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厦门西港表层沉积物中DDTs,HCHs和PCBs的含量与分布 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对厦门西港表层沉积物中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量与分布进行调查研究。含量范围：ＨＣＨｓ为０．１４－１．１２ｎｇ．ｇ＾－１，ＤＤＴｓ４．４５－３１１ｎｇ．ｇ＾－１，ＰＣＢｓ０．０５－７．２４ｎｇ．ｇ＾－１。与香港维多利亚港表层沉积物含量进行比较，厦门西港表层沉积物的ＰＣＢｓ含量低于维多利亚港，ＤＤＴｓ含量则高于维多利亚港。 相似文献
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闽江口-马祖海域表层沉积物中有机氯污染物的残留水平与分布特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
１９９５年１０月和１９９６年４月,在闽江口至马祖海域布设８个站点,采集了表层沉积物样。样品经冷冻干燥、萃取浓缩和净化分离后,用ＧＣ法分析测定其ＨＣＨs、ＤＤＴs和ＰＣＢs的含量。ＨＣＨs、ＤＤＴs和ＰＣＢs的测定结果分别为０．０３～０．５９ｎｇ／ｇ,１．１０～１４．３ｎｇ／ｇ和ＮＤ～０．７６ｎｇ／ｇ?本文基于两个航次的调查研究,综合报道了这些有机氯污染在调查海域表层沉积物中的含量分布,并对其殖留水平、分 相似文献
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11种微藻脂类和EPA／DHA组成的研究 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
研究了１１种微藻在可比较的条件下,其生物量、总脂含量和多不饱和脂肪酸（ＥＰＡ／ＤＨＡ）有组成。结果表明：卡德藻（Ｔｅｔｒａｓｅｌｍｉｓ ｓｐ．）的生物量最大,细胞干重可达０．１４０ｇ／（Ｌ．ｄ）;南极冰藻（Ｂｅｒｋｅｌｅｙａ ｒｕｔｉｌａｎｓ）次之,可达０．０７４ｇ／（Ｌ．ｄ）。以叉鞭金藻（Ｄｉｃｒａｔｅｒｉａ ｉｎｏｒｎａｔａ）和球等鞭金藻（Ｉｓｏｃｈｒｙｓｉｓ ｇａｌｂａｎａ）的总酯含量最高, 相似文献
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江阴岛海域溶解态Cu,Pb,Cd的含量及其与营养盐的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
首次报道了福建省福清市江阴岛海域溶解态Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ的含量，并探讨了它们与营养盐的关系。１９９０年５月溶解态Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ的平均含量分别为０．８２、０．３８０、０．０２２μｇ／ｄｍ＾２，１０月的平均含量分别为０．７６、０．３８２、０．０３２μｇ／ｄｍ＾２。其５月溶解态Ｃｕ与无机氮Ｎ，硅酸盐间的线性回归相关式分别为Ｃｕ、（μｇ／ｄｍ＾３）＝０．４３８＋０．０３７７Ｎ（μｇ／ｄｍ＾３）、Ｃｕ（μｇ 相似文献
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有机锡对海洋微藻的生理效应：Ⅰ.三苯基锡和三丁基锡对光合色素… 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
于１９９１年４月－１９９２年１月，以金藻和扁藻为材料，用室内一次培养法研究三苯基锡和三丁基锡化合色素含量的影响。结果表明，两种有机锡对两种藻均有影响，在０．２－０．４μｇ／Ｌ的浓度时有轻微毒性；浓度大于０．５μｇ／Ｌ时，能使光合色素明显减少。对于两种藻叶绿素ａ７２ｈＥＣ５０影响结果：ＴＢＴＣ和ＴＰＴＣ对金藻的均为０．５μｇ／Ｌ；对扁藻的，ＴＢＴＣ是０．８７μｇ／Ｌ而ＴＰＴＣ未出现半效应浓度。对于两 相似文献
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研究了不同浓度（０．２、０．４、０．６、０．８、１．０μｇ／ｄｍ３）的三苯基氯化锡（ＴＰＴＣ）和三丁基氯化锡（ＴＢＴＣ）在不同温度（１８、２０、２２、２６、２８℃）下，培养不同时间（１２、２４ｈ）对扁藻（Ｐｌａｔｙｍｏｎａｓｓｐ．）和湛江叉鞭金藻（Ｄｉｃｒａｔｅｒｉａｚｈａｎｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ）呼吸作用的影响，指出温度越高，２种有机锡的毒性越大；培养时间不同，２种藻呼吸速率发生不同的变化；扁藻对有机锡的耐受力大于金藻。 相似文献
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本研究利用高压液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ）法测定：外源睾酮（Ｔ）和甲基睾酮（ＭＴ）（１０μｇ／ｇ）腹腔注射给入真鲷（Ｐａｇｒｏｓｏｍｕｓｍａｊｏｒ）鱼体后，在血液中的代谢状况．证明，Ｔ和ＭＴ的吸收和清除很快。ＭＴ在注射１ｈ达最大吸收峰（２８３ｎｇ／ｍｌ），２４ｈ内很快降低。Ｔ的吸收和清除状况与ＭＴ相似，不同的是其吸收值（最大值为６４ｎｇ／ｍｌ）比ＭＴ低许多。随着鱼类养殖至商品规格，类固醇激素的含量将降至很低，因此，ＭＴ可做为一种生长促进因子用于水产养殖生产。 相似文献
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利用细胞松驰素Ｂ抑制栉孔扇贝Ｃｈｌａｍｙｓ（Ａｚｕｍａｐｅｃｔｅｎ）ｆａｒｒｅｒｉ受精卵的第一极体的放出和第一次有丝分裂获得四倍体。在２０℃条件下，卵子受精后１０ｍｉｎ，０．５μｇ／ｍｌ的ＣＢ持续处理１０ｍｉｎ、２０ｍｉｎ抑制第一极体排出，结果三倍体率和四倍体率分别为３８．３８％、３９．７５％和２８．４２％、３０．２４％；在２０℃条件下，卵子受精后１ｈ，０．５μｇ／ｍｌ的ＣＢ持续处理１０、１５、２０、２５ｍｉｎ抑制第一次有丝分裂，结果四倍体率分别为２１．３６％、２７．５７％、２８．４１％、２９．３５％。结合处理后幼虫的Ｄ形率，在抑制第一极体放出和第一次卵裂中，ＣＢ处理持续１０ｍｉｎ均为最好 相似文献
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大连湾和杭州湾表层沉积物中多氯联苯和有机氯农药及风险评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对大连湾与杭州湾沉积物样品中多氯联苯(Polychlorinated Biphenyls,PCBs)和有机氯农药(Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs)进行了分析测定。结果表明,大连湾和杭州湾沉积物中PCBs的含量为0.72~14.87 ng/g和0.76~3.86 ng/g,其中3、4、5氯联苯比例较高,其和超过总含量的70%;OCPs的含量为2.98~32.23 ng/g和1.61~4.71 ng/g,其中主要成分为六六六(Hexachlorocyclohexanes,HCHs)和滴滴涕(Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylenes,DDTs)。大连湾和杭州湾表层沉积物中HCHs主要来自农业使用,而且大连湾有新的DDTs输入,杭州湾表层沉积物中的DDTs则主要来自历史残留。生态风险评价的结果表明,PCBs几乎不会对研究区域产生生态风险,OCPs对杭州湾也不会造成潜在的生态风险,但大连湾的OCPs处于中等风险水平,应当引起关注。 相似文献
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于2003年采集大亚湾海域28个鱼类等生物样品和14个表层沉积物样品,分析其中滴滴涕(DDTs)、六六六(HCHs)和氯丹(CHLs)各组分的含量以及脂含量和δ15N,δ13C同位素值,重点研究了大亚湾沉积物和生物体中有机氯农药(OCPs)的污染现状及其生物积累规律.大亚湾海域鱼类DDTs,HCHs和CHLs平均含量分别为57.1±52.9,0.30±0.18和0.87±0.35ng/g(湿重);与其他海区相比,该海域生物体中DDTs的含量相对较高,HCHs和CHLs较低;表层沉积物中高的p,p'-DDT含量及较低的(DDE+DDD)/DDT比值(平均为0.56,<1),均显示仍有新的DDTs源输入;OCPs在生物累积中表现出脂溶性的特征,生物体内脂含量越高,其OCPs含量也越高;δ15N,δ13C同位素的研究结果显示肉食性生物比植食性生物更易累积OCPs;大亚湾海域OCPs的生物-沉积物累积系数(BSAF)与有机物的亲脂性程度即辛醇-水比值(KOW)存在显著的正相关. 相似文献
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厦门海域表层沉积物中DDTs、HCHs和PCBs的含量及其分布 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对厦门海域表层沉积物中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量与分布进行了调查研究.调查结果表明厦门海域HCHs和PCBs含量较低,远低于国家海洋沉积物质量标准第一类底质标准的阈值,说明其污染已受到有效控制;但厦门海域表层沉积物中DDTs含量较高,部分海区已经超出或者接近国家海洋沉积物质量标准第一类底质标准的阈值.DDTs和PCBs有极为相似的分布特征,而HCHs的分布特征则不尽相同. 相似文献
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为分析青岛胶州湾及其邻近河流中的壬基酚（NP）及其短链氧乙烯醚母体化合物、壬基酚单氧乙烯醚（NP1EO）和壬基酚二氧乙烯醚（NP2EO）的污染状况和分布特征，在研究区域内设置了17个站位分别采集了海水和沉积物样品，样品经萃取、浓缩、净化后采用气质联用仪测定各污染物的浓度。胶州湾水体中的NP、NP1EO和NP2EO的浓度分别为20．2-268．7、11．2-200．4和4．8-32．5ng／L。胶州湾沉积物中上述3种污染物的浓度分别为3．6-299．3、3．8-25．2和4．9-103．2ng／g。胶州湾邻近河流中的污染物浓度远远高于湾内，其中墨水河的污染最严重，水体和沉积物中NP的浓度分别达到28656ng／L和31704ng／g。与世界其他海湾NP等污染物的浓度相比，胶州湾属于严重污染地区之一，已经超出了其生物效应临界浓度。研究区域内50％的站位中NP浓度已经超过导致扇贝苗死亡的临界浓度，10％的站位已经超过引起雄性鱼类雌性化的临界浓度。 相似文献
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Zhang Zulin Hong Huasheng Khalid Maskaoui Chen Weiqi Zhou Junliang Xu Li 《海洋学报(英文版)》2000,19(3):93-102
I~IOXAmong a large number of man-made chemicals, organochlorines such as DDTs, HCHs (hexachlorobenzene) are of great concern due to their highly bioaccumulative nature and toxic biological effects. These chemicals are persistent in nature, can biomagnify in the food web and imalvarious toxic effects in marine mammals. They can cause abnormal thyroid function in Herringgull, feminising in western gull, and can impair Avian reproduction, among other deleterious effects (Carmichael, 1988).Th… 相似文献
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由于含有DDT的防污漆和林丹曾在我国使用，一些渔港`DDTs和HCHs的残留严重，湛江湾作为我国南方重要的渔港和养殖地区相关研究较少。为评估湛江湾HCHs和DDTs的残留状况和来源，本研究调查分析了湛江湾11个陆源入海排污口沉积物中HCHs和DDTs的含量、空间分布和来源。自1980s以来，研究区域HCHs的残留量明显下降，但DDTs含量变化较小，甚至在一些站位出现较高值。HCHs和DDTs组成和特征比值显示HCHs可能来自湛江湾周围土壤中残留的HCHs和近期少量的输入，DDTs可能来自工业DDTs的历史残留和含有DDTs的防污漆。根据沉积物质量指导，DDTs对海洋环境具有一定生态风险，可能对海洋生物体产生危害。本研究表明林丹和含有DDT的防污漆在湛江可能还有使用，相关部门应该加强控制管理，以及对现有污染区域的治理。 相似文献
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《Marine environmental research》2010,70(5):350-362
Spatial distribution of selected contaminants in the surface sediments of Santa Monica Bay (SMB), California was investigated. Sediments were analyzed for DDTs (DDT and metabolites), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and coprostanol. Effluent samples from the Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP), which discharges treated municipal wastewater effluents into SMB, were also analyzed. The inter-correlation in the distribution trends of contaminants was examined. The concentrations of contaminants were interpolated in a geographic information system to visualize their spatial distribution in the Bay. Inventories of the contaminants were also estimated.The concentrations of coprostanol, LABs and PCBs are very high only in the vicinity of the sewage outfall whereas PAHs and DDTs occur widespread in the Bay. The poor correlation of DDTs with LABs, PAHs or coprostanol content confirms the historic origin of DDTs and their absence in the contemporary wastewaters. Moderate correlation of DDTs with PCBs implies historic deposits as a major origin of PCBs. There are hot spots of DDTs at water depths of 60 and 100 m and the inventory of DDTs in Bay sediments is insignificant compared to that estimated in the Palos Verdes Shelf which extends from the southern edge of Redondo Canyon around Palos Verdes Peninsula. The concentration of toxic contaminants was examined according to published sediment quality guidelines. About 20 stations contain p, p′-DDE and/or total DDTs above ERM and, PCBs between ERL and ERM indicating potential for adverse biological effects. 相似文献
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Contents of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PA Hs）, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （DDTs） and hexachlorcy- clohexanes （HCHs） in surface sediments from mangrove areas of the Leizhou Peninsula were analyzed in July and November 2005. Risk assessment criteria applied by Long E R et al. （1995） and Long E D et al. （1995） （effects range low, ERL; effects range mean, ERM） of chemicals in sediments from the gulf or estuary were used to assess the potential ecological risks of heavy metals, PAHs, DDTs and HCHs to aquatic organisms in the studied area. The results indicated that the average contents of zinc, nickel, chromium, lead, copper, arsenic and mercury were （61.97 ± 55.87）, （59.99 ± 39.01 ）, （47.93 ± 28.37）, （26.64± 13.00） , （23.45 ± 41.96）, （9.32 ± 3.62）, （0.14 ± 0.18） mg/kg in dry weight in the sediment samples col- lected from five studied sites in the Leizhou Peninsula, respectively. Cadmium was not calculated due to its content being below the detection limit （ 〈 0.3 mg,/kg）. The average levels of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg exceed their background values. The average contents of Ni were higher than ERM. The contents of PAHs in the sediments from the five studied sites were （79.78 ± 43.70） ng/g in dry weight, far lower than ERL（4 022 ng/g）. The contents of DDE, DDD and DDTs in the sediments from five studied sites were （2.60 ± 4.68）, （ 17.52 ± 27.25 ）, （27.78 ± 46.64） ng/g in dry weight respectively, clearly higher than ERL, and the average contents of DDT were （7.66 ± 15.93） ng/g in dry weight, much higher than ERM. HCHs could be detected in the sediments only from Gaoqiao sampling site, with the average contents （0.07 ± 0.08） ng/g in dry weight. 相似文献
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Mercury speciation was performed in excess activated sewage sludge (ASS) and in marine sediments collected at the AAS disposal site off the Mediterranean coast of Israel in order to characterize the spatial and vertical distribution of different mercury species and assess their environmental impact. Total Hg (HgT) concentrations ranged between 0.19 and 1003ng/g at the polluted stations and 5.7 and 72.8ng/g at the background station, while the average concentration in ASS was 1181+/-273ng/g. Only at the polluted stations did HgT concentrations decrease exponentially with sediment depth, reaching background values at 16-20cm, the vertical distribution resulting from mixing of natural sediment with ASS solids and bioturbation by large populations of polycheates. Average Methyl Hg (MeHg) concentration in ASS was 39.7+/-7.1ng/g, ca. 3% of the HgT concentration, while the background concentrations ranged between 0.1 and 0.61ng/g. MeHg concentrations in surficial polluted sediments were 0.7-5.9ng/g (ca. 0.5% of the HgT) and decreased vertically, similar to HgT. A positive correlation between MeHg and Hg only at the polluted stations, higher MeHg concentrations at the surface of the sediment and not below the redoxline, and no seasonality in the concentrations suggest that the MeHg originated from the ASS and not from in situ methylation. By doing selective extractions, we found that ca. 80% of the total Hg in ASS and polluted sediments was strongly bound to amorphous organo-sulfur and to inorganic sulfide species that are not bioavailable. The fractions with potential bioaccessible Hg had maximal concentrations in the range in which biotic effects should be expected. Therefore, although no bioaccumulation was found in the biota in the area, the concentration in the polluted sediments are not negligible and should be carefully monitored. 相似文献
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2005年8月在海南洋浦湾内湾取得1根柱状样,在铅-210定年的基础上分析沉积物粒度、总有机碳含量及其同位素值(δ13C)、总氮含量及其同位素值(δ15N)、生物硅含量、重金属(镍、镉、铬、铜、锌、铅)含量及有机氯农药(六六六、滴滴涕)含量等参数发现,111cm至表层,沉积物中有机碳、总氮、生物硅含量升高,特别是从45cm至表层,它们的含量明显增加,说明该湾内有富营养化趋势。由有机碳与总氮的原子比和有机碳同位素指示的物源信息可知,该湾内有机质来源为藻类和陆源脉管植物的混合,且以陆源输入为主。陆源有机碳含量与总有机碳含量的相关系数为0.917。自23cm至表层有机碳同位素明显偏轻,氮同位素偏重。从111cm至表层,重金属和有机氯农药含量升高。综合分析各环境指标可知,洋浦湾近百年来环境演变可分为三个时期,即20世纪70年代以前、70年代至90年代、90年代至21世纪初,洋浦湾经历了未污染期、轻度污染期、显著污染期。 相似文献