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1.
《Marine environmental research》2010,70(5):350-362
Spatial distribution of selected contaminants in the surface sediments of Santa Monica Bay (SMB), California was investigated. Sediments were analyzed for DDTs (DDT and metabolites), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and coprostanol. Effluent samples from the Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP), which discharges treated municipal wastewater effluents into SMB, were also analyzed. The inter-correlation in the distribution trends of contaminants was examined. The concentrations of contaminants were interpolated in a geographic information system to visualize their spatial distribution in the Bay. Inventories of the contaminants were also estimated.The concentrations of coprostanol, LABs and PCBs are very high only in the vicinity of the sewage outfall whereas PAHs and DDTs occur widespread in the Bay. The poor correlation of DDTs with LABs, PAHs or coprostanol content confirms the historic origin of DDTs and their absence in the contemporary wastewaters. Moderate correlation of DDTs with PCBs implies historic deposits as a major origin of PCBs. There are hot spots of DDTs at water depths of 60 and 100 m and the inventory of DDTs in Bay sediments is insignificant compared to that estimated in the Palos Verdes Shelf which extends from the southern edge of Redondo Canyon around Palos Verdes Peninsula. The concentration of toxic contaminants was examined according to published sediment quality guidelines. About 20 stations contain p, p′-DDE and/or total DDTs above ERM and, PCBs between ERL and ERM indicating potential for adverse biological effects. 相似文献
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采用GC-ECD方法分析了漳江口表层沉积物样品中滴滴涕（DDTs）的残留量,并对其来源和生态风险进行了分析与评价。结果表明,沉积物中DDTs的残留量平均为16.4 ng·g-1,其4种异构体p,p′-DDE,p,p′-DDD,o,p′-DDT,p,p′-DDT的平均残留量分别是4.12ng·g-1,9.54 ng·g-1,0.529 ng·g-1和2.26 ng·g-1。DDTs沿漳江呈波浪型分布,至佳洲岛分流前DDTs的残留比较高。组成特征显示DDTs主要为环境中的早期残留,且多为厌氧性生物降解,而在Z9站（江心岛后）近期可能有新的DDTs输入。与其它地区相比,漳江口表层沉积物中的DDTs残留属于中等水平。生态风险评价结果显示,86.7%的样品DDTs含量超过风险评估低值（ERL）,13.3%样品的含量超过风险评估中值（ERM）,说明存在较高的生态风险,对生态环境已造成一定的危害,必须引起重视。 相似文献
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于2003年采集大亚湾海域28个鱼类等生物样品和14个表层沉积物样品,分析其中滴滴涕(DDTs)、六六六(HCHs)和氯丹(CHLs)各组分的含量以及脂含量和δ15N,δ13C同位素值,重点研究了大亚湾沉积物和生物体中有机氯农药(OCPs)的污染现状及其生物积累规律.大亚湾海域鱼类DDTs,HCHs和CHLs平均含量分别为57.1±52.9,0.30±0.18和0.87±0.35ng/g(湿重);与其他海区相比,该海域生物体中DDTs的含量相对较高,HCHs和CHLs较低;表层沉积物中高的p,p'-DDT含量及较低的(DDE+DDD)/DDT比值(平均为0.56,<1),均显示仍有新的DDTs源输入;OCPs在生物累积中表现出脂溶性的特征,生物体内脂含量越高,其OCPs含量也越高;δ15N,δ13C同位素的研究结果显示肉食性生物比植食性生物更易累积OCPs;大亚湾海域OCPs的生物-沉积物累积系数(BSAF)与有机物的亲脂性程度即辛醇-水比值(KOW)存在显著的正相关. 相似文献
5.
Evaluation of atmospheric transport as a nonpoint source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments of the Eastern Mediterranean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Coastal marine sediment, air and seawater samples were collected at six sampling stations in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea distant from pollutant point sources. All sediment samples were analyzed to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) contents. The PAH contents of gaseous and seawater samples of the study were determined in order to evaluate the role of air–sea exchange as PAH nonpoint source to the marine sediments. The average concentration of the total PAHs (∑PAHs) in the sediments varied from 2.2 to 1056.2 ng g−1 dry weight. The average BC and OC contents varied from 0.3 to 5.6 and from 2.9 to 21.4 mg g−1 dry weight, respectively. ∑PAH concentration in the marine atmosphere varied from 20.0 to 83.2 ng m−3. Air–water exchange flux (FA–W) estimation has indicated air transport as a significant source of PAHs to pristine marine sediments of Eastern Mediterranean. In addition, the significant correlation between the PAHs and the organic and soot carbon content further suggests the importance of atmospheric input of PAHs to the sediments. 相似文献
6.
Zhang Zulin Hong Huasheng Khalid Maskaoui Chen Weiqi Zhou Junliang Xu Li 《海洋学报(英文版)》2000,19(3):93-102
I~IOXAmong a large number of man-made chemicals, organochlorines such as DDTs, HCHs (hexachlorobenzene) are of great concern due to their highly bioaccumulative nature and toxic biological effects. These chemicals are persistent in nature, can biomagnify in the food web and imalvarious toxic effects in marine mammals. They can cause abnormal thyroid function in Herringgull, feminising in western gull, and can impair Avian reproduction, among other deleterious effects (Carmichael, 1988).Th… 相似文献
7.
大亚湾海域多环芳烃和有机氯农药的高分辨率沉积记录 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以GC／ECD和GC／MS内标法分析测定了大亚湾沉积物柱样（DYW03—8）中多环芳烃（PAHs）和有机氯农药（0CPs）的含量，结合^210Pb定年，重建了该海域近50年来PAHs和OCPs的污染历史，并对其可能的来源和输入途径进行了探讨。结果表明，近50年来该海域沉积物中PAHs和OCPs的含量总体上均呈上升趋势，且一般都在上世纪90年代以后这种上升变得更加明显；PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的不完全燃烧，即热成因，并可能主要通过大气颗粒物沉降以及工业和生活污水的直接排放等途径进入水体沉积物中；HCHs和DDTs的组成特征及其变化趋势揭示，该区可能曾大量使用过林丹（γ-HCHs）作为杀虫剂，近15年来随着该地区各种经济开发活动的加强，残留在土壤中的这些农药组分更多地随地表径流进入到水体沉积物中。同时，DDTs类农药也可能仍存在新的输入源，但这种输入的强度在近几年似乎有所减弱。 相似文献
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对2018年1月在广东环雷州半岛近海海域采集的海底表层沉积物、鲬鱼(Platycephalus indicus)进行汞含量的测定,分析比较了鲬鱼不同部位汞含量的差异,并采用单因子污染指数法对沉积物和鲬鱼的汞污染状况进行了风险评价。结果表明,环雷州半岛海域表层沉积物中汞含量范围为0.005×10-6～0.359×10-6,平均值为0.081×10-6,雷州半岛东部海域表层沉积物汞含量高于南部和西部海域。鲬鱼的鳃中汞含量范围为0.032×10-6～0.034×10-6,平均值为0.033×10-6;肌肉中的汞含量范围为0.065×10-6～0.080×10-6,平均值为0.073×10-6;肝脏中的汞含量范围为0.228×10-6～0.270×10-6,平均值为0.249×10-6。鲬鱼样品的汞含量都呈现出肝脏＞肌肉＞鳃。单因子污染指数评价结果显示,雷州半岛海域鲬鱼受到汞的轻微污染,雷州半岛东部海域表层沉积物存在汞污染生态风险,而其南部、西部海域尚未受到汞污染的威胁。 相似文献
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环雷州半岛近海表层沉积物有机碳分布及其控制因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对环雷州半岛近海43个海底表层沉积物的总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、沉积介质条件(包括沉积物粒度)进行了分析,探讨了沉积物TOC、TN的区域分布特征以及影响有机碳分布的主要因素。结果表明,环雷州半岛近海海域海底表层沉积物有机碳含量在0~0.79%之间,平均值为0.26%。与中国其它近海海域相比,环雷州半岛大部分近海区域海底表层沉积物有机碳含量明显偏低,为有机质贫乏区,仅雷州半岛西南部流沙湾近海海域为TOC相对高值区。总氮含量也不高,在0.011%到0.100%之间,TOC与TN存在较强的正相关性,且平面上TOC与TN分布高度重合,显示氮元素主要以有机化合物形式存在。TOC/TN比值在5.1~14.3之间,表明沉积有机质具有陆源输入和海洋自生来源的混合特征,但以雷州半岛西侧北部及东侧中部海域受陆源有机质输入影响更大。大多数站位海底沉积物粒度构成以粉砂为主、粘土次之,少数站位以砂质沉积为主。沉积物有机碳含量与粘土及粉砂含量呈弱正相关性,与沉积物pH值、Eh值及砂含量呈弱负相关性,这表明海底沉积物有机质丰度受有机质来源输入、海底氧化还原状态和沉积水动力条件(沉积物粒度)等因素综合控制。 相似文献
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大连湾和杭州湾表层沉积物中多氯联苯和有机氯农药及风险评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对大连湾与杭州湾沉积物样品中多氯联苯(Polychlorinated Biphenyls,PCBs)和有机氯农药(Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs)进行了分析测定。结果表明,大连湾和杭州湾沉积物中PCBs的含量为0.72~14.87 ng/g和0.76~3.86 ng/g,其中3、4、5氯联苯比例较高,其和超过总含量的70%;OCPs的含量为2.98~32.23 ng/g和1.61~4.71 ng/g,其中主要成分为六六六(Hexachlorocyclohexanes,HCHs)和滴滴涕(Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylenes,DDTs)。大连湾和杭州湾表层沉积物中HCHs主要来自农业使用,而且大连湾有新的DDTs输入,杭州湾表层沉积物中的DDTs则主要来自历史残留。生态风险评价的结果表明,PCBs几乎不会对研究区域产生生态风险,OCPs对杭州湾也不会造成潜在的生态风险,但大连湾的OCPs处于中等风险水平,应当引起关注。 相似文献
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由于含有DDT的防污漆和林丹曾在我国使用，一些渔港`DDTs和HCHs的残留严重，湛江湾作为我国南方重要的渔港和养殖地区相关研究较少。为评估湛江湾HCHs和DDTs的残留状况和来源，本研究调查分析了湛江湾11个陆源入海排污口沉积物中HCHs和DDTs的含量、空间分布和来源。自1980s以来，研究区域HCHs的残留量明显下降，但DDTs含量变化较小，甚至在一些站位出现较高值。HCHs和DDTs组成和特征比值显示HCHs可能来自湛江湾周围土壤中残留的HCHs和近期少量的输入，DDTs可能来自工业DDTs的历史残留和含有DDTs的防污漆。根据沉积物质量指导，DDTs对海洋环境具有一定生态风险，可能对海洋生物体产生危害。本研究表明林丹和含有DDT的防污漆在湛江可能还有使用，相关部门应该加强控制管理，以及对现有污染区域的治理。 相似文献
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白令海和楚科奇海表层沉积物中多环芳烃降解微生物多样性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了研究白令海(海盆及陆架)至楚科奇海陆架表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)降解菌的多样性,并获得新的PAHs降解菌资源。在GC-MS分析沉积物中PAHs种类和含量的基础上,以萘、菲和芘的混合物为唯一碳源和能源对表层沉积物样品进行富集,通过平板分离鉴定可培养菌株,并验证其降解能力;同时利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和Illumina高通量测序技术分析降解菌群结构。GC-MS测定结果表明,14个表层沉积物中PAHs总干质量介于32.99~276.97ng/g。富集菌群中共分离获得51株可培养细菌,平板纯培养、PCR-DGGE及Illumina测序结果均表明,菌群中优势的降解菌是γ-proteobacteria的Marinobacter,Pseudoalteromonas,Pseudomonas和Actinobacteria门的Dietzia菌。此外,Illumina测序结果还表明14个降解菌群在菌群结构组成上,可分为海盆区和陆架区两种类群;同时检测到一些低丰度的海洋专属PAHs降解菌,如Cycloclasticus,Alteromonas和Neptunomonas等。本文结果将加深对白令海及楚科奇海表层沉积物中PAHs降解菌资源与生物多样性的认识。 相似文献
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Distribution and sources of organochlorine pesticides in water and sediments from Daliao River estuary of Liaodong Bay,Bohai Sea (China) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The levels of 19 kinds of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the aqueous phase, suspended particulate matter (SPM), pore water and sediments from Daliao River estuary of Liaodong Bay (Bohai Sea) in northeast China were investigated to evaluate their potential pollution risks. The total OCPs concentrations in the aqueous phase, SPM, pore water and sediments were 3.7–30.1 ng l−1, 4.6–52.6 ng l−1, 157–830 ng l−1 and 2.1–21.3 ng g−1 dry weight, respectively. The concentrations of OCPs, in the Daliao River estuary, are in the mid-range, as compared to those reported in other estuaries worldwide. The distribution of HCHs and DDTs were different indicating different contamination sources. Lindane is the main type of HCH and continuing use in northeast China of ‘pure’ HCH (lindane) rather than technical HCH accounts for the source. The ratios of (DDE + DDD)/DDT in the samples indicate no recent inputs of these chemicals to the estuary. 相似文献
14.
南大西洋沉积物中多环芳香化合物的组成特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
10 samples of sediments obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were measured for the abundances and distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds(PAHs). The total concentrations of PAHs(∑PAHs) ranged from 2.768 to 9.826 μg/g dry sediment. The ∑PAHs was higher in sample 22V-TVG10 and sample 26V-TVG05 which were close to hydrothermal fields, with the lowest value in sample 22V-TVG14 which was farthest from hydrothermal fields, suggesting a probable hydrothermal origin of ∑PAHs of samples. Approximately nine kinds of PAHs were identified, and low molecular mass tricyclic and tetracyclic aromatic compounds were predominant in the samples. The concentrations of fluoranthene which were typical as hydrothermal alteration compounds were the highest among PAHs with dry weight between 0.913–3.157 μg/g. The phenanthrene homologue was most abundant in the samples, and the ratios between parent phenanthrene and methylphenanthrene which probably reflected the degree of hydrothermal alteration ranged from 0.097 to 1.602. The sample 22V-TVG10 possessing a maximum ratio value showed the intense influence of the hydrothermal alteration on this sample, which might further imply that PAHs in sediments were mainly derived from the hydrothermal alteration. 相似文献
15.
Seven stations were established in the Quanzhou Bay (24.73°-24.96°N, 118.50°-118.70°E) in China on three cruises to determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the numbers of PAH-degrading bacteria in surface sediments. Assessing the biodegradation poten- tial of indigenous microorganisms by measuring the respiratory intensity with the addition of PAHs in sediment samples was also one of the aims of this study. The results show that the total PAH concentrations of the sedimen... 相似文献
16.
用5种不同的培养基对胶州湾近岸污染环境可培养半知菌进行选择性分离,共得到235株半知菌,其中YM培养基、MPDA培养基对半知菌的分离效果最好,分别占分离总量的26.4%和24.7%。试验选择的3个站位：石老人潮间带、海泊河入海口、李村河入海口PAHs含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中石老人最低,平均为113.8 ng/g,海泊河 PAHs 为324.9 ng/g,介于中等水平,李村河含量最高为882.1 ng/g。可培养半知菌群体随PAHs含量的增加表现出先升高后降低的趋势。对各站位的半知菌进行统计发现,污染不同的站位,可培养半知菌优势种群不同,说明PAHs的污染可对半知菌的菌落结构组成产生影响。 相似文献
17.
This study examined the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments collected in July 2004 from eight stations in the Zhelin Bay, one of the most important bays for large-scale mariculture in Guangdong Province. Thirteen individual parent PAH compounds were identified using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The overall average concentration of total PAHs was 477.0 ng/g, ranging from 146.1 to 928.8 ng/g. Low molecular mass PAHs with two to three rings (e.g., acenaphthene) were dominant in each sample. The PAH concentration varied among sampling stations, with the highest concentration observed at bay outlets and the lowest found at stations outside the bay. Ratios of low to high molecular mass PAHs and fluoranthene to pyrene were used to determine the origin of PAHs, and results indicated mainly petroleum-derived contamination. Compared with other bays and harbors around the world, the total concentrations of PAHs in surface sediments at the Zhelin Bay are moderate, but this does not exclude the possibility of potential impact on human consumers because some strong carcinogenic PAHs with high molecular mass were found at the station with a nearby caged-fish and oyster farm. Long-term monitoring of PAH contamination in the Zhelin Bay is recommended to reduce the potential toxicological effects on aquatic organisms and humans. 相似文献
18.
厦门海域表层沉积物中DDTs、HCHs和PCBs的含量及其分布 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对厦门海域表层沉积物中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量与分布进行了调查研究.调查结果表明厦门海域HCHs和PCBs含量较低,远低于国家海洋沉积物质量标准第一类底质标准的阈值,说明其污染已受到有效控制;但厦门海域表层沉积物中DDTs含量较高,部分海区已经超出或者接近国家海洋沉积物质量标准第一类底质标准的阈值.DDTs和PCBs有极为相似的分布特征,而HCHs的分布特征则不尽相同. 相似文献
19.
东海表层水体中的多环芳烃及其沉积通量估算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以东海陆架水体中溶解态多环芳烃(PAHs)含量为基础,引入颗粒相-水相间的物质吸附系数(Koc)计算悬浮颗粒物中PAHs有机碳归一化含量,结合陆架沉积物有机碳的年埋藏通量,估算东海陆架沉积物中PAHs沉积通量。结果显示:水体中溶解态的15种PAHs总含量为(701±392)ng/L,变化范围为412~1 032ng/L,PAHs组成以3环为主。计算得到的悬浮颗粒物中15种PAHs有机碳归一化含量为20~28μg/g,对应的PAHs沉积通量为150~210t/a。估算结果与实测沉积物中PAHs含量和沉积通量结果基本吻合,表明实验室模拟实验获取的化合物Koc值适用于东海颗粒相-水相间的分配模型,证实悬浮颗粒物有机碳含量在控制PAHs两相分布过程中起着重要作用。同时,该方法为海洋沉积物中PAHs沉积通量的估算提供一种新途径。 相似文献
20.
Effects of PCBs sorbed to algal paste and sediments on the stress protein response (HSP70 family) in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
L A Cruz-Rodríguez A J Baucum P Soudant F L Chu R C Hale 《Marine environmental research》2000,50(1-5):341-345
This study examined the stress protein response (HSP70 family) of reproductively inactive oysters fed 0.7 g algal paste containing 0, 0.35 and 3.5 micrograms polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) daily. A second set of treatment groups investigated the combined effect of PCBs and sediments (0.3 g sediments daily per oyster) on HSP70 response. After 8 weeks of PCB exposure, oyster tissues (mantle and gill) were sampled and analyzed for HSP70. Preliminary results did not show a significant effect in HSP70 response in oysters fed PCB sorbed to algal paste, albeit PCBs accumulated up to 1342 ng/g dry weight in the mantle, and up to 180 ng/g dry weight in gill tissues. However, the addition of sediments caused a significant increase in HSP70 levels of gills and mantle, although the mantle was less sensitive to the sediments. 相似文献