共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
We continue the work that was initiated in (K. H. Karlsen, K.-A. Lie, and N. H. Risebro. A fast marching method for reservoir
simulation. Comp. Geo., 4(2) (2000)185–206) on a marching method for simulating two-phase incompressible immiscible flow of water and oil in a porous
medium. We first present an alternative derivation of the marching method that reveals a strong connection to modern streamline
methods. Then, through the study of three numerical test cases we present two deficiencies: (i) the original marching algorithm
does not always compute the correct solution of the underlying difference equations, and (ii) the method gives largely inaccurate
arrival times in the presence of large jumps within the upwind difference stencil. As a remedy of the first problem, we present
a new advancing-front method, which is faster than the original marching method and guarantees a correct solution of the underlying
discrete linear system. To cure the second problem, we present two adaptive strategies that avoid the use of finite-difference
stencils containing large jumps in the arrival times. The original marching method was introduced as a fast tool for simulating
two-phase flow scenarios in heterogeneous formations. The new advancing-front method has limited applicability in this respect,
but may rather be used as a fast and relatively accurate method for computing arrival times and derived quantities in heterogeneous
media. 相似文献
2.
A Numerical Framework for Modeling Folds in Structural Geology 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A numerical framework for modeling folds in structural geology is presented. This framework is based on a novel and recently published Hamilton–Jacobi formulation by which a continuum of layer boundaries of a fold is modeled as a propagating front. All the fold classes from the classical literature (parallel folds, similar folds, and other fold types with convergent and divergent dip isogons) are modeled in two and three dimensions as continua defined on a finite difference grid. The propagating front describing the fold geometry is governed by a static Hamilton–Jacobi equation, which is discretized by upwind finite differences and a dynamic stencil construction. This forms the basis of numerical solution by finite difference solvers such as fast marching and fast sweeping methods. A new robust and accurate scheme for initialization of finite difference solvers for the static Hamilton–Jacobi equation is also derived. The framework has been integrated in simulation software, and a numerical example is presented based on seismic data collected from the Karama Block in the North Makassar Strait outside Sulawesi. 相似文献
3.
地震波全波形反演是当今地质构造反演的潮流。在层析成像等为其提供初始模型的预处理中,地震波初至走时是一个非常重要的物理量。因而,高效高精度且稳定的走时计算方法对于各向异性建模具有重要的研究意义。为实现高效高精度且稳定的走时计算,首先利用扰动理论及泰勒公式将具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性（VTI）介质程函方程展开,得到走时解;然后引入各向同性快速推进法（fast marching method,FMM）,运用改进后的迎风差分格式求取差分格式黏滞解获取单点走时。结合窄带推进技术,得到了一种新的基于快速匹配法的VTI介质走时计算方法。通过对均匀弱各向异性模型计算结果和解析值的对比,评估了其误差,相对误差稳定于0.5%以下。针对该方法的有效性和稳定性,对层状介质模型和盐丘模型反射波走时进行了试算,取得了较好的效果。理论分析和模型试算表明,该方法对VTI介质走时计算具有较高的精度,能够应用于各向异性层析成像和全波场偏移等研究中。 相似文献
4.
为了实现适应崎岖海底、大陡坡、海底火山等复杂海底地质条件且灵活、稳定、精度高的射线追踪方法,并基于该方法详细分析复杂海底条件下各种地震波型的运动学特征,综合多种算法的优势,实现了一种快速推进迎风插值射线追踪方法。首先,采用混合网格法剖分复杂海底地质模型;其次,通过融入迎风差分思想的线性插值策略来构建精度高、无条件稳定且灵活的局部走时和射线路径计算公式;然后,综合应用这些公式和多级次快速推进法,灵活计算整个模型各种类型地震波的走时,并基于逆向追踪方法计算射线路径;最后,对该方法进行了精度分析,发现其能够获得相对高的走时和射线路径计算精度,且反射波的计算精度远高于入射波。此外,计算实例分析显示,初至波中富含折射波和陡倾构造的反射波在很大偏移距还能被接收,崎岖海底各种波型传播路径复杂;基于此提出加大采集排列长度和采用直达波走时可提高复杂构造成像质量等复杂海底地震数据采集与处理方面的思考与建议。 相似文献
5.
A fast marching method for reservoir simulation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We present a fast marching level set method for reservoir simulation based on a fractional flow formulation of two-phase,
incompressible, immiscible flow in two or three space dimensions. The method uses a fast marching approach and is therefore
considerably faster than conventional finite difference methods. The fast marching approach compares favorably with a front
tracking method as regards both efficiency and accuracy. In addition, it maintains the advantage of being able to handle changing
topologies of the front structure.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Ivar Aavatsmark 《Computational Geosciences》2007,11(3):199-206
Control-volume formulations for elliptic equations often use two-point flux stencils, even for skew grids. Any two-point flux
stencil may be interpreted as a multipoint flux stencil. This yields a definition of the permeability (or conductivity) tensor.
Formulas for calculating the permeability tensor, based on the user-specified quantities in the two-point flux stencil, are
given. Numerical test examples demonstrate the validity of the derivation.
相似文献
7.
基于有限体积方法和结构化网格,建立了海底滑坡引起的波浪传播数值模型。模型控制方程为考虑了海床随时间变化的二维浅水方程。采用中心迎风格式计算控制体界面数值通量,采用线性重构技术、局部海床高程处理技术和全隐式离散底摩阻项,保证了格式的和谐性、守恒性和水深非负性,有效处理了海岸动边界问题。时间积分采用具有强稳定性质的二阶龙格-库塔方法（ssp RK）。针对滑坡体兴波经典算例开展数值模拟,将计算结果与解析解、实验结果及其他模型计算结果进行比较和分析。结果表明,对于所考虑的计算工况,模型能较合理地模拟滑坡兴波的产生、传播和爬高过程。 相似文献
8.
9.
M. Schneider B. Flemisch R. Helmig K. Terekhov H. Tchelepi 《Computational Geosciences》2018,22(2):565-586
This article presents a new positivity-preserving finite-volume scheme with a nonlinear two-point flux approximation, which uses optimization techniques for the face stencil calculation. The gradient is reconstructed using harmonic averaging points with the constraint that the sum of the coefficients included in the face stencils must be positive. We compare the proposed scheme to a nonlinear two-point scheme available in literature and a few linear schemes. Using two test cases, taken from the FVCA6 benchmarks, the accuracy of the scheme is investigated. Furthermore, it is shown that the scheme is linearity-preserving on highly complex corner-point grids. Moreover, a two-phase flow problem on the Norne formation, a geological formation in the Norwegian Sea, is simulated. It is demonstrated that the proposed scheme is consistent in contrast to the linear Two-Point Flux Approximation scheme, which is industry standard for simulating subsurface flow on corner-point grids. 相似文献
10.
TST技术在岩溶地区隧道超前预报中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
顶效隧道位于岩溶发育地区,地质构造复杂,岩体破碎,对超前预报技术的要求高,风险较大。目前国内外应用的隧道超前预报技术多数都存在着技术缺陷,不能区分不同方向的地震回波,不能准确地确定掌子面前方围岩的波速,不能正确地进行纵横波分离等问题,影响到预报的可靠性和准确性。为了确保施工安全,减少和避免地质灾害发生,顶效隧道超前预报中采用了TST技术。应用结果表明,TST技术采用空间阵列系统和速度扫描技术有效地解决了掌子面前方围岩速度分布问题,提高了构造定位精度;应用二维方向滤波技术有效地消除了上下、左右的侧向回波和面波干扰,成功提取了前方回波用于超前预报,避免了虚报误报,解决了复杂地质条件下的超前预报问题。 相似文献
11.
This paper presents a finite-volume method for hexahedral multiblock grids to calculate multiphase flow in geologically complex reservoirs. Accommodating complex geologic and geometric features in a reservoir model (e.g., faults) entails non-orthogonal and/or unstructured grids in place of conventional (globally structured) Cartesian grids. To obtain flexibility in gridding as well as efficient flow computation, we use hexahedral multiblock grids. These grids are locally structured, but globally unstructured. One major advantage of these grids over fully unstructured tetrahedral grids is that most numerical methods developed for structured grids can be directly used for dealing with the local problems. We present several challenging examples, generated via a commercially available tool, that demonstrate the capabilities of hexahedral multiblock gridding. Grid quality is discussed in terms of uniformity and orthogonality. The presence of non-orthogonal grid and full permeability tensors requires the use of multi-point discretization methods. A flux-continuous finite-difference (FCFD) scheme, previously developed for stratigraphic hexahedral grid with full-tensor permeability, is employed for numerical flow computation. We extend the FCFD scheme to handle exceptional configurations (i.e. three- or five-cell connections as opposed to the regular four), which result from employing multiblock gridding of certain complex objects. In order to perform flow simulation efficiently, we employ a two-level preconditioner for solving the linear equations that results from the wide stencil of the FCFD scheme. The individual block, composed of cells that form a structured grid, serves as the local level; the higher level operates on the global block configuration (i.e. unstructured component). The implementation uses an efficient data structure where each block is wrapped with a layer of neighboring cells. We also examine splitting techniques [14] for the linear systems associated with the wide stencils of our FCFD operator. We present three numerical examples that demonstrate the method: (1) a pinchout, (2) a faulted reservoir model with internal surfaces and (3) a real reservoir model with multiple faults and internal surfaces. 相似文献
12.
二维矢量地震波场的叠前逆时深度偏移 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
从矢量波动理论出发，导出了二维弹性波逆时传播的高阶差分格式，实现了弹性波在数值空间中的逆时延拓，采用逆时格式差分求解程函方程，得到网格空间中各点的直达波旅行时，以此作为弹性波逆时偏移的成像条件。实现了二维多波多波多分量资料的叠前逆时深度偏移，数值试验得到了满意结果。 相似文献
13.
基于P-SV波分离的VTI介质射线追踪方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近年来,VTI介质参数建模和成像技术发展迅速,其中VTI介质射线追踪是基础,其精度和稳定性直接影响建模和成像的效果。VTI介质射线追踪大多通过前人提出的频散关系推导出程函方程和射线方程,该方法主要基于纵横波相互独立的假设,采用令横波速度等于零的手段,在某些特殊情况下精度较低、稳定性较差。针对其缺点提出一种新的射线追踪方法,该方法基于P-SV波分离得到的q P波频散关系,从而推导出程函方程和射线方程,提高了精度和稳定性。最后通过模型试算验证该方法的正确性和稳定性。 相似文献
14.
The availability of multiple history matched models is essential for proper handling of uncertainty in determining the optimal development of producing hydrocarbon fields. The ensemble Kalman Filter in particular is becoming recognized as an efficient method for quantitative conditioning of multiple models to history data. It is known, however, that the ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) may have problems with finding solutions in history matching cases that are highly nonlinear and involve very large numbers of data, such is typical when time-lapse seismic surveys are available. Recently, a parameterization of seismic anomalies due to saturation effects was proposed in terms of arrival times of fronts that reduces both nonlinearity and the effective number of data. A disadvantage of the parameterization in terms of arrival times is that it requires simulation of models beyond the update time. An alternative distance parameterization is proposed here for flood fronts, or more generally, for isolines of arbitrary seismic attributes representing a front that removes the need for additional simulation time. An accurate fast marching method for solution of the Eikonal equation in Cartesian grids is used to calculate distances between observed and simulated fronts, which are used as innovations in the EnKF. Experiments are presented that demonstrate the functioning of the method in synthetic 2D and realistic 3D cases. Results are compared with those resulting from use of saturation data, as they could potentially be inverted from seismic data, with and without localization. The proposed algorithm significantly reduces the number of data while still capturing the essential information. It furthermore removes the need for seismic inversion when the oil-water front is only identified, and it produces a more favorable distribution of simulated data, leading to a very efficient and improved functioning of the EnKF. 相似文献
15.
A high‐resolution local RBF collocation method for steady‐state poroelasticity and hydromechanical damage analysis 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this work, we describe a meshless numerical method based on local collocation with RBFs for the solution of the poroelasticity equation. The RBF finite collocation approach forms a series of overlapping nodal stencils, over which an RBF collocation is performed. These local collocation systems enforce the governing PDE operator throughout their interior, with the intersystem communication occurring via the collocation of field variables at the stencil periphery. The method does not rely on a generalised finite differencing approach, whereby the governing partial differential operator is reconstructed at the global level to drive the solution of the PDE. Instead, the PDE governing and boundary operators are enforced directly within the local RBF collocation systems, and the sparse global assembly is formed by reconstructing the value of the field variables at the centrepoint of the local stencils. In this way, the solution of the PDE is driven entirely by the local RBF collocation, and the method more closely resembles the approach of the full‐domain RBF collocation method. By formulating the problem in this fashion, high rates of convergence may be attained without the computational cost and numerical ill‐conditioning issues that are associated with the full‐domain RBF collocation approach. An analytical solution is formulated for a 2D poroelastic fluid injection scenario and is used to verify the proposed implementation of the method. Highly accurate solutions are produced, and convergence rates in excess of sixth order are observed for each field variable (i.e. pressure and displacement) and field‐variable derivative (i.e. pressure gradients and stresses). The stress and displacement fields resulting from the solution of the poroelasticity equation are then used to describe the formation and propagation of microfractures and microfissures, which may form in the presence of large shear strain, in terms of a continuous damage variable which modifies the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the porous medium. The formation of such hydromechanical damage, and the resulting increase in hydraulic conductivity, is investigated for a pressurised injection into sandstone. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
反射槽波可用于单条巷道内探测巷道两侧和掘进前方一定区域内的断层等异常地质构造。目前该项技术已在我国多数矿井开展过探测试验和工程应用,对采掘危险区治理、工作面布置和采掘方案设计等生产环节起到了重要的指导作用。阐述了反射槽波的处理方法和原理,比较了面对巷道的侧帮和掘进前方2种不同探测区域时,反射槽波数据和处理方法的异同之处,着重对反射槽波的叠加成像、偏移成像以及掘进工作面超前成像3类成像方法的技术原理、适用条件和研究进展进行了梳理和分析,总结了反射槽波在巷道侧帮与掘进前方断层、采空区以及陷落柱探测方面的典型案例。在此基础上提出进一步提高探测能力的改进方向：研究适用于槽波频散性的反褶积方法,有效压缩反射槽波并依据频散速度准确偏移归位,提高成像分辨率;通过极化处理求出槽波的偏振方向,从而减少“画弧”现象;借鉴束偏移技术,选取特定方向的槽波参与成像,提高成像信噪比;研究影响反射槽波信号强弱的地质条件和采集条件,在不增加震源能量的条件下有效增强反射槽波;研制新型震源,提高反射槽波探测应用的安全性和适用性。对反射槽波未来的应用方向进行展望,以期促进反射槽波探测技术发展,为煤矿安全高效开采提供保障。 相似文献
17.
将一种快速数值模拟方法用于激电法正演模拟中,利用在低电阻率差情况下,积分方程法模拟时阻抗矩阵的非对角线项可忽略,而只需计算矩阵主对角值这一关键点。这里详细阐明了三维地电断面激电法快速模拟方法,推导了求解过程,并以此为基础编制了计算程序。实例试算结果说明,该模拟方法在计算速度、计算精度上都收到了较满意的结果。 相似文献
18.
The propagation of a fast magnetoacoustic shock wave the magnetosphere of a solar active region is considered the nonlinear geometrical acoustics approximation. The magnetic field is modeled as a subphotospheric magnetic dipole embedded in the radial field of the quiet corona. The initial parameters of the wave are specified at a spherical surface in the depths of the active region. The wave propagates asymmetrically and is reflected from regions of the strong magnetic field, which results in the radiation of the wave energy predominantly upwards. Substantial gradients in the Alfvén speed facilitate appreciable growth in the wave intensity. Non-linear damping of the wave and divergence of the wave front lead to the opposite effect. Analysis of the joint action of these factors shows that a fast magnetoacoustic perturbation outgoing from an active region can correspond to a shock wave of moderate intensity. This supports the scenario in which the primary source of the coronal wave is an eruptive filament that impulsively expands in the magnetosphere of an active region. 相似文献
19.
The emergence of large-scale arrays of seismometers across several continents presents the opportunity to image the Earth's structure at unprecedented resolution, but methods must be developed to exploit the capabilities of these deployments. The capabilities and limitations of a method called “eikonal tomography” applied to ambient noise data are discussed here. In this method, surface wave wavefronts are tracked across an array and the gradient of the travel time field produces estimates of phase slowness and propagation direction. Application data from more than 1000 stations from EarthScope USArray in the central and western US and new Rayleigh wave isotropic and anisotropic phase velocity maps are presented together with an isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic 3D Vs model of the crust and uppermost mantle. As a ray theoretic method, eikonal tomography models bent rays but not other wavefield complexities. We present evidence, based on the systematics of an observed 1ψ component of anisotropy that we interpret as anisotropic bias caused by backscattering near an observing station, that finite frequency phenomena can be ignored in ambient noise tomography at periods shorter than ～ 40 to 50 s. At longer periods a higher order term based on wavefront amplitudes or finite frequency sensitivity kernels must be introduced if the amplitude of isotropic anomalies and the amplitude and fast-axis direction of azimuthal anisotropy are to be determined accurately. 相似文献
20.
基于结构网格,采用有限体积法建立了二维水动力学模型,模拟溃坝洪水在复杂实际地形条件下的流动过程。该模型采用中心迎风格式求解界面通量,并结合对界面变量的线性重构,使其具有空间上的二阶精度。分别采用中心差分方法和半隐式方法对底床坡度项和摩擦阻力项进行离散,保证了模型的和谐性和稳定性。对于复杂地形条件下溃坝洪水的模拟,负水深的产生是影响模型稳定的关键因素。当库朗特数小于0.25时,模型能够保证任何时刻的计算水深都是非负的,而无需对负水深单元进行特殊处理。因此,相比于现有的大部分溃坝洪水模型,该模型具有更强的鲁棒性和稳定性。 相似文献