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1.
Stephen J. Walsh 《自然地理学》2013,34(3):287-297
Soil moisture and soil temperature at 15, 61, and 91 cm depths were measured through use of a neutron probe and thermocouple/psychrometers, respectively, at 12 sample sites distributed along a 200 km east-west transect in west-central Oklahoma. The data were collected weekly from May 7 to August 13, 1985. Multiple regression analysis was used to explain soil moisture and soil temperature variability at the three sample depths through a combination of selected biophysical variables representing temporal and spatial site characteristics, meteorologic inputs, energy variables, and soil conditions. The multiple regression analysis showed that 83, 91, and 82% of the variation in soil moisture, and 79, 91, and 92% of the variation in soil temperature for the three depths sampled could be explained by a combination of the selected biophysical variables. 相似文献
2.
春季土壤湿度是影响东北粮食产量和品质的重要因素。在气候变暖的背景下,东北春季土壤湿度如何变化,鲜有研究。本文基于1983—2019年黑龙江省22个农业气象站的土壤湿度和气象观测资料,采用方差分析、突变分析及空间分析等方法,分析20世纪80年代以来黑龙江省春季土壤湿度的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：1983—2019年黑龙江省春季0~30 cm土壤湿度均值为88.22%,0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm土层土壤湿度平均值分别为82.63%、89.66%、92.36%,土壤湿度随深度增加而增加,各层均未出现干旱状态。但各层土壤湿度均出现极显著下降趋势,21世纪最初10年较20世纪80年代各层土壤湿度下降6%~15%,在20世纪80年代末进入偏干期。黑龙江省春季土壤湿度呈现由东到西逐渐减小的趋势,32%左右的观测站点呈现显著下降趋势,主要集中在黑龙江省西部及东部地区。前秋季降水量、积雪期长度和积雪初日是影响各层及各月份土壤湿度最重要的因素,其对土壤湿度的影响能持续到5月份,并能影响到20~30 cm。积雪深度及积雪终日对4月份表层土壤湿度有重要影响。地表温度、日平均气温、日平均风速和降水量也是影响不同时期不同深度土壤湿度的关键因素。 相似文献
3.
Spatial variability of soil moisture content and its relation to environmental indices in a semi-arid gully catchment of the Loess Plateau, China 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
The degree of spatial variability of soil moisture and the ability of environmental attributes to predict that variability were studied at the Da Nangou catchment (3·5 km2) in the semi-arid loess area of China. Soil moisture measurements were performed biweekly at five depths in the soil profile (0–5 cm, 10–15 cm, 20–25 cm, 40–45 cm and 70–75 cm) from May to October 1998 and from May to September 1999 using Delta-T theta probe. Results indicated that with increasing soil depth, the mean soil moisture content increases significantly for five layers and the coefficients of variation (CV) also increases with depth from 10–15 cm. It was observed that heavier rains and higher mean moisture contents are often associated with lower spatial variability (CV). Environmental attributes such as land use and topography play controlling roles in the spatial distribution of soil moisture content. However, the relative roles of these environmental indices vary with soil depth. The dominant controls on spatial variability of the time-averaged soil moisture changes from land use, aspect, relative elevation and hillslope position in the surface soil (0–5 cm) to relative elevation, hillslope position and aspect in the subsurface soil (10–15 cm, 20–25 cm), and to land use, relative elevation and slope gradient at larger depths (40–45 cm, 70–75 cm). The dynamic behavior of influences of different environmental indices on the layer-averaged soil moisture depends on several factors. In general, the correlation of soil moisture with slope gradient shows a more significant increase following a greater amount of antecedent precipitation (except for the extremely heavy storms), and declines afterwards. The relation of soil moisture with relative elevation and hillslope position exhibits an opposite trend. It was observed that the influence of land use corresponds to the difference in vegetative characteristics, with a stronger influence in June and August with a greater difference in vegetation. A significant influence of cos(aspect) was found during early spring and autumn with a rapid transient in solar irradiation. Finally, it was found that the sample size is adequate to estimate the catchment mean soil moisture at all five depths and on all 10 observations in 1999 (81 sites), while it is only enough for the upper soil layers (0–5 cm and 10–15 cm) in 1998 (26 sites). 相似文献
4.
Based on data collected over five years of monitoring the Lower Tarim River, we analyzed the variability of soil moisture content (SMC) and the relationship between SMC, groundwater table depth (GWD) and vegetation by using the methods of coefficient of variation (Cv), Pearson correlation and regression. The results of the variability of SMC indicate that it rose with increase in depth of soil layer – SMC in the soil layer of 0–60 cm was relatively small compared to SMC in the soil layer of 100–260 cm which showed a significant increase in variability. SMC and GWD before and after ecological water diversions exhibited significant differences at the site of the Yingsu transect and its vicinity of the watercourse, especially SMC in the soil layer of 100–260 cm increased significantly with a significant rise of GWD and reached maximum values at a GWD of about 4 m. Plant coverage and species diversity significantly improved with increases in SMC in the soil layer of 100–260 cm, both of them approached the maximum values and 92.3% of major plant species were able to grow when SMC was > 10%. To restore the ecosystem of desert riparian forest along the Lower Tarim River, the GWD must be maintained at < 4 m in the vicinity of the watercourse and at about 4 m for the rest of this arid region. 相似文献
5.
塔里木河下游土壤水分和地下水位变化对植被的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Based on data collected over five years of monitoring the Lower Tarim River,we analyzed the variability of soil moisture content (SMC) and the relationship between SMC,groundwater table depth (GWD) and vegetation by using the methods of coefficient of variation (Cv),Pearson correlation and regression. The results of the variability of SMC indicate that it rose with increase in depth of soil layer -SMC in the soil layer of 0-60 cm was relatively small compared to SMC in the soil layer of 100-260 cm which showed a significant increase in variability. SMC and GWD before and after ecological water diversions exhibited significant differences at the site of the Yingsu transect and its vicinity of the watercourse,especially SMC in the soil layer of 100-260 cm increased significantly with a significant rise of GWD and reached maximum values at a GWD of about 4 m. Plant coverage and species diversity significantly improved with increases in SMC in the soil layer of 100-260 cm,both of them approached the maximum values and 92.3% of major plant species were able to grow when SMC was > 10%. To restore the ecosystem of desert riparian forest along the Lower Tarim River,the GWD must be maintained at < 4 m in the vicinity of the watercourse and at about 4 m for the rest of this arid region. 相似文献
6.
播种深度和土壤水分对黄花补血草种子萌发的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
采集来自腾格里沙漠的黄花补血草种子,分别设置7个水分梯度（3.0%, 5.0%, 8.0%, 10.0%, 15.0%,18.0%,20%) 和6个播种深度（0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 cm）,进行黑暗（10～15 ℃）和光照(20～25 ℃)处理,研究水分、埋藏深度和温度对黄花补血草种子萌发和出苗的影响。结果表明：黄花补血草种子吸涨速率很快,在6 h种子吸水达到饱和;在土壤水分为3.0%～10.0%时,种子萌发率较高,当土壤水分达到20%时,萌发受到抑制;种子埋藏越深,萌发率越低,土壤水分太低或者太高,都不利于种子萌发。黄花补血草种子萌发和幼苗生长的最佳条件是：白天温度在25 ℃,夜间温度在15 ℃,土壤水分为10.0%,埋藏深度为0.5 cm时种子萌发率和出苗率最高。 相似文献
7.
通过采用点面结合的方法,分析黄土高原地区降雨影响下不同深度土壤水分的时空变化,从土壤水分复杂的“变异性”中提取相对的“不变性”。结果表明:20 cm以上土壤水分无明显规律,难以表征不同植被类型或空间位置上的土壤水分差异;小于30 mm的降雨基本不会引起40 cm以下土壤水分明显波动;100 cm深处,各采样点的土壤水分能在一个稳定值上保持数月时间,在大于46 mm的强降雨之后出现阶梯式抬升,之后又保持稳定状态;越往土层深处,土壤水分时空稳定性越明显,能较好的表征各植被类型或空间位置上的土壤水分差异。该研究从土壤水分的稳定性角度进行分析,对黄土高原土壤水分的地面采样设计和时空预测具有实际应用价值。 相似文献
8.
荒漠人工固沙植被区浅层土壤水分动态的时间稳定性特征 总被引：18，自引：12，他引：6
试验在地表由生物土壤结皮覆被的荒漠人工固沙植被区进行,通过对0.45 hm2试验样地浅层（0—15 cm,0—30 cm）土壤水分连续动态（2005年4—10月）测定,基于经典时间稳定性理论分析,来揭示荒漠人工固沙植被区浅层土壤水分动态的时间稳定性特征。结果表明,无论在干旱或湿润条件下,浅层土壤水分都具有明显的时间稳定性特征,并且在土壤剖面30 cm深度表现得比剖面深度15 cm更为显著;在干旱条件下,两种土壤剖面深度的土壤水分时间稳定性特征均比湿润条件下显著。根据研究结果,初步确定了试验样地平均土壤水分含量的代表性测点。 相似文献
9.
Soil moisture was measured over a four-month period at 31 sample points on a 1 ha clear-cut site on southern Vancouver Island. At each sample point measurements were collected at 10-cm intervals to the base of the soil profile. The data were used to determine spatial and temporal variations in soil moisture, and to infer the most likely mechanism(s) of soil-water movement vertically through the soil profiles and laterally across the site. All soils showed an increase in moisture content through the monitoring period. There was no strong tendency for moisture content to increase downslope along the topographic gradient. All soils exhibited an increase in soil moisture at depths of 20–30 cm, followed by a decline. This zone of increased soil moisture was correlated with the main root zone, and not with any textural contrasts. Topographic and textural influences on moisture movement through the soil matrix appear to be of minor importance. Moisture appears to follow paths dictated by root systems, which do not necessarily follow the microtopography. [Key words: soil moisture, soil matrix, macropores, topography, southern Vancouver Island, degraded dystric brunisols, dry coastal western hemlock forests.] 相似文献
10.
半干旱地区流动沙地土壤湿度变异及其对降水的依赖 总被引：23，自引：4，他引：19
应用半干旱区科尔沁沙地1983- 1990年5~ 10月份土壤湿度定点观测资料,对流动沙地土壤湿度的时空变异及其与降水关系进行了研究。结果表明:半干旱区科尔沁沙地,在0~ 300cm的垂直剖面上,以20cm作为一个层次,流动沙地土壤湿度多年平均值变化于3.25%~ 3.47%,层次间无显著差异。在时间序列土壤湿度存在年内和年际变异,5月份的土壤湿度与6~ 10月份存在显著差异,但6~ 10月份之间土壤湿度差异不显著。年际间降水量变化于243.3~ 567.1mm (变异系数9505%)之间,流动沙地土壤湿度变化于3.10%~ 3.69% (变异系数18.68%)之间。0~ 40cm土壤湿度与前月降水量不显著相关,但40~ 300cm土壤湿度与前月降水量显著相关,当月降水量与各层土壤湿度均显著相关。 相似文献
11.
藏北高原土壤的温湿特征 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
通过藏北高原两个站点(D110和安多)土壤温湿特性的分析,表明浅层土壤温度的变化幅度明显的比深层的要大,而且浅层土壤温度受地表随机天气过程的影响较大。浅层(20cm)土壤在未冻结前湿度的变化幅度不但受形成降水的地表随机天气过程的影响,而且受其下层土壤湿度状况的影响。下层土壤湿度越小,浅层(20cm)土壤湿度的变化幅度越大。土壤湿度和土壤温度之间存在着明显的相互关系,土壤的湿度状况能够影响土壤温度变化的幅度和土壤温度变化的趋势。 相似文献
12.
Lunan stone forest is a kind of typical karst in China, which is mainly developed underred soil. In the winter of 1999, three study sites were chosen in stone forest national park accordingto vegetation cover, geomorphologic location and soil types. CO2 concentration was measured withGastec pump at different depths of soil (20, 40, 60 cm) and at the same time soil samples weregathered and soil properties such as soil moisture, pH, soil organic content were analyzed and thetotal number of viable microbes were counted in laboratory. In the study, dependent variable waschosen as the mean soil log (PCO2), and soil properties were chosen as the independent variables.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the total amount of microbes and soil moisture arethe best indicators of the CO2 production, with the equation LOG(PCO2) = - 0.039(TNM) - 0.056(Mo) + 1.215 accounting for 86% of the variation of the soil CO2 concentration, where TNM is thetotal number of microbes in the soil and Mo is the moisture of soil sample. 相似文献
13.
LIANGFuyuan SONGLinhua TANGTao 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(2):250-256
Lunan stone forest is a kind of typical karst in China,Which is mainly developed under red soil.In the winter of 1999,three study sites were chosen in stone forest national park according to vegetation cover,geomporphologic location and soil types,CO2 concentration was measured with Gastec punp at different dephts of soil (20,40,60cm) and at the same time soil samples were gatered and soil properties such as soil moisure,pH,soil organic content were analyzed and the total nmuber of viable microbes were counted in laboratory,In the study,dependent variable was chosen as the mean soil log(PCO2),and soil properties were chosen as the independent variables.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the totla amount of microbes and soil moisture are the best indicators of the CO2 production,With the equation LOG(PCO2)=-0.039(TNM)-0.056 (Mo) 1.215 accounting for 86% of the variation of the soil CO2 concentration,where TNM is the total number of microbes in teh soil and Mo is the moisture of soil sample. 相似文献
14.
Diatom assemblages and water depth in Lake 239 (Experimental Lakes Area,Ontario): implications for paleoclimatic studies 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Diatom assemblages in surface sediments were sampled along three transects in Lake 239, from the Experimental Lakes Area (NW Ontario), and analyzed in order to explore the relationship between modern species distributions and water depth. Approximately 170 diatom species were identified in surficial sediments at lake depths from 2 to 30 m. The species composition varied with sample depth but remained highly similar across all three transects. The main patterns of variation in the diatom assemblages across transects, derived from a detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), showed that assemblages were highly correlated (r = 0.97 to 0.98). At depths > 8 m the pattern of predominantly benthic composition changed to a planktonic assemblage dominated by Cyclotella stelligera. This depth currently corresponds to the depth of 1% light penetration as assessed from extinction coefficient measurements. Diatom species diversity increases with the switch to the near-shore benthic taxa in all three transects. Additionally, there is a large decrease in the ratio of chrysophyte scales to diatoms at depths < 8 m. Light transmission data from wet and dry periods over the last 35 years suggests that during dry periods the extent of the littoral zone should change by over 2 m. We suggest that cores along a transect from 8 to 14 m should provide a highly sensitive location for detailed paleoclimatic study. 相似文献
15.
亚热带人工湿地松林土壤溶解性有机碳动态变化及控制因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）是土壤有机碳库的活性组分,联接陆地和水生生态系统。DOC的降解影响碳循环、营养动力学机制和微生物的能源供给,因此改变生物地球化学过程。本研究对千烟洲森林试验站（QFES）土壤溶解性有机碳浓度垂直剖面和季节的变化及其控制因子,包括土壤性质和环境因素进行分析。2007年11月至2009年3月每两个月、2009年4月至2010年103每月,分别在土壤10、20、30cm深度和10、30、50cm深度,采用机械式真空取样装置共收集了土壤溶液样品。用总碳分析仪（TOC）测定DOC浓度,DOC浓度平均值范围为3．0-26．2mgL^-1。在土壤剖面10、20、30、50cm深度DOC浓度平均值（±标准差）分别为12．4±4．4、10．6±6．3、8．7±2．6及8．0±5．9mgL^-1。DOC季节平均浓度和春李DOC浓度平均值具有明显的随深度增加而降低的特征。而在夏季、秋季和冬季,DOC浓度在土壤剖面上的变化不具有明显的特征。春季、夏季、秋季和冬季DOC浓度平均值分别为10．2、10．5、10．8和8．3mg^L1,不同深度DOC浓度的季节变化没有一致的特征。分析表明,凋落物有机碳含量与DOC浓度之间无明显相关关系,SOC与DOC含量具有相同的土壤剖面变化特征,SOC与DOC之间具线性正相关关系（R^2=0．19,p〈0．01）,表明SOC是DOC的主要来源之一。在湿地松、马尾松和杉木林,土壤溶液10cm深度和5cm土壤温度间具有指数正相关关系（R^2=0．12,p〈0．01）。在湿地松土壤剖面,DOC浓度与土壤湿度具负线性相关关系（R^=0．15,p〈0．001）,在湿地松、马尾松和杉木林,土壤溶液10cm深度DOC浓度和5cm土壤湿度之间具有负指数相关关系（R^2=0．13,p〈0．001）。取样月降雨量与DOC季节平均浓度不相关。然而,对取样前不同时间降雨量与DOC季节平均浓度的分析表明,取样前降雨事件的时间对不同深度的DOC季节平均浓度有不同的影响。通过分析揭示了SOC和环境变量土壤温度、土壤湿度和降雨是DOC的控制因子。本研究以人工湿地松林碳循环中DOC动力机制为重点,为评价亚热带红壤区生态恢复的效果提供依据。 相似文献
16.
Lunan stone forest is a kind of typical karst in China, which is mainly developed under red soil. In the winter of 1999, three study sites were chosen in stone forest national park according to vegetation cover, geomorphologic location and soil types. CO2 concentration was measured with Gastec pump at different depths of soil (20, 40, 60 cm) and at the same time soil samples were gathered and soil properties such as soil moisture, pH, soil organic content were analyzed and the total number of viable microbes were counted in laboratory. In the study, dependent variable was chosen as the mean soil log (PCO2), and soil properties were chosen as the independent variables. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the total amount of microbes and soil moisture are the best indicators of the CO2 production, with the equation LOG(PCO2) = - 0.039(TNM) - 0.056(Mo) + 1.215 accounting for 86% of the variation of the soil CO2 concentration, where TNM is the total number of microbes in the soil and Mo is the moisture of soil sample. 相似文献
17.
《湿地科学》2015,(1)
The field trial was established to investigate the effects of planting condition(soil water content,soil buried depth,rhizome length)and time on the survival rate and growth of Phragmites australis rhizomes.The results indicated that survival rate and growth of Phragmites australis were affected by soil water content and rhizome length significantly,but not by soil buried depth.The survival rate of Phragmites australis in moist condition was higher than those in natural and flooding conditions.Rhizomes length did not affect survival rate,height and shoot number,but influenced biomass and buds number,which were higher with 15 cm length than those with 30 cm length.Based on the suitable soil water content(moisture)and rhizome length(15 cm),the survival rate of Phragmites australis was the highest when they were planted in May(91%)comparing to June and July.The number of shoots and buds were the highest in June,which had more suitable temperature and light for Phragmites australis to grow.Therefore,the optimizing transplanting condition of Phragmites australis was that rhizomes of 15 cm with some buds were planted in May with moisture(soil water content). 相似文献
18.
《自然地理学》2013,34(2):121-139
Using a hydrologic model to estimate daily soil moisture at 258 evaluation locations over a 30-year period, the spatial variability and persistence of soil moisture across Oklahoma is examined. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) uses readily available meteorological inputs with detailed land surface information. Spatial variability of soil moisture across Oklahoma is extremely dynamic and exhibits a remarkable range of individual characteristics due to the heterogeneous land surface. An autocorrelation analysis is used to evaluate the persistence of soil moisture at each evaluation location. In general, soil moisture across Oklahoma persists from 5 to 10 weeks in the eastern portion of Oklahoma to over 30 weeks in western Oklahoma as a result of the large-scale climatic variability of precipitation supply and evapotranspiration demand. However, the lags are not spatially coherent due to the heterogeneity of the land surface. Land surface characteristics potentially influencing the persistence of soil moisture across Oklahoma are examined, including vegetation type and soil texture and depth. Of the three parameters, soil depth plays a significant role in the memory of soil moisture conditions. As the soil profile depth increases, a corresponding increase in the persistence of soil moisture occurs. 相似文献
19.
东北黑土区土壤剖面地温和水分变化规律 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
东北黑土区土壤侵蚀的结果使土壤在坡面上发生再分配,土壤腐殖质层厚度的空间变异增大。腐殖质层厚度的变化又引起地温和土壤水分等土壤物理性质的变化,地温和水分是影响和反映冻融侵蚀作用的重要因子,也是影响地表和土壤剖面物质运移的重要因素。本文通过实测不同厚度腐殖质层剖面的地温和土壤水分,分析了地温和水分随时间和土壤剖面深度的变化规律。结果显示腐殖质层厚度对土壤温度和含水量有显著影响,腐殖质层较厚的剖面解冻速度比薄层黑土区要慢,不同深度土层温度到达0℃的日期也不相同,腐殖质层较厚的剖面冻结时间要滞后1周左右。同时,腐殖质层较厚的黑土区土壤含水量明显大于薄层黑土区,土壤水分运移的深度范围也大。 相似文献
20.
土壤水分含量是荒漠植被发育的主要制约因子。对古尔班通古特沙漠南缘个体、群落、丘间地0~100 cm干季土壤水分含量的空间异质性进行分析。结果表明：（1）同尺度下,土壤水分含量随土层深度增加呈显著升高趋势,且表层土壤水分含量的变异系数高于其他土层。（2）个体尺度,梭梭树干基部周围土壤水分含量在垂直和水平方向存在格局分异。垂直方向,土壤水分含量随土层深度增加呈升高趋势。水平方向,随距树干基部距离增加,坡顶土壤水分含量呈升高趋势,坡中和坡底土壤水分含量呈降低趋势,但没有显著差异。（3）梭梭群落尺度上土壤水分含量异质性较强,且呈斑块状分布。（4）地形是影响丘间地尺度土壤水分含量空间分异的主要因素,形成坡底土壤水分含量最高、坡中次之、坡顶最低的空间分布格局。 相似文献