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1.
针对水下图像对比度偏低，细节模糊的问题，本文提出基于非锐化掩模引导滤波的细节增强方法。首先由原始图像做引导图进行滤波得到细节层图像，并对细节层使用噪声检测的中值滤波去除斑点噪声；然后对原始图像进行基于均值滤波的非锐化掩模，得到锐化图像，并将锐化图像作为引导图对原始图像进行引导滤波，获取基础层图像；最后将滤波后的细节层进行增益后与引导滤波获取的基础层进行叠加，达到增强水下图像细节的目的。并通过信息熵、局部对比度和平均梯度3种客观评价指标对图像处理结果进行了对比分析，主观和客观测试结果表明，本文采用的算法能够有效提高图像对比度以及增强细节信息，有利于提高水下图像资料解释的准确性。 相似文献
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水下环境光线昏暗,仅依靠自然光源难以清晰成像,通常需要增加人工光源,但人工光源的引入会导致场景亮度不均。在这种包含自然光源和人工光源的混合光照环境下,所拍摄的水下图像质量严重退化,不仅降低视觉观感,更影响后续高级计算机视觉任务的顺利开展。然而现有方法大都只考虑了自然光源的影响,对混合光源环境下的水下图像复原效果不佳。为了解决混合光源环境下水下图像存在的光照不均、 色偏、细节模糊等问题,提出了一个光照感知编解码器网络用于水下图像复原。一方面,在多尺度结构中引入注意力机制和改进残差结构高效提取丰富的结构细节特征,另一方面增加光照感知图作为先验约束网络复原结果的对比度。此外,设计了合适的损失函数,引导网络充分学习水下图像和清晰图像间的非线性映射关系,使恢复图像的色调更自然,纹理细节更丰富。对比试验结果证明此方法在主观感知和客观指标上均优于对比算法,消融实验证明所提网络模块和光照感知的有效性。 相似文献
3.
水下成像存在颜色失真、图像对比度严重下降等问题。大多数基于深度学习的水下图像增强方法依赖仿真数据集,由于仿真与实测数据之间存在较大的分布差异,实测泛化能力受限。将水下图像增强任务划分为 2 个更简单,但是同时具有明确物理意义的子问题：颜色校正和对比度增强,提出基于物理模型分解的域内–域间迁移框架。首先,域内迁移校正图像颜色,通过学习对退化图像进行分解,在场景光层面通过对齐颜色退化,校正颜色失真同时保证其它成分完全不受影响。进一步,再次利用基于水下散射模型的分解策略,通过针对性迁移水下退化因素,使得仿真–实测域之间实现相互迁移和交互,增强水下图像对比度。实验结果表明：本方法在真实水下图像数据集上处理的结果,在色彩、纹理细节和清晰程度方面均优于现有的对比方法。 相似文献
4.
由于水介质的吸收和散射特性会导致雾化、低对比度、颜色退化等各种水下成像失真,严重影响了水下图像的后续利用。为了恢复清晰的水下图像,提出一种基于改进生成对抗网络的深度学习模型。借助图像质量评价技术,将生成的过程样本与高质量样本进行拟合,并将拟合得到的差值信息用于优化网络中的生成器。改进的生成式对抗网络有效改善了由真假训练逻辑带来的图像质量提升限制的问题。实验结果显示：该方法有效的恢复了水下图像的色彩,并改善了图像的清晰度和对比度;相比其他方法,提出的方法在 SSIM、UCIQE 和 UIQM 指标上分别提升了 2.9%、6.2%和 14.3%。 相似文献
5.
近年来各国对于海洋生物的保护意识日益强烈,用来监测海洋生物生存状态的水下机器人装备的研发是保护海洋生物资源的关键。水下相机是这类机器人在水下进行海洋生物监测时的光学感知设备。然而水下环境复杂,拍摄到的图像模糊不清,为解决水下图像模糊等问题,提出了一种基于双通道的水下图像增强卷积神经网络。在网络的编码器中采用双通道结构,其中一个通道采用了密集连接和高效通道注意力机制,提取水下图像的细节特征,另一个通道采用多尺度结构,提取原始图像的多尺度语义特征。接着,在网络中引入残差注意力模块和自适应特征融合模块,进一步优化了特征。最后将优化后的特征输入解码器重建出增强后的水下图像。试验表明：提出的网络算法在UIQM指标和Entropy指标上分别为3.005 6和7.654 7,较第二名的算法分别高出0.097 5和0.123 2。 相似文献
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水下图像增强因其在海洋勘测和水下机器人中的重要意义而备受关注。在过去的几年中，已经提出了许多水下图像增强算法。已有的深度学习方法由于忽略水下图像的预处理过程和对红色通道信息的增强或者弱化了这个过程，导致增强结果并不显著，其往往只适应特定的场景，缺乏泛化能力。为此，基于卷积神经网络建立了一种全新的水下图像增强算法，为了充分利用特征图的通道信息，在相同维度的特征图之间采用不同尺寸的卷积核获取更多通道数目的特征。然后，基于红色通道构建了注意力机制，以加强对于图像中容易丢失信息的红色通道的特征提取。最后，在 EUVP，UFO120 数据集做了消融实验，证明了红色通道注意力机制的有效性。通过对对比实验的增强结果进行各项指标分析，证明增强结果有着更高的结构相似性和峰值信噪比，并且在无参考指标方面有着更高的颜色平衡、清晰度以及对比度，综合性能优于以往的方法。 相似文献
8.
侧扫声呐回波信号是形成侧扫声呐图像的基础,是侧扫声呐系统对水下目标的最直接观测量, 将一维小波变换与非线性增强方法相结合,提出了一种基于小波变换的侧扫声呐回波信号非线性增强算法, 用以改善侧扫声呐图像对比度低、噪声强度大的问题。首先利用改进的 Bayes 阈值对侧扫声呐 ping 信号进行一维小波分解,提取信号特征信息;然后利用 2 种不同的非线性函数对高、低频小波系数进行处理;最后利用小波反变换重构信号,形成增强后的侧扫声呐图像。实测数据验证结果表明：利用该算法对侧扫声呐 ping 信号进行处理,实现了侧扫声呐图像对比度的增强和对噪声的抑制,可以获取较好的图像视觉效果。 相似文献
9.
现有的基于深度学习的水下图像增强方法在仿真的水下图像上取得了良好的效果。但是,由于简化的仿真图像与复杂的真实图像之间存在较大差距,此类方法在处理真实水下图像时性能明显下降。为了解决真实水下图像增强问题,提出了一种联合生成–去除水下图像增强方法。该方法采用分解思路,将水下图像分解为干净的背景层和退化层,通过循环一致性损失和对抗性损失来更好地保留背景,进而实现真实图像和仿真图像之间的转换,既校正了图像颜色,又提升了图像对比度,实现良好的增强效果。实验结果表明, 本方法在真实水下图像数据集上处理的结果,在色彩、纹理细节和清晰程度方面均优于现有的对比方法。 相似文献
10.
针对水下小目标探测与识别难的问题,开展基于侧扫声呐的声呐图像滤波、图像分割及目标提取方法研究。常规滤波方法难以有效清除图像中存在的噪声,从而造成图像质量下降。采用非局部均值滤波算法与 GPU 加速的方法,在获得声呐图像较好处理效果的同时,满足水下小目标检测实时性的要求;同时, 采用膨胀算法与 Canny 边缘检测算法相结合的方式,实现了水下真假目标的有效区分。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
14.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
15.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
16.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
19.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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