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1.
Kazakhstan regions is seasonal climatic with transient freezing of soil groundduring the winter. Roadbed integrity is important to resist the sustained load transmitted by traffic on the road surface. Freezing of soil ground could significantlyinfluence roadbed integrity in the seasonal freezing climate of Kazakhstan. The proper determination magnitude of frost heave and heaving pressure by the influence of freezing temperatures during the winter season are necessary for design and construction of highways. Thus, experimental tests were conducted on specimens obtained from Astana (Kazakhstan) to determine the freezing pressure and magnitude of frost heaving. 相似文献
2.
A new experiment method is introduced to study the relations between frost heaving strain and stress of soil or fracture rock under different moisture contents, temperatures and stress states. Based on experiments, a new triaxial frost heaving stress-strain relation is presented aiming at tunnel in cold regions. The experimental equipments are strain-controlled and low temperature buildup, and different restrained conditions are controlled by changing the stiffness of a test-force-ring. Then the frost heaving strain and stress of soil or fracture rock can be obtained under different restrained conditions, and the frost heaving stress-strain relation can be got by regression analysis of some feature points. Experiments of saturated sandy soil conducted by this method show that the triaxial frost heaving stress-strain relation could be expressed by logarithmic curves, and the frost heaving stress changes linearly with the logarithm of the frost heaving strain. The stronger the constraint, the smaller the frost heaving strain and the larger the frost heaving stresses. The frost heaving stresses would tend to a limit value with increasing the constraint intensity. The larger the confining pressure, the larger the frost heaving strain and stress. 相似文献
3.
Based on the similarity theory, taking the horseshoe, city-gate and round linings as examples, the value and distribution regularities of normal frost heaving pressures （hereinafter as frost heaving pressures） in tunnels excavated in fractured rock mass in cold regions under different constraints and freezing depths were studied by a test model. It was found that the larger the frozen depth, the larger the frost heaving pressure, and the stronger the top constraint, the larger the frost heaving pressure. For the horseshoe lining and city-gate lining, the top constraint has a greater effect on the frost heaving pressures on the arch and the inverted arch. For the round lining, the influences of the top constraint on the frost heaving pressure in all linings are almost the same. The frost heaving pressure is maximum on the city-gate lining and minimal on the round lining. The largest frost heaving pressure all occur near the foot of the inverted arch for the three kinds of lining. Thus, the test data basically coincide with the observed in situ data. 相似文献
4.
Frost susceptibility should be considered in the design and construction of foundations and retaining-wall structures in regions with the seasonally freezing-soil ground condition. When planning construction that goes deep into this soil, one has to understand the impact of horizontal forces to an underground wall and realize the potential effect of frost heaving upon, deep foundations. This article presents a few soil tests for frost heaving and the results of those tests show dangerous data for retaining structures under the soil conditions in Kazakhstan. The main parameters of the soil include frost penetration and heaving rate and amount. So, in designing underground structures, one must understand and consider that frost heaving occurs in various directions; this factor is very important for predicting on the restriction of deformations of structures in the seasonally freezing-soil ground condition. 相似文献
5.
Frost heaving is a well-known phenomenon in cold regions, which may occur in wet clayey grounds during winter. Railway track upheaval occurring in cold regions during the winter is generally understood as frost heaving in the subgrade layer. However, it has been confirmed that upheaval due to frost heaving sometimes occurs in the ballast layer. This understanding has been observed in active railways in northern Japan. The samples collected from ballast and subgrade layers have been examined for frost heave susceptibilities and confirmed that ballast layers which contain fines may heave. 相似文献
6.
XinPing Luo KeLi Wang Hao Jiang Jia Sun JuanJuan Xu QingLiang Zhu ZhaoGuo Li 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(2):0104-0111
Land surface evapotranspiration (ET) is an important part of the hydrologic cycle and energy balances.With the development of remote sensing technology,research on monitoring and estimating of evapotranspiration has made important progress.This paper summarizes advances in measuring and estimating regional evapotranspiration at home and abroad based on traditional methods and remote sensing.This summary includes such methods as Bowen,Gradient,Penman-Monteith,Water Balance,Eddy Correlation,SPAC,Energy Balance and Remote Sensing.Also,the evapotranspiration achievements in the Heihe River Basin are also discussed.Finally,the existing problems in regional evapotranspiration research and future development prospects are also discussed at the conclusion of this paper. 相似文献
7.
Fine round gravel soil is widely employed in the subgrade of high speed railways in cold regions to prevent frost heaving
and thawing. The lower the fines content in fine round gravel soil, the smaller the quantities of frost heaving and thawing,
but compaction difficulty increases. This study is to obtain the optimum fines content and limited frost heaving and
thawing. The fine round gravel soil filling (FRGSF) used in the Harbin-Qiqihaer Passenger Dedicated Line is taken as the
study object. Influence of fines content on optimum water content, maximum dry density and frost heaving properties of
FRGSF were studied by means of compaction and frost heaving tests. Results show that the maximum dry density of the
FRGSF increases first and then decreases with an increase of fines content, namely there is an optimum fines content for
easy compaction. The method of surface-vibratory instrument is fit for coarse-grained soils, and wet state of
coarse-grained soil is in favor of compaction. Considering the relationship of fines content with maximum dry density and
the frost heaving ratio of FRGSF, the fines content should be limited to within the range of 9%-10%, so that the frost
heaving ratio is less than 1%, and the FRGSF is easily compacted. Water supply is proved to be an important factor influencing
the amount of frost heaving of FRGSF. We also conclude that in the field, it is imperative to control waterproofing
and drainage measures. 相似文献
8.
自然地理学创新发展与展望 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
自然地理学自中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所建立以来一直是立所的核心学科,长期以服务国家重大需求为使命,在综合自然地理、气候、地貌、水文、土壤地理、生物地理、化学地理等各学科领域取得一批重要科技成果和进展,奠定了自然地理各分支学科在国内外的优势,为国家科技创新、区域经济社会可持续发展做出了重要贡献。本文回顾了中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所自然地理学的创新发展历程,总结了自然地理学取得的学术成就与标志性进展,并展望了中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所自然地理学未来发展,提出以陆地表层要素—过程交互作用机制,陆地表层格局动态研究,陆地表层系统过程的综合集成与模拟,陆地表层系统有序人类活动的可持续范式和调控机制为核心的发展战略。 相似文献
9.
国际发展研究指相对发达国家的发展经验和知识在发展中国家本地化的研究,是西方地理学的经典议题。本文梳理和总结了20世纪中叶以来国际发展研究的发展历程,包括其出现背景、兴起过程和学科格局,系统评述了国际发展知识演变的4个阶段,即现代化理论阶段（20世纪50—70年代）、新自由主义阶段（20世纪80—90年代）、新结构主义阶段（21世纪初10年）,以及新现代化理论阶段（21世纪10年代至今）。借鉴西方经验,对照当前中国崛起的过程,提出中国已经到了需要为发展中国家提供国际发展知识的新阶段,应积极推动国际发展地理学。结合高质量共建“一带一路”的必然要求,立足学科优势,建议了中国开展国际发展地理学研究的4个方向,包括基于中国的区域发展经验和空间治理模式研究,针对发展中国家现代化地理研究,“一带一路”建设海外重大项目案例研究和国际发展融资地理研究。 相似文献
10.
This paper outlines development of the thickness design of cylindrical frozen walls in artificial ground freezing (AFG). A plain strain mechanical model coupled with infinite surrounding soil and rock ... 相似文献
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12.
In the cold regions of northern China, incidents of municipal underground gas pipeline rupture and leakage occur quite frequently,
most often in winter. To prevent harm to citizen safety and property, analysis of the causes of such cracking and leakage is therefore
valuable. Two incident analyses are discussed here and the reasons why most of these types of cases occur during winter are clarified.
The effects of vehicle loadings above buried pipelines are calculated and compared with the effects and calculations of frost heaving
forces. We demonstrate that when the soil layer above a pipeline freezes rapidly, the soil generates repeated frost heaving, which exerts
heaving forces on the pipeline that can result in fatigue crack propagation and ultimate pipeline failure. Therefore, the incident induced
by frost heaving is one of the primary reasons of gas pipeline failure. Based on these analyses, we present some recommendations
pertaining to the proper design, construction, and management of gas pipelines. 相似文献
13.
中国生态城市理论研究现状与实践问题思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
回溯中国生态城市研究的缘起,利用历史分析、文献检索等方法,分析中国生态城市研究的主要领域、发展过程及其影响因素等问题,探讨城市生态理论研究、城市化率、国家宏观环境政策等对生态城市研究与建设实践的影响效果,在系统梳理1989年以来国家宏观环境政策的基础上总结中国生态城市建设实践的基本特征,并指出了中国生态城市建设中存在的主要问题。结果表明：① 北京、天津、上海、江苏等省份是中国生态城市研究力量分布的核心地区,研究者以高级职称者居多;② 从论文成果看,中国生态城市研究获得资助的类型以国家级科学基金项目和省部级项目为主,研究成果以工程技术（自科）、行业指导（社科）为主;实践中,包括地方政府在内的其他项目也对生态城市给予了很大关注;③ 生态城市建设、生态城市规划设计、生态城市与可持续发展、生态城市与生态环境等是研究热点领域中的重点;④ 对中国生态城市研究具有极大引导与促进作用的主要有城市化率、生态城市发展、国家生态环境管理水平、宏观管理政策导向等因素;⑤ 认识水平的深化、注重环境要素建设、住居与生产功能的综合、城市与区域协调、从定性到定量评估等是中国生态城市建设实践的五大基本特征;⑥ 中国生态城市建设中的问题主要存在于发展定位、区域环境影响、主体功能区划、规划与管理等四个方面。 相似文献
14.
农业地理与乡村发展研究新近进展 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
本文首先总结了近年来国际上农业地理与乡村发展研究进展,涉及研究的领域、理论和方法及其发展趋势,随后回顾了中华人民共和国成立以来中国农业地理与乡村发展学科的研究进展、取得的重要成果及其在农业与农村发展决策实践中的应用。中国农业地理与乡村发展学科的研究进展归纳为研究成果、新方法与新技术应用、主要成果和项目影响及决策服务应用等方面。其中研究成果主要包括：① 农业与乡村地理学综合研究;② 乡村转型发展与重构;③ 新农村建设综合研究;④ 城镇化、农村空心化与空心村整治;⑤ 中心村与专业村建设;⑥ 城乡发展一体化与等值化;⑦ 区域农业与乡村发展研究;⑧ 研究成果的系统化与国际化。最后,通过比较国内外相关领域的研究进展,联系中国实际,展望了未来中国农业与乡村地理学研究。 相似文献
15.
关于我国土壤侵蚀模型研究进展 总被引：37，自引：6，他引：31
土壤侵蚀模型作为了解土壤侵蚀过程与强度,掌握土地资源发展动态,指导人们合理利用土地资源,管理和维持人类长期生存环境的重要技术工具,受到世界各国的普遍重视。本文总结了中国土壤侵蚀模型的主要成果,对经验统计模型、物理成因模型、国外模型在我国的应用方面作了详细的介绍。在总结和评价中国土壤侵蚀模型的基础上,提出了今后土壤侵蚀模型应该注重的发展方向:(1)注重土壤侵蚀模型的理论研究,将从以侵蚀因子为基础的侵蚀预报向侵蚀过程的量化研究和理论完善,研究各侵蚀因子及其交互作用对侵蚀过程的影响,泥沙在复杂坡面以及不同流域尺度间的分散、输移和沉积作用;(2)加强对重力侵蚀、洞穴侵蚀机制的研究,加强对大中流域侵蚀模型的研究;(3)充分利用先进的RS、GIS技术,为侵蚀模型的研究提供大量的数据源,以利于对土壤侵蚀模型的检验。 相似文献
16.
作物需水量研究进展的回顾与展望 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
国内外有关作物需水研究的进展情况和相关估算方法,包括研究内容、定量估算方法和数学预测方法,通过其分析论述了各方法的主要原理、特点及局限性,并指出了日前作物需水研究领域存在的主要问题是在非均一下垫面条件下,植被与环境以及植被间的相互作用要比均一下垫面复杂得多。目前的计算模式存在着许多假设,普适性不够,难以推广应用,今后需进一步研究的课题与采取的研究思路主要是改进蒸散计算方法。最后简要介绍了一种利用遥感蒸散模型率定通用陆面模式CoLM来估算区域陆面蒸散量以及陆地耗水量的思路。 相似文献
17.
土壤资源保护是地理学的一项重要任务—黄秉维学术思想研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
在黄秉维先生和老一辈地理学家的带领和指导下,我国地理学一直都把农业作为地理学的重点和核心内容,尤其是对以土壤资源合理利用和保护为重点的国土开发整治研究极为关注。因此,土壤环境保护一直都是地理学的一项重要任务。鉴于土壤环境保护在我国地理学中的重要地位,本文着重探讨了黄秉维在土壤侵蚀、土地质量退化和土壤环境保护等方面的学术思想。 相似文献
18.
对各类风化壳进行综合调查,根据碎屑岩、块状岩、变质岩的风化壳发育特征,结合地层岩性和地质构造的特点,概述了广东地区的地质环境条件。从地层岩性和岩土结构、地质构造、地貌特征、地下水、矿物成分与滑坡的关系,叙述了滑坡的形成机制。认为暴雨和人类活动是滑坡的主要影响因素。提出了24h降雨量达到100~250mm,降雨强度50~70mm/h为引发滑坡的降雨量临界值,大于该临界值的雨量和雨强引发滑坡的概率较高,小于该临界值时引发滑坡的概率较低。该临界值可在全省不同的降雨区域针对不同的地质环境进行滑坡灾害监测和预警时作参考。 相似文献
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20.
物流地理学研究进展与展望 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以国内地理学视角物流活动研究为基础,梳理了中国物流地理学的发展脉络和理论进展。通过文献研究方法,分析了国内物流地理学的研究背景,对主要研究领域进行了综述,进一步理清了地理学研究与物流学研究的边缘学术衔接点,映射了20 年来中国学术背景下的物流地理学的研究进展和规律,列举出了各研究板块的代表性文献,对国内物流地理学研究的深化开辟了新的理论途径。研究表明,中国学术界物流地理研究宏观属性相对明显,地理学视角研究极大地丰富了物流活动研究的理论基础和方法论体系,已形成了物流运输地理研究、区域物流地理研究、港口场站物流地理研究、物流地理信息系统研究和物流地理综合性方法论研究等主要研究板块。最后,依托国内物流地理学研究的基本态势和现实经济社会发展的需求,探讨了未来中国物流地理学研究的基本趋向。 相似文献