共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
James C. Hower John K. Hiett Garry D. Wild Cortland F. Eble 《Natural Resources Research》1994,3(3):216-236
The Eastern Kentucky coal field, along with adjacent portions of Virginia and southern West Virginia, is part of the greatest production concentration of high-heating-value, low-sulfur coal in the United States, accounting for over 27% of the 1993 U.S. production of coal of all ranks. Eastern Kentucky's production is spread among many coal beds but is particularly concentrated in a limited number of highquality coals, notably the Pond Creek coal bed and its correlatives, and the Fire Clay coal bed and its correlatives. Both coals are relatively low ash and low sulfur through the areas of the heaviest concentration of mining activity. We discuss production trends, resources, and the quality of in-place and clean coal for those and other major coals in the region. 相似文献
2.
GEOFFREY L. BUCKLEY 《Geographical review》1998,88(2):175-198
ABSTRACT. The physical environment of the George's Creek Valley in western Maryland was altered dramatically during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as coal mining and associated activities expanded and intensified. Although mineral extraction was the chief agent of change, forest and water resources were also affected by other industrial and commercial activities, as well as by the region's growing population. Examining the environmental alteration that took place in the valley, this work also considers attitudes and motivations that contributed to the transformation. 相似文献
3.
煤炭富集区开发模式解析——以锡林郭勒盟为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来我国煤炭资源富集区的开发力度空前加大,目前已经初步形成了煤炭—火电—煤化工一体化开发的态势。然而,煤炭资源富集区大多生态脆弱、水资源短缺,这一开发模式与区域主导生态功能存在尖锐冲突。重点剖析了内蒙古锡林郭勒盟煤、电、煤化工发展中存在的问题,认为突出表现在以下几个方面,即现有开发模式的可持续性较差、生态和景观破坏严重、水资源供需矛盾突出、生态建设具有盲目性。要实现资源开发与生态保护的协调发展,就必须调整区域开发模式,控制资源开发范围,加大生态建设投入,并探索适用的生态建设模式。从长远来看,要实现煤炭资源富集区的可持续发展,应通过国土规划明确区域功能定位,建立规范的生态补偿机制,编制综合性区域开发规划,并加强矿区生态恢复技术研究。 相似文献
4.
采煤沉陷湖由采煤地表沉陷经常年积水而形成,把采煤沉陷湖改造为人工湿地是近年来中国尝试的一种生态修复途径。由于采煤沉陷湖人工湿地对区域微观环境改良作用明显,从而对周边土地价格产生溢出效应。以平原高潜水位地区采煤沉陷湖人工湿地——九里湖湿地为研究案例,以商业和住宅用地为研究对象,分别采集九里湖湿地生态修复前后相同评估基准日的区域地价样点数据,通过Kriging空间插值生成价格曲面,以地统计和GIS栅格计算的方法测度了九里湖湿地对周边土地价格的溢出效应。研究表明,越接近九里湖湿地,土地价格涨幅越高,且明显高于九里湖湿地所在区域土地价格的平均涨幅,显示出九里湖湿地对周边土地价格产生了明显的溢出效应。经进一步测算得出,九里湖湿地对周边商业、住宅用地价格的溢出效应影响范围分别为21.07 km2和20.76 km2,影响强度分别为135.76元/m2、182.39元/m2。把溢出效应影响范围和城市规划用地进行套合,通过栅格计算得出,研究期间九里湖湿地对周边商业、住宅用地价格的溢出效应价值分别为20 225.64万元、20 507.09万元,其溢出效应的价值总量（ΔSE）为40 732.73万元。 相似文献
5.
Zhang Zhengguang Qin Yong You Zhenjiang Yang Zhaobiao 《Natural Resources Research》2021,30(5):3659-3671
In situ stress is not only a vital indicator for selecting explorative regions of coalbed methane (CBM), but also a pivotal factor affecting CBM production. The present study explored whether in situ stress affected the development potential of CBM in western Guizhou, China. To this end, we collected injection/falloff well test data and gas content data from 70 coal seams in 28 wells. The study found that from top to bottom, strike slip fault stress fields (<?500 m), normal fault stress fields (500–1000 m) and strike slip fault stress fields (>?1000 m) were successively developed in western Guizhou. The distribution features of vertical permeability in western Guizhou are consistent with the stress fields' transformation location. The coal permeability in the western part in Guizhou presents a tendency of increase followed by decrease as a result of increased burial depth. The vertical development characteristics of coal seam gas content are controlled mainly by reservoir pressure, and the relationship between reservoir pressure and buried depth shows a linear increase. The CBM in western Guizhou is divided vertically into three development potential regions dependent on the characteristics of burial depth, permeability and gas content of coal seams. The most favorable vertical development potential region in western Guizhou is 500–1000 m. This region exhibits high gas content, high permeability and moderate burial depth, which are favorable for the production of CBM. These research results can provide basis for geological selection and engineering implementation of CBM in western Guizhou.
相似文献6.
Don W. Duckson 《The Professional geographer》1981,33(4):445-449
A case study from Allegany County, Maryland illustrates that, in the absence of a baseline of water quantity and quality established prior to coal mining, resolution of conflicts is neither fully possible nor equitable. 相似文献
7.
Quantitative assessment of mineral resources with an application to petroleum geology 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The probability of occurrence of natural resources, such as petroleum deposits, can be assessed by a combination of multivariate statistical and geostatistical techniques. The area of study is partitioned into regions that are as homogeneous as possible internally while simultaneously as distinct as possible. Fisher's discriminant criterion is used to select geological variables that best distinguish productive from nonproductive localities, based on a sample of previously drilled exploratory wells. On the basis of these geological variables, each wildcat well is assigned to the production class (dry or producer in the two-class case) for which the Mahalanobis' distance from the observation to the class centroid is a minimum. Universal kriging is used to interpolate values of the Mahalanobis' distances to all locations not yet drilled. The probability that an undrilled locality belongs to the productive class can be found, using the kriging estimation variances to assess the probability of misclassification. Finally, Bayes' relationship can be used to determine the probability that an undrilled location will be a discovery, regardless of the production class in which it is placed. The method is illustrated with a study of oil prospects in the Lansing/Kansas City interval of western Kansas, using geological variables derived from well logs. 相似文献
8.
县域经济是区域经济中的重要的一环，是中国建设全面小康社会的基本载体，是未来中国提高综合国力、参与国际竞争的生力军，搞好县域经济对振兴西部经济具有重大意义。从优化产业结构、选择适宜主导产业人手，以高县这一典型的西部丘陵低山县为例，对高县的经济和产业结构现状进行了阐述，利用计算机spss软件分析了其发展中存在的问题，提出了产业结构优化调整的方向，定性和定量地分析了高县的产业结构，利用特尔费法确定了高县的主导产业为煤化工并做了必要的分析。对高县“十一五”期间的国民经济发展具有具体的指导意义，对发展西部山区经济具有一定的借鉴。 相似文献
9.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):445-449
A case study from Allegany County, Maryland illustrates that, in the absence of a baseline of water quantity and quality established prior to coal mining, resolution of conflicts is neither fully possible nor equitable. 相似文献
10.
Threats to rural livelihoods and rural landscapes have increased over time as developed nations in particular look for cheaper and more locally based alternatives to traditional energy sources to drive national economies. In New South Wales, through the expansion of coal mines and coal seam gas (CSG), small towns such as Gloucester on the edge of the Upper Hunter are faced with competing visions which seek to redefine their future. Powerful and competing discourses over land use threaten not only the sustainability of the region but the integrity of its sense of place, centred on community, rurality, agricultural production and confrontation of risk from mining. The different discourses of local groups such as ‘tree-changers’, established residents and farmers conflict with those of external organisations such as the State government and mining/CSG companies which envisage Gloucester as a ‘balanced’ space of co-existence and position it as a new node in the carbon supply chain. 相似文献
11.
北京西部山地景观生态整治与景观规划--以北京房山区史家营乡的典型研究为例 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
北京市西部山区是因矿区开发使山地景观生态环境破坏的重点地区,在北京市生态环境整治与建设中具有十分重要的典型意义。不合理的煤炭资源开采导致了矿点密度大,采空塌陷区分布广,水资源急剧减少,水质污染严重,植被大规模遭破坏,水土流失严重,泥石流等灾害加重以及煤尘污染问题突出等一系列环境问题,呈现出山地生态系统遭受严重破坏的景观生态特征。本文以史家营为例,在典型调查的基础上,规划了景观生态环境恢复与重建区、种植养殖和观光生态农业示范区、果粮养殖生态农业区、林草放牧生态畜牧业示范区、生态旅游区的五个景观规划区域,探讨了生态型矿业、中低山特色生态农业和生态旅游发展的产业发展模式,并初步提出了景观生态整治的措施。 相似文献
12.
Pierce Greenberg 《社会与自然资源》2018,31(9):995-1011
Resource-dependent communities are subject to both unstable economic patterns and environmental degradation associated with extractive industries. However, few studies have empirically analyzed these dynamics in tandem and over time. This paper explores whether Appalachian neighborhoods closer to coal waste impoundments experienced steeper poverty changes from 1990 to 2000. Impoundment failures have resulted in some of the largest environmental disasters in U.S. history and scientists have expressed concerns over their growing heights and risks. Spatial regression models show that neighborhoods closer to impoundments have higher poverty increases on average, even after controlling for mining employment and other variables. These findings highlight the need for a deeper consideration of the environmental inequalities associated with the continued downturn of coal production and employment in the United States. Further, discussions about just transitions must recognize the legacy hazards and externalities associated with extractive industries – and their impacts on communities. 相似文献
13.
14.
Resource depletion calculated by the ratio of the reserve plus cumulative consumption to the crustal abundance for gold 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The magnitude of the world's mineral consumption has increased sharply, and there is no sign that growth is likely to stop in the near future. Currently, new discoveries and technology add to the reserves of varous mineral commodities at a rate that has exceeded depletion. As a result, life expectancies have remained nearly constant. However, it is questionable whether this condition is sustainable in the future. Therefore, most of our attention to the future has been focused on potentially recoverable resources. The potentially recoverable resources for 35 minerals in the Earth's crust were estimated based on the relationship between crustal abundance and the reserve of currently recoverable gold. The ratio of the reserve plus cumulative consumption to the abundance of gold is appropriate for calculating reserves of other mineral resources because gold has the highest profit margin for exploration of reserves. From an economic perspective, the price of gold is 350 times the mean value of 33 other resources for calculating production versus price. New mining technologies and new processing methods have been developed during the last 20 years as a response to high prices. As a result, five times the reserves available in 1970 have now been discovered, and two times the reserves available in 1970 were consumed during the past two decades. It is questionable whether other mineral commodities can reach the ratio of reserve plus cumulative consumption to abundance that gold does. Using this concept, the limit of the Earth's resources under present technology was calculated for 35 mineral resources, based on the ratio of the reserve plus cumulative consumption to abundance for gold. Even though recoverable tonnage of lead, silver, tin, boron, copper, and mercury from ore deposits in the Earth's crust is relatively low, the abundance of these metals is apparently sufficient for future supplies. However, considering the special situation of gold created by its very high price compared to world production, there is anxiety concerning steep increases in the price or depletion of these metals, which have a shorter lifetime from a geochemical point of view. 相似文献
15.
Nyakundi M. Michieka 《Natural Resources Research》2014,23(2):285-298
China, with the world’s largest population, is one of the most rapidly growing countries and the largest consumer of energy in the world. It possesses the second largest coal reserves globally and is the largest producer of coal in the world. Approximately 95% of the coal produced in China is from underground mining, which causes serious environmental and water quality problems. This paper investigates the relationship between coal production and the environment using a spatial econometric methods. The results indicate that electricity production and waste water have the greatest influence on coal production. Findings from this study are helpful to policy makers for designing environmental regulations in the coal production industry in China. 相似文献
16.
By applying the multi-Hubbert curve analysis to coal production in the United States, we demonstrate that anthracite production
can be modeled with a single Hubbert curve that extends to the practical end of commercial production of this highest-rank
coal. The production of bituminous coal from existing mines is about 80% complete and can be carried out at the current rate
for the next 20 years. The production of subbituminous coal from existing mines can be carried out at the current rate for
40–45 years. Significant new investment to extend the existing mines and build new ones would have to commence in 2009 to
sustain the current rate of coal production, 1 billion tons per year, in 2029. In view of the existing data, we conclude that
there is no spare coal production capacity of the size required for massive coal conversion to liquid transportation fuels.
Our analysis is independent of other factors that will prevent large-scale coal liquefaction projects: the inefficiency of
the process and either emissions of greenhouse gases or energy cost of sequestration.
相似文献
| Tad W. PatzekEmail: |
17.
地表水体对于毛乌素沙地的经济发展和生态保护具有重要作用。利用1999、2006、2013、2015 年Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像,获取了毛乌素沙地中部近16 a 来地表水体面积的时空变化特征。结果表明：水体面积以2006年为界呈先萎缩后回升的变化特征,1999-2006年地表水体总面积从368.52 km2缩减到了242.81 km2,缩减了129.53 km2（34.1%）。2013 年和2015 年水体面积回升,但2015年仍比1999年减少18.6%。研究区地表水体的变化在北部主要受煤炭开采大幅增加（2 252.2%）的影响,而南部主要受灌溉面积增加（92.4%）和畜牧量大幅增加（24 614.7%）的影响。以伊旗查干淖尔为代表的天然水体尽管受采矿用水增加等的影响,但在严格的水资源保护制度下面积变化不大,而以伊和日淖尔为代表的天然水体面积缩减显著,表明地表水体需要积极调控和适应才能维持稳定。 相似文献
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19.
能量转化效率是评价农业资源利用效率的一个综合性指标。本文在分析现代种植业系统特点的基础上,以河北省栾城县为例,研究了现代种植业系统的投入和生产特点。对系统能流分析结果表明,进入９０年代后,随着人工辅助能特别是工业辅助能投入的增加,系统能效逐渐降低。因此改进系统生产结构和投入结构,充分利用现代生物和工程技术,提高农业资源的利用效率,是实现现代农业持续发展的关键。 相似文献
20.
The organizational separation of management and other quaternary activities from production operations in American manufacturing has resulted in a divergent pattern of production and headquarter locations. We examine the external control relationships that arise from this separation between headquarter location and branch plant operations in nonmetropolitan Kentucky. Although corporate headquarters have diffused to the Sunbelt, no shift was found in the corporate control of branch plants in Kentucky. Nonmetropolitan manufacturing in Kentucky was oriented toward the metropolitan centers of the traditional manufacturing belt rather than the newer corporate centers of the South. Also control relationships are more likely to be local among smaller factories. Large plants having more autonomy in production or producing finished goods were more likely to be owned by a distant firm located in a large SMSA. 相似文献