dramatic change in coverage of macrophytes (salt marshes and seagrass) after the construction of an estuarine barrage in 1987 in the Nakdong River estuary, with the S. triqueter bed increasing, the P. australis bed decreasing, and Zostera marina habitats being nearly lost. Although the invertebrate δ13C were within a narrower range than those of the primary producers, the values varied considerably among consumers in these habitats. However, the isotope signatures of consumers showed similarities among different habitats. Cluster analysis based on their isotopic similarity suggested that the isotope variability among species was related more to functional feeding groups than to habitats or taxonomic groups. While δ13C values of suspension feeders were close to that of the channel POM (mainly phytoplankton), other benthic feeders and predators had δ13C similar to that of microphytobenthos. Isotopic mixing model estimates suggest that algal sources, including microphytobenthos and phytoplankton, play an important role in supporting the benthic food web. Despite the huge productivity of emergent salt marshes, the contribution of the marsh-derived organic matter to the estuarine food webs appears to be limited to some nutrition for some invertebrates just within marsh habitats, with little on the bare intertidal flats or in the channel fish communities. Isotope signatures of the channel fishes also confirm that algal sources are important in supporting fish nutrition. Our findings suggest that benthic and pelagic microalgae made a large contribution to consumer diets, while marsh plants may not have a large role in supporting food webs in this estuarine system. 相似文献