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1.
《地下水》2017,(4)
都兰县地处柴达木盆地,为高原大陆性气候,以干旱为主要特点,自然景观为干旱荒漠,主要土类为盐化荒漠土和石膏荒漠土。随着矿产资源与农业经济的飞速发展,对水资源的需求愈发突出,为此开展柴达木盆地水文地质调查工作,其中地球物理勘探的目的是探查富水区及流域剖面上第四系含水层的水文地质结构和空间变化特征。主要确定第四系含水介质的岩性、厚度、埋藏深度及基底形态。电阻率测深法是地下水勘探中重要的技术手段,本文介绍了其中的对称四极测深法在柴达木盆地地下水调查中的应用,在山前地下水埋深较浅地区,通过向地下供电,建立人工电场,测量电场地下介质的分布。所取得野外实测数据是地下地质构造体分布及电性特征的综合反映,消除或压制这些干扰因素的影响,最大程度得到反映地电断面真实信息的信号。在定性分析的基础上进行定量反演计算剖面电性结构特征,划分含水层,确定基岩面,最后取得了良好的应用效果。 相似文献
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电探法在苏联已广泛地应用于水文地质与工程地质工作中,在我国这还是一门年青的科学。到目前为止,利用电探法已有可能解决如下水文地质问题:①确定含水层的厚度,埋藏位置以及分布情况;②确定地下水面埋藏深度;③阐明与水文地质条件有关的区域地质构造情况;④确定地下水的流速流向;⑤测定在抽水试验过程中或矿井疏干时地下水的影响半 相似文献
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由于气候的变化和人为因素的干扰，石家庄市成为我国北方严重缺水的城市之一。本次勘察通过应用对电法、地震勘探法在水源地供水水文地质勘察中的应用分析，确定了含水层的分布范围、厚度、深度和冲洪积扇的位置，为钻探及勘察工作提供了可靠的依据。 相似文献
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根据原平市的地貌、岩性和含水层的出露条件划分水文地质类型区对于改善地下水资源,使水文地质过程向有利于人类的方向发展有积极的作用.进一步分层、分小分区划分地下水的补给、径流、排泄区的含水层介质类型,从而完整水文地质单元的立体模型,为形成完整单元的"三水"转化模型奠定良好的基础,对原平市地下水资源的可持续利用,国民经济的发展有着深远的意义. 相似文献
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利用岩性、含水介质特征及地下水赋存形式等划分其矿区含水层,从地形、地貌、地层、构造等几个方面对矿区水文地质特征进行了论述,预测矿坑涌水量,指出广西福安银铅钨矿区是以裂隙水为主、碎屑岩基岩裂隙水含水层直接充水、水文地质条件较复杂的矿床。 相似文献
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基建井巷分层涌水量的准确预测是目前存在的难点。在地质和水文地质条件玎类似的淮南潘谢矿区内，充分利用为数较多，分布面广的建井涌水实际资料，通过相关分析，发现井巷涌水量大小与含水层的埋藏深度、地质构造、含水层岩性柘者密切相关；同时使用了数学地质中的回归分析方法及涌水量的曲线方程法，计算出不同岩性砂岩含水层随埋深变化的涌水量回归方程和涌水曲线方程。 相似文献
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为了对水文地质调查提供多方法、多深度和多参数解释,提高航空电磁法在水文地质调查中的应用效果,以河北曹碑店地区、定陵—北京十三陵水库地区、黑龙江宝清地区、澳大利亚桥维拉地区、山东黄河口地区的航空电磁资料为基础,建立了利用航空电磁法研究海侵程度、水质填图、寻找浅层淡水的定性和定量解释方法。结果表明: 航空电磁法可以快速高效地研究不同深度的地下水及海侵程度空间分布特征,快速计算地下水矿化度,尤其可为大范围水文地质调查提供多层次的海侵底界面和水平界线、含水层和隔水层分布及水质分布信息,在多个研究区取得了较好的水文地质勘查效果。 相似文献
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地下水流系统理论和数值模拟技术分别是水文地质学的基本理论和技术方法,含水岩组的概化是地下水流系统分析和地下水数值模拟的重要基础,直接影响着数值模拟和水流系统分析的精度和可信度.为提高含水岩组概化的精度和可信度,提出一种含水岩组概化的新方法,即累积导水系数法.依据岩层厚度与渗透系数乘积累积值随深度的变化,以及水文地质剖面岩性分布的整体特征,概化含水介质结构.以玛纳斯河流域为例,应用该方法概化流域内的岩性剖面,结合GMS软件中TINS模块构建水文地质结构模型.结果表明,应用该方法概化后的含水层结构具有较好的合理性和仿真性,建立的三维模型很好地显示了研究区含水介质的空间展布特征,为建立地下水流模型奠定了良好的基础. 相似文献
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含水介质的空间分布及其非均质性对地下水流和溶质运移有着重要的影响。以淮南顾桥矿区作为研究对象,为了刻画矿区松散层含水介质的空间分布,使用转移概率地质统计方法建立含水介质的随机模型,对矿区水文地质结构的空间连续性和空间变异性进行表征;并将随机模拟得到的顾桥矿区含水介质剖面图与矿区原始水文地质剖面进行对比。结果表明,基于转移概率地质统计模拟方法可以比较准确地刻画矿区的水文地质结构;模拟剖面与原始水文地质剖面的比较显示模拟结果与实际含水介质空间分布情况有较好的一致性,转移概率地质统计方法在对含水介质非均质性刻画中具有较好的适用性。 相似文献
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五沟煤矿太原组上段灰岩岩溶裂隙水是矿井主采煤层（10煤）的主要充水含水层。通过对矿区水文地质边界条件、地面抽水试验和井下放水试验的分析,认为矿区水文地质边界受制于周边的较大型隔阻水断层,从而形成了较封闭的地下水系统;太原组上段灰岩含水层的富水性在平面上具有不均一性,在垂向具有随着深度的增加,岩溶发育有减弱的趋势,基本上属弱富水含水层,仅在局部构造发育带为中等富水含水层。利用利用surfer软件,绘制出矿区太原组灰岩水位等值线图;从图上可以看出,矿区目前太原组含水层水位标高总体呈北高南低,中间高两边低的态势,并在井田西南部形成以水5孔及J5-1孔为中心的低水位区。该研究对目前矿井防治水工作具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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Patsakron Assiri 《地下水科学与工程》2013,1(3):95-98
Phu tok Aquifer is the most productive water bearing rock in the Northeastern region of Thailand. Generally, well drilled in this aquifer yields approximately 20–50 m3/hr with some wells yield over 150 m3/hr. This aquifer characterized both unconfined and confined aquifer. Data collected from core sampling and TV bore hole show water bearing fractures in the fine grained massive sandstone intercalated with thin shale layers. These intermittently bedding plane fracture zones were found vertically at 60-65 and 95-110 m below ground surface. Three directions of vertically fractures were also found at 103-104 m in the test well with underlain densely sandstone until 120 m of depth. Wells drilled to 60-70 m fractures at the area where surface elevation between 150 and 170 m above mean sea level were artesian well with rising water about 1-3 m. Natural discharge rate from 2-5 inches of diameter casing is 5-10 m3/hr. Fractures at 90-110 m yield 150 m3/hr through 6 inch casing well with 5-6 m of risen water above the ground. It is found from pumping test of Phu Tok Aquifer that hydraulic conductivity of unconfined aquifer at shallower than 50 m is 0.005-17 m/d. Transmissivity and storage coefficient are 0.05-20 m2/d and 7×10-3-0.725 respectively. The confined aquifer at depth not exceed 90 m has hydraulic conductivity value of 0.2-10 m/d while transmissivity and storage coefficient are 3.19-150 m2/d and 1×10-10-1.6×10-2. Another confined aquifer at 90-120 m of depth have hydraulic conductivity value of 0.08-15 m/d and transmissivity and storage coefficient values of 1.7-178 m2/d and 4×10-7-4.5×10-3 respectively. 相似文献
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中国西部大型干旱盆地盐湖中,承压卤水含水层因其中所赋存的固--液相钾矿资源储量大而成为主要含矿层。采用地面核磁共振与水文地质钻探相结合的技术方法对柴达木盆地某盐湖进行的承压卤水可采性试验,获取了含水层的相关物理参数,并将其解译为相关的水文地质参数。通过水文地质综合判断,确定了含水率 5. 4% 的富水地段。水文地质钻探验证获取了稳定丰富的涌水量,并使之成为采卤量 1. 5 ×104m3/d、KCl 含量 1. 67% 的工业性开采水源地。结果表明,核磁共振与水文地质钻探联合技术是确定盐湖晶间卤水层富水性的可靠右有效的方法。 相似文献
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贵州镇宁地区地下水中硫酸盐超标是典型的环境地质问题之一,而该区地下水中硫酸盐超标主要来自于三叠系中统关岭组(T2g)含水岩组。采集水样分析发现该含水岩组中地下水的硫酸盐含量达到了275.42~1 100 mg?L-1,为Ⅳ-Ⅴ类水。运用地下水中硫同位素追踪,其硫酸盐主要来源于石膏溶解,并通过实施“探采结合井”（ZK3）,初步查明 “膏岩层”分布于三叠系中统关岭组一段下亚段(T2g1a)的中下部,厚度在1～1.5 m。而分层抽水试验显示:T2g含水岩组试段水质为Ⅴ类,降深在11.50 m时涌水量为256.61 m3?d-1;当揭穿T2g膏岩层含水层并进行封隔止水后,钻孔自流量为330.05 m3?d-1,降深在10.80 m时钻孔涌水量达628.84 m3?d-1,水质属Ⅲ类水。因此,在类似因水质超标而引起的功能性缺水地区,可越过膏岩层而获取深层安全的可饮用的地下水。 相似文献
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Geoelectrical survey over perched aquifers in the northern part of Upper Sakarya River Basin,Türkiye 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this study, a groundwater exploration survey was conducted using the DC Resistivity (DCR) method in a hydrogeological setting containing a perched aquifer. DCR data were gathered and an electrical tomography section was recovered using conventional four-electrode instruments with a Schlumberger array and a two-dimensional (2D) inversion scheme. The proposed scheme was tested over a synthetic three-dimensional (3D) subsurface model before deploying it in a field situation. The proposed method indicated that gathering data with simple four-electrode instruments at stations along a line and 2D inversion of datasets at multiple stations can recover depth intervals of the studied aquifer in the hydrogeological setting even if it has a 3D structure. In this study, 2D inversion of parallel profiles formed a pseudo-3D volume of the subsurface resistivity structures and mapped out multiple resistive (>25 ohm·m) bodies at shallow (between 50–100 m) and deep sections (>150 m). In general, the proposed method is convenient to encounter geological units that have limited vertical and spatial extensions in any direction and presents resistivity contrast from groundwater-bearing geologic materials. 相似文献
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The mining depth of main coal mines could reach around 600 m in eastern North China, and extends to the dept with speed of around 12 m/a. As the basement of eastern North China-type coal mine, the Ordovician karst aquifer is the main water source that influences the carboniferous coal seam mining. As the deep karst water has large buried depth and high water pressure (8–12 MPa), with10–30 m space between high pressure aquifer and coal seam, the geological area of deep coal occurrence is often forbidden for mining. Environmental damage, to a greater or lesser degree, is caused by coal mining. On the basis of analyzing the hydrogeological conditions of mining areas, this paper introduces the hydrogeological survey work of ultra-high confined karst water deep in the coal seam floor within researched region for preventing and controlling water disaster of the mine. After researching into the hydrogeological investigation data in the researched region, we explored the hydrodynamic and water chemical characteristics of deep karst water by using pumping test, dynamic observation, and dewatering test. Finally, this study suggests that the hydraulic pressure of deep mining could be mined, on the circumstances that reasonable and effective of water prevention measures are taken based on a detailed survey on water abundance of deep karst. 相似文献
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Giorgio Pilla Elisa Sacchi Gianmaria Zuppi Giovanni Braga Gianfranco Ciancetti 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(5):795-808
A multicriteria approach in studying hydrodynamics of a multilayer aquifer system has been used in the Lomellina region (Northern Italy). It involves the reconstruction of the hydrogeological framework coupled to the definition of the hydrochemical and isotopic features of the aquifers. A shallow phreatic aquifer, reaching depths of about 60–80 m from the surface, and deeper aquifers containing confined groundwater, were distinguished. Groundwater generally shows mineralisation decreasing with depth; dissolved ions depict calcium-bicarbonate hydrochemical facies and stable isotopes define the recharge mechanisms, the origin of groundwater, and the hydraulic confinement of deep aquifers. The phreatic aquifer is fed by local infiltration and by streams and irrigation channels. Tritium and Carbon-14 groundwater dating indicate long residence times (on the order of thousands of years) for confined aquifers. The confined aquifers show essentially passive hydrodynamic conditions and maintain a higher piezometric level than the phreatic aquifer. This inhibits the possibility of recent water penetrating far below the surface. The hydrogeological setting of the Lomellina region displays features which are common to other sectors of the Po plain. As a consequence, the results of this study, although conducted on a restricted area, are highly illustrative of groundwater hydrodynamics in large sedimentary aquifers. 相似文献
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The western sector of the Tagliamento River basin (Friuli Venezia-Giulia Region; northern Italy) is characterized by important water resources, both superficial and underground. In particular, in the Quaternary deposits of the plain, up to a depth of 500 m, six artesian aquifer systems exist. A large amount of lithological, geomorphological, and hydrogeological data is presented, allowing for definition of (a) the principal aquifer system of the area to a depth of about 500 m; (b) geometrical characteristics of the aquifers (thickness, lateral extension, etc); (c) the hydraulic parameters (hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity); (d) chemico-physical characteristics of the water; and (e) vulnerability to pollution of the aquifer systems. In a test area, where many boreholes were drilled for fresh water supply, the conceptual hydrogeological model was integrated by a detailed and repeated three-dimensional (3D) resistivity survey using combined electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings. ERT investigation was mainly used to get detailed information about geometry and porosity of the overburden and to calibrate the shallowest TDEM information. 相似文献