首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Carbon sequestration occurs when cultivated soils are re-vegetated. In the hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China, black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) plantation forest and grassland were the two main vegetation types used to mitigate soil and water loss after cultivation abandonment. The purpose of this study was to compare the soil carbon stock and flux of these two types of vegetation which restored for 25 years. The experiment was conducted in Yangjuangou catchment in Yan′an City, Shaanxi Province, China. Two adjacent slopes were chosen for this study. Six sample sites were spaced every 35–45 m from summit to toe slope along the hill slope, and each sample site contained three sampling plots. Soil organic carbon and related physicochemical properties in the surface soil layer(0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) were measured based on soil sampling and laboratory analysis, and the soil carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions and environmental factors were measured in the same sample sites simultaneously. Results indicated that in general, a higher soil carbon stock was found in the black locust plantation forest than that in grassland throughout the hill slope. Meanwhile, significant differences in the soil carbon stock were observed between these two vegetation types in the upper slope at soil depth 0–10 cm and lower slope at soil depth 10–20 cm. The average daily values of the soil CO2 emissions were 1.27 μmol/(m2·s) and 1.39 μmol/(m2·s) for forest and grassland, respectively. The soil carbon flux in forest covered areas was higher in spring and less variation was detected between different seasons, while the highest carbon flux was found in grassland in summer, which was about three times higher than that in autumn and spring. From the carbon sequestration point of view, black locust plantation forest on hill slopes might be better than grassland because of a higher soil carbon stock and lower carbon flux.  相似文献   

2.
Principal Component Analysis(PCA) can simplify the structure of database by replacing multi-dimensional parameters with relatively less comprehensive variables in order to ensure the minimum lost in initial data.In this paper,eighteen black soil samples from different sites were tested and thirteen distinctive indexes were chosen to evaluate the degeneration of black soil.By using principal component analysis,variables of thirteen dimensions can be diminished to six unrelated principal indexes.Analysis shows that the soluble salt content,Fulvic acids(FA) and aggregation degree have a high weighing coefficient,indicating these three indexes are the major parts for the evaluation of black soil degradation.It also provides a new path to the degenerated black soil treatment in Northeast China.  相似文献   

3.
克里格法的土壤水分遥感尺度转换   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
 尺度效应往往会制约着定量遥感反演的精度,对地学信息进行空间尺度转换是生产实践的必然要求,而常用的尺度转换模型多利用光谱数据进行差值计算,不适合升尺度和降尺度转换。由于土壤含水量数据具有区域变化量的随机性和结构性特点,本文以15m分辨率的ASTER图像像元为基本单元,采用点克里格法完成ASTER 15m至7.5m分辨率的土壤含水量数据降尺度转换,从分维数的相似程度上来看,转换结果是合理的;并利用块状克里格法对地面实测样点数据进行点到7.5m分辨率的面数据升尺度转换,将升尺度和降尺度转换结果与实测样点均值相比较,结果表明:7.5m分辨率的实测样点土壤水均值误差在1.5782-5.019之间,块状克里格法获取的升尺度土壤含水量数据与点克里格法获取的降尺度土壤含水量数据之间误差则为1.2825-5.0481,可见克里格法考虑了点与周边的关系,所获得的土壤含水量值要优于未考虑空间异质性的土壤含水量平均值。  相似文献   

4.
Soil erosion and land use type have long been viewed as being particularly important drivers of soil degradation. The objectives of this study,therefore, were to select a new soil quality index(SQI)which varies significantly with land use/soil erosion,and to evaluate the new SQI using expert opinion. In total, 18 soil physical, chemical, and biochemical properties(indicators) were measured on 56 soil samples collected from four land use/soil erosion categories(rangeland/surface erosion, rangeland/subsurface erosion, cultivated land/surface erosion and dry-farming land/surface erosion). Principal component and classification analysis(PCCA)identified five PCs that explained 77.7% of the variation in soil properties with the biochemical PC varying significantly with land use/soil erosion.General discriminant analysis(GDA) selected urease and clay as the most sensitive properties distinguishing the land use/soil erosion categories.The GDA canonical scores for the new SQI were significantly correlated with expert opinion soil surface summed scores(for soil movement, surface litter, pedestalling, rills and flow pattern) derivedusing the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management(BLM) method. A forward stepwise general regression model revealed that the new SQI values were explained by soil movement,surface litter, and the summed values of the soil surface factors. Overall, this study confirmed that soil quality in the study area in Iran is controlled by land use and corresponding soil erosion.  相似文献   

5.
This study investigated the influence factors on the seismic response and deformation modes of retaining walls using large-scale model shaking table tests. Experimental results showed that the distribution of peak seismic earth pressures along the height of a wall was a single peak value curve. The seismic earth pressures on a gravel soil retaining wall were larger than the pressures on the weathered granite and quartz retaining walls. Also, the peak seismic earth pressure increased with increases in the peak ground acceleration and the wall height. The measured seismic active earth pressures on a rock foundation retaining wall were larger than the calculated values, and the action position of resultant seismic pressure was higher than 0.33 H. In the soil foundation retaining wall, the measured seismic earth pressures were much smaller than the calculated values, while the action position was slightly higher than 0.33 H. The soil foundation retaining wall suffered base sliding and overturning under earthquake conditions, while overturning was the main failure mode for the rock foundation retaining walls.  相似文献   

6.
The structure of the ＂black soil＂ in Northeast China has been greatly deteriorated by long-term intensive conventional mouldboard plow tillage （CT） practices. In this study, micro- morphological observation and image analysis of soil thin sections were conducted to evaluate the impacts of 21 years （1986-2007） of no tillage （NT） on soil structure as compared to CT in an experiment near Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province. Soil organic matter （SOM）, wet aggregate stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity （Ks） were also analyzed. Total SOM was not significantly affected by tillage systems, but fresher SOM was observed in the surface layer under NT. The aggregates under NT showed different hierarchies in the form of crumbs, and the mean weight diameter （MWD） of NT was significant higher than that of CT in the surface layer. Platy and blocky aggregates were frequently observed in the lower layers under CT practice. The compound pore structure with intertwined intra- and inter- aggregates pores under NT was well developed in a layer from 0-5 cm to 20-25 era. While under CT system, more inter-aggregate pores and fewer intra- aggregate pores were observed, and planes and channels were frequently found in the 20-25 cm layer, where maeroporosity decreased significantly and a plow pan was evident. The Ks values of NT weresignificantly lower at o-5 cm but significantly higher at 20-95 cm compared with CT, which showed the same trend with macroporosity. These results confirmed that long-term CT practice fragmented the tillage layer soil and compacted the lower layer soil and formed a plow pan. While long-term NT practice in the black soil region favored soil aggregation and a stable porous soil structure was formed, which are important to the water infiltration and prevent soil erosion.  相似文献   

7.
Principal Component Analysis(PCA) can simplify the structure of database by replacing multi-dimensional parameters with relatively less comprehensive variables in order to ensure the minimum lost in initial data.In this paper,eighteen black soil samples from different sites were tested and thirteen distinctive indexes were chosen to evaluate the degeneration of black soil.By using principal component analysis,variables of thirteen dimensions can be diminished to six unrelated principal indexes.Analysis show...  相似文献   

8.
基于RS和GIS的松辽平原黑土流失研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
基于RS和GIS技术,利用1986年TM数据和2001年ETM数据,对松辽平原黑土分布现状与动态变化进行监测研究,分析了黑土流失特点及其时空分布规律,并引入冲沟线密度概念量化黑土流失趋势。结果表明:松辽平原典型黑土面积54 989.92 km2,沿京哈铁路线呈弧形条带状展布;1986~2001年间,黑土区水土流失面积达3 765.21 km2,减少速度为251.01 km2/a,集中在河流两岸、较大建筑用地附近和与盐碱土接壤的地区;仅考虑冲沟的有效作用域,预计到2016年黑土面积平均会有1411.0 km2/a转变为冲沟,黑土流失状况不容乐观。  相似文献   

9.
In this paper, a generalized limit equilibrium method of solving the active earth pressure problem behind a retaining wall is proposed. Differing from other limit equilibrium methods, an arbitrary slip surface shape without any assumptions of pre-defined shapes is needed in the current framework, which is verified to find the most probable failure slip surface. Based on the current computational framework, numerical comparisons with experiment, discrete element method and other methods are carried out. In addition, the influences of the inclination of the wall, the soil cohesion, the angle of the internal friction of the soil, the slope inclination of the backfill soil on the critical pressure coefficient of the soil, the point of application of the resultant earth pressure and the shape of the slip surface are also carefully investigated. The results demonstrate that limit equilibrium solution from predefined slip plane assumption, including Coulomb solution, is a special case of current computational framework. It is well illustrated that the current method is feasible to evaluate the characteristics of earth pressure problem.  相似文献   

10.
就产品数据管理PDM系统与CAD系统集成的方式与接口功能等关键技术进行了论述。分析了PDM CAD松散集成与紧密集成两种方式的基本原理 ,指出采用松散集成方式的优越性 ;采用远程进程调用 功能调用的方法 ,实现PDM与CAD间数据通信和文件交换 ,在此基础上 ,对PDM系统与CAD系统集成的接口功能———视图 模型操作功能、主图处理功能、工程图处理功能和产品结构处理的工作原理进行了详细地论述 ,使得PDM系统中的产品结构树和CAD软件装配树的数据结构达到一致。  相似文献   

11.
针对矩形顶管上竖向土压力计算模型研究较少的现状，借助Terzaghi土压力计算理论，结合矩形顶管工程特点建立了考虑注浆作用的矩形顶管竖向土压力计算模型，提出了改进的竖向土压力计算公式；依托苏州某矩形顶管工程中竖向土压力实时监测数据，探究了其变化规律并验证了该计算公式的准确性。研究结果表明:土体中的剪切带从管道外壁两侧产生并沿竖直方向发展，且可贯穿至地表；临界状态下剪切带上的膨胀角完全发挥，以临界内摩擦角及其正弦值计算剪切带上的摩擦系数；不同的注浆压力下，管道上方可能出现“主动土拱”和“被动土拱”。计算值与实测值的对比分析表明，改进后的计算方法能够较好地包络矩形顶管竖向土压力范围。   相似文献   

12.
Prefabricated vertical drains(PVDs) are commonly used to shorten the drainage path for consolidation as part of the improvement of marine soft ground. Many studies that focus on the primary consolidation settlement of PVD-improved soft ground have been conducted; however, residual settlement has been scarcely investigated. Residual settlement is the net effect of secondary compression and the remaining primary consolidation and generally occurs while the facilities are operating. In this study, residual settlement was investigated using the measured field settlement data obtained from the surface settlement plate and multilayer settlement gauges. This study determined that PVD still has some effect on residual settlement and can reduce the settlement times. Residual settlement is only related to the PVD-improved soil layer and only occurs significantly in the middle zone of that layer over a few months. The middle zone may be related to the time delay of excess pore water pressure dissipation. This study concluded that the remaining primary consolidation in the PVD-improved soil layer is the primary cause of residual settlement, whereas secondary compression in the PVD-improved soil layer is only a minor cause.  相似文献   

13.
Preconsolidation stress ( σ P') is the maximum effective stress that a soil has suffered throughout its life. From a geotechnical point of view, pre-consolidation stress has great importance because it separates elastic and reversible deformations from inelastic and only partially irreversible deformations and marks the starting point of high compressibility. In this study we calculated the preconsolidation stress for 72 undisturbed soil samples from the Yellow River Delta, using the oedometer tes...  相似文献   

14.
基于等分圆弧滑面的简化条件,采用土塑性极限分析理论,建立了土质边坡极限分析模型,并推导得到了土质边坡稳定系数计算公式。该方法考虑了圆弧滑面的内能耗散率作用和边坡土体自重荷载、地震惯性力及孔隙水压力所做的外功率作用,可以解决土质边坡稳定性分析问题,是一种改进的土质边坡稳定性评价极限分析方法。  相似文献   

15.
采用有限元方法,针对青藏高原东南缘建立更细致、更精确的三维有限元弹性模型。选取9种不同的应力边界条件,分别进行优化分析后处理,将对应台站形变模拟值与GPS实测值进行误差分析,最终选取最佳方案作为古构造应力场。结果表明,青藏高原东南缘4 Ma BP的古应力场主要起源于中国大陆周围板块的相互作用,特别是印度板块NNE向强烈碰撞作用,成为中国大陆尤其是西南部青藏高原地区构造应力场最主要的动力来源,控制各个块体相互作用的方式和运动格局。青藏高原东南缘古应力场主要包括几个力源：西北部青藏高原侧向挤压造成的WE向应力约105 MPa;西南部直接来自于印度板块的NE-WS向应力约70 MPa;南部NS向作用力33 MPa;东南部扬子块体侧向NW-SE阻挡力56 MPa;北东部受扬子块体强烈EW向阻挡力90 MPa。这些力源共同作用于青藏高原东南缘,形成现今复杂应力场。
  相似文献   

16.
1INTRODUCTIONDesertification is one of the most serious land degrada-tion, which results in the deterioration of physical, che-mical, and biological characteristics of soils (UNEP, 1992). Soil organic carbon (SOC) was considered to be a key index in evaluation of soil quality, soil degradation and soil C sequestration(SCHLENGSINGER etal., 1990; FENG etal., 2002; WANG etal., 2003). Many researchers have reported the correlations among desertification restoration, soil C s…  相似文献   

17.
准确预测未采样区域SOC密度,是研究SOC演变趋势和探索土壤固碳作用对缓解全球气候变化的基础。采用泛克里格法(Universal Kriging,UK)和土壤类型法(pedological professional knowledge-based method,PKB),分别对长兴县水稻土有机碳密度进行了预测,其中,UK直接以长兴水稻土剖面资料为源数据、PKB以长兴水稻土剖面数据和长兴1∶5万数字土壤图为源数据进行预测。根据平均绝对误差(MAE)及均方根误差(RMSE)大小,评价了两种方法在县域尺度土壤有机碳密度空间预测效果。结果表明:UK的MAE(31.2)、RMSE(52.5)均大于PKB的MAE(24.7)、RMSE(43.1),说明PKB法的预测效果较好,UK法相对较差。研究表明,对土壤类型、土壤母质,以及剖面点位置等信息的综合考虑能使PKB法更好地表达土壤属性的空间特征,也更适于县域尺度土壤有机碳密度的空间预测。  相似文献   

18.
Deepwater sediments are prone to loss circulation in drilling due to a low overburden gradient. How to predict the magnitude of leak-off pressure more accurately is an important issue in the protection of drilling safety and the reduction of drilling cost in deep water. Starting from the mechanical properties of a shallow formation and based on the basic theory of rock-soil mechanics, the stress distribution around a borehole was analyzed. It was found that the rock or soil on a borehole is in the plastic yield state before the effective tensile stress is generated, and the effective tangential and vertical stresses increase as the drilling fluid density increases; thus, tensile failure will not occur on the borehole wall. Based on the results of stress calculation, two mechanisms and leak-off pressure prediction models for shallow sediments in deepwater drilling were put forward, and the calculated values of these models were compared with the measured value of shallow leak-off pressure in actual drilling. The results show that the MHPS (minimum horizontal principle stress) model and the FIF (fracturing in formation) model can predict the lower and upper limits of leak-off pressure. The PLC (permeable lost circulation) model can comprehensively analyze the factors influencing permeable leakage and provide a theoretical basis for leak-off prevention and plugging in deepwater drilling.  相似文献   

19.
地表粗糙度的不确定性是引起SAR土壤水分反演结果不确定性的主要因素,现有研究大多着重于研究单个粗糙度参数（主要是相关长度）的不确定性,直接研究地表组合粗糙度不确定性的较少。本文使用偏度、峰度和四分位距3个指标来量化不确定性,通过在组合粗糙度中加入不同量级高斯噪声进行随机扰动的方法,研究组合粗糙度不确定性在反演过程中的传递,并对反演土壤水分的不确定性进行定量分析。进一步研究反演土壤水分的均方根误差对组合粗糙度不同比例误差范围的响应特征,得到满足反演精度要求的组合粗糙度误差控制范围。样区的实验分析结果表明：组合粗糙度高斯噪声标准差在0-0.045之间时,峰度取值从-0.1984到1.2501,偏度取值从0.0191到0.6791,四分位距取值从0.0018到0.0167,3个量化指标都随组合粗糙度高斯噪声量级的增大而增大,土壤水分反演值有集中在众数附近的趋势,土壤水分低估倾向比高估倾向更明显;本文提出的组合粗糙度误差控制范围可满足反演精度要求,误差控制范围与入射角负相关。  相似文献   

20.
The conventional method which assumes the soil distribution is continuous was unsuitable for estimating soil organic carbon density(SOCD) in Karst areas because of its discontinuous soil distribution. The accurate estimation of SOCD in Karst areas is essential for carbon sequestration assessment in China. In this study, a modified method,which considers the vertical proportion of soil area in the profile when calculating the SOCD, was developed to estimate the SOCD in a typical Karst peak-cluster depression area in southwest China. In the modified method, ground-penetrating radar(GPR) technology was used to detect the distribution and thickness of soil. The accuracy of the method was confirmed through comparison with the data obtained using a validation method, in which the soil thickness was measured by excavation. In comparison with the conventional method and average-soil-depth method,the SOCD estimated using the GPR method showed the minimum relative error with respect to that obtained using the validation method. At a regional scale, the average SOCDs at depths of 0-20 cm and 0-100 cm, which were interpolated by ordinary kriging,were 1.49(ranging from 0.03-5.65) and 2.26(0.09-11.60) kgm-2based on GPR method in our study area(covering 393.6 hm2), respectively. Therefore, the modified method can be applied on the accurate estimation of SOCD in discontinuous soil areas such as Karst regions.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号