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1.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(10)
建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)同步定性定量检测海水中3类12种抗生素的分析方法。通过改变去簇电压和碰撞能量,对HPLC-MS/MS的灵敏度进行优化;通过改变上样流速和洗脱剂种类,对水样的固相萃取方法进行优化。采用乙腈和0.1%甲酸-10 mmol·L~(-1)甲酸铵水溶液体系作为流动相,经过梯度洗脱进行分离,在HPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式下进行目标抗生素定性定量分析。结果显示,12种抗生素的方法定量限范围为0.24～5.93 ng/L,加标回收率为62.8%～106.6%。采用该方法对莱州湾海域21个海水样品进行检测,除四环素、强力霉素和金霉素外,其余9种抗生素均有不同程度的检出。结果表明,本方法灵敏度高,可用于海水中多种抗生素的同步分析。 相似文献
2.
采用静水试验法,以四种典型抗生素(四环素、土霉素、磺胺甲恶唑和诺氟沙星)对刺参幼参分别进行了单一的急性毒性试验。结果表明:四环素对刺参幼参的24h、48h、72h、96h的LC_(50)分别为675.96、574.12、407.79、319.32mg/L;土霉素对刺参幼参的24h、48h、72h、96h的LC50分别为390.81、311.97、262.88、224.88mg/L;磺胺甲恶唑对刺参幼参的24h、48h、72h、96h的LC50分别为569.64、478.10、399.00、296.89mg/L;诺氟沙星对刺参幼参的24h、48h、72h、96h的LC_(50)分别为164.88、63.26、45.19、37.65mg/L。另外,四种抗生素对刺参幼参的安全浓度(SC)分别为31.20mg/L(四环素)、22.49mg/L(土霉素)、29.69mg/L(磺胺甲恶唑)和3.77mg/L(诺氟沙星),按照水生生物毒性分级,诺氟沙星对刺参幼参为中毒物质,其他三种抗生素药物对幼参为低毒物质。 相似文献
3.
磺胺类、四环素、喹诺酮类和多粘菌素抗生素是医学与养殖业中的常用抗生素,其中多粘菌素在畜牧养殖业中常作为促长剂添加。调查分析了这4类抗生素的常见耐药基因在东海温州近海水域的分布情况。利用抗性平板筛选温州近海水域对磺胺类、四环素类及喹诺酮类抗生素耐药的可培养细菌分离株,对耐药分离株通过PCR方法进行目标耐药基因检测;对目标耐药基因阳性的耐药分离株进行多粘菌素耐药基因MCR检测以及采用微量二倍稀释法测定对上述4类抗生素的耐药性。结果表明,利用抗性平板筛选获得可培养耐药分离株1 605株,从中筛选到目标耐药基因阳性的51株,检出率为3.18%,包括含磺胺类耐药基因35株、含四环素耐药基因36株、含喹诺酮耐药基因17株、含多粘菌素耐药基因2株; 51株耐药菌归于7个菌属,其中气单胞菌属(Aeromonas sp.) 43株,占比84.31%,枸橼酸杆菌属(Citrobacter sp.)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella sp.)各2株,埃希氏菌属(Escherichia sp.)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus sp.)、Thalassobius sp.及Amphritea sp.各1株;上述2株非常见分离株不统计在内,常见的49株均对四环素耐药, 41株对多粘菌素耐药,对磺胺类和喹诺酮类耐药的分离株均为34株;同时,发现23株对4类抗生素均产生耐药, 16株对多达3种抗生素耐药,多重耐药现象普遍存在。同时,鉴定出MCR-3阳性的条件致病菌维氏气单胞菌和豚鼠气单胞菌各1株。综上,温州市近海水域中含有常见耐药基因的耐药分离株检出率较低,但同一耐药基因的细菌分布多样,对磺胺类、四环素类、喹诺酮类及多粘菌素类等4类抗生素表现出较强的耐药性,多重耐药现象明显。研究结果将为评估温州近海水域的细菌耐药性风险,规范抗生素的使用提供科学依据。 相似文献
4.
四环素类抗生素(Tetracyclines, TCs)在生产中的滥用会导致其在环境中的残留,极大提高了人体感染疾病的风险,并且目前仍缺乏快速、有效的检测手段。基于TCs在水中易与Fe2+、Fe3+产生强烈络合的特性,本文制备了一种部分碳化NH2-MIL-101(Fe)用于水中TCs快速检测的比色检测方法。经惰性气氛煅烧法对NH2-MIL-101(Fe)进行改性,制备了两种改性材料,并对两种改性材料和前体的表面形貌及化学结构进行了表征。对比了NH2-MIL-101(Fe)和350、450℃下煅烧的改性材料与土霉素间的络合效果,实验结果表明,3种材料均可与土霉素络合,350℃煅烧得到的部分碳化材料具有最佳催化效果,并显示出良好的稳定性和分散性。在优化的检测条件下(催化剂投加量12μg·mL-1、H2O2浓度6 mmol·L-1、TMB浓度5 mmol·L-1、pH=5.5、... 相似文献
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关于对虾幼体对常用药物,如:士霉素、氯霉素、新诺明、痢特灵和呋喃西林等的耐受能力,以及这些药物对幼体的变态是否有影响,目前国内外报道很少。冷本芝等曾就糠虾幼虫对磺胺脒、痢特灵、高锰酸钾、土霉素和四环素的耐受能力作过介绍。我们在1990年对虾育苗期间进行了中国对虾各期幼体对土霉素、氯霉素、新诺明、痢特灵和呋喃西林的耐受能力,以及这些药物对幼体变态影响的试验,现将结果报告如下。 相似文献
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采用高效液相色谱法为定性、定量手段,研究土霉素在牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)体内的药代动力学过程,采用DAS(Drug and Statistics)药代动力学程序对数据进行分析.结果表明,牙鲆单剂量口服土霉素后(200 mg/kg),血药经时过程符合二室模型,主要动力学参数如下:吸收半衰期(T(1/2)a)为10.043 h,单剂量给药后牙鲆体内出现最高质量分数的时间(Tmax)为4.000 h,单剂量给药后牙鲆体内最高血药质量分数(Cmax)为0.54 mg/L,药时曲线下总面积(CAU0-72)为17.15 (mg*h)/L,吸收速率常数(Ka)为0.223,消除速率常数(k)为0.476 h-1.牙鲆肌肉中土霉素的经时过程符合一级吸收一室模型,主要动力学参数:T(1/2)a为74.893 h,Tmax为4.000 h,Cmax为3.58 mg/L,CAU0-72为148.56 (mg*h)/L,Ka为0.731,k为2.991 h-1.牙鲆肝脏中土霉素的经时过程符合一级吸收一室模型,主要动力学参数:T(1/2)a为31.376 h,Tmax为4.000 h,Cmax为13.78 mg/L,CAU0-72为494.14 (mg*h)/L,Ka为0.876,k为4.940 h-1. 相似文献
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采用常规的培养特征、理化特性及分子生物学的方法,对从濒死异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)血液中分离到的菌株SY-1进行了致病性、表型生物学、分子生物学及药敏试验的系统研究。结果表明,该菌株在盐度5—30、pH6—8,温度10—42℃的LB液体培养基中均能生长,具有脲酶。该菌株16SrRNA基因序列(Gen Bank登录存取号:JX164201,长度1435bp)与其它不动杆菌属菌的16SrRNA基因同源性相似性在99%—100%之间,构建系统发育树确定该菌株为醋酸钙不动杆菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)。人工回感可导致异育银鲫死亡。药敏试验结果显示:对恩诺沙星、强力霉素、萘啶酸、复方新诺明、氧氟沙星等10种抗生素敏感;对羧苄青霉素、诺氟沙星、大观霉素、卡那霉素、四环素等14种抗生素中度敏感;对氨苄西林、苯唑西林、林可霉素、万古霉素、氟苯尼考等15种抗生素耐药。 相似文献
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根据2005年4月和10月厦门市贝类生产环境区划调查资料,着重对僧帽牡蛎(Saccostrea cacullata)、菲律宾蛤仔(Rudita Pesphilippin adams)、泥蚶(Tegillarca grannosa)和缢蛏(Sinonvacula cucullata)的软体部、胃含物、外套膜、卵、肌肉和外套腔液中的重金属含量进行探讨和研究.结果表明,厦门4种养殖贝类体内Cu,Pb,Cd和Zn的湿质量比分别为0.88～60.3 mg/kg,0.12～0.48 mg/kg、0.04～0.72 mg/kg和12.4～163.5 mg/kg,平均湿质量比分别为16.3,0.24,0.38,63.9 mg/kg.在不同养殖水域,同种贝类体内重金属的含量差异较大,在相同养殖水域贝类体内重金属的平均含量种间差异也较大.4种贝类的胃舍物中重金属的平均含量最高,外套膜和软体部次之,外套腔液含量最低.根据<无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量的标准,对4种贝类体重金属的污染程度进行评价,结果表明,僧帽牡蛎、菲律宾蛤仔和缢蛏体中重金属的含量均未超标,但泥蚶体内Cd的含量略微超标. 相似文献
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柱前衍生-RP-HPLC方法测定水产品中生物胺 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立同时测定水产品中多种生物胺的丹磺酰氯柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱方法。用5%TCA提取样品中生物胺,正己烷脱脂,正丁醇/氯仿(1/1,v/v)萃取,以1,7二胺庚烷为内标,丹磺酰氯为衍生剂衍生后,采用CAPCELL PAK C18MG(4.6 mm I.D.×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇/水为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,流速1.5 mL/min。荧光检测器的激发波长(Ex)350 nm,发射波长(Em)520 nm。结果显示:色胺、苯乙胺、腐胺、尸胺、组胺、酪胺、精胺和亚精胺等8种生物胺在30 min内完全分离。在给定的浓度范围内,待测生物胺峰面积与内标峰面积之比同其相应浓度呈良好的线性相关(r>0.99)。仪器重复性良好(RSD<1.34%),方法重复性也在可接收范围内(RSD<10%)。除色胺(57.7%)外,其它7种生物胺的样品平均回收率均在94.2%~110.3%之间。结果表明生物胺的HPLC检测方法,分离度好,灵敏度高,可快捷、准确地对水产品中生物胺进行定性和定量检测。 相似文献
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对一株有毒的塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense(Lebour) Balech)进行了8种抗生素-氯霉素、红霉素、林可霉素、庆大霉素、金霉素、氨苄青霉素、新霉素和链霉素的敏感性实验.结果表明,该藻对抗生素较为敏感.其中的5种:氯霉素、红霉素、林可霉素、庆大霉素和金霉素,对藻8d比生长速率的EC50分别为2.45μg/cm3,25.2μg/cm3,7.95μg/cm3,285u/cm3,58.7μg/cm3,可用作该藻基因工程的选择压力,其对应的抗性基因可以作为基因工程阳性选择标记基因,应用于塔玛亚历山大藻的遗传操作研究.新霉素和链霉素对A.tamarense的生长无明显抑制作用,可以用于藻株无菌化培养而应用于甲藻产毒机制和赤潮爆发机理的研究,还应用筛选出的抗生素对藻培养物进行了除菌实验. 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
14.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
16.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
20.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献