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1.
小兴安岭森林生态系统中营养元素关系及土壤动物的作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对小兴安岭森林生态系统6个主要林型的凋落叶、土壤动物和土壤三者之间营养元素关系研究,凋落叶、土壤动物和土壤中营养元素的平均含量不同,它们的变异程度也不同。蚯蚓、线蚓、蜈蚣和其它类群土壤动物体内营养元素的方差分析结果表明,K、Ca、Mg、Fe对土壤动物的生长发育影响较大。凋落叶、土壤动物和土壤之间K、Na、Fe的线性关系较强,反映了凋落叶-土壤动物-土壤间K、Na、Fe联系密切。凋落叶和土壤中营养元素与土壤动物的生物量、密度和类群数的关系密切,平均关联度的顺序为,类群数>生物量>密度。 相似文献
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贡嘎山垂直带林分凋落物及其理化特征 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本文研究了贡嘎山东坡垂直带森林凋落物量、凋落物特征及其N、P、K、有机碳的归还量,并探讨了它们随海拔高度变化的规律。结果表明,分布于海拔2200m常绿与落叶阔叶混交林、海拔3050m峨眉冷杉和林线峨眉冷杉的凋落物量依次为:3811.017、2809.925、2908.501 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1);N、P、K的归还量依次为:66.577、34.850、40.758 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。贡嘎山东坡海拔2200m至3580m天然林乔木层的年凋落物量随水热条件的变化有明显减少的趋势,乔木层的年凋落物中阔叶成分逐步消失,针叶成分从无到有,地衣、苔藓所占比例逐渐减小,碎屑所占比例也趋于减小。 相似文献
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南澳岛植被恢复过程中不同阶段土壤的变化 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
采用时空互代法研究南澳岛植被恢复过程中不同阶段土壤变化，在植被恢复的过程中，该岛土壤pH值按退化草坡→人工林→次生林的顺序呈现出逐步降低的趋势，土壤全氮含量、速效磷和交换性K、Ca、Mg都随植被从草坡向次生林恢复过程而呈现逐步增加的趋势，虽然草坡10cm土壤有机质比10年龄的人工林群落2种群落3高，但却比群4、群落5、群落和群落8低，植被恢复过程中凋落物贮量也增加，其趋势同土壤养分增加是一致的，南澳岛在植被恢复过程中土壤结构和营养得到改善，而这又会促进植被恢复，同大陆相比，海岛土壤的交换性K、Ca、Mg含量较高，这可能同海岛特殊生境有关。 相似文献
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中国东部南北样带森林生态系统WUE和NUE空间格局及驱动因子(英文) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
From July 2008 to August 2008, 72 leaf samples from 22 species and 81 soil samples in the nine natural forest ecosystems were collected, from north to south along the North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC). Based on these samples, we studied the geographical distribution patterns of vegetable water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and analyzed their relationship with environmental factors. The vegetable WUE and NUE were calculated through the measurement of foliar δ 13C and C/N of predominant species, respectively. The results showed: (1) vegetable WUE, ranging from 2.13 to 28.67 mg C g-1 H2O, increased linearly from south to north in the representative forest ecosystems along the NSTEC, while vegetable NUE showed an opposite trend, increasing from north to south, ranging from 12.92 to 29.60 g C g-1 N. (2) Vegetable WUE and NUE were dominantly driven by climate and significantly affected by soil nutrient factors. Based on multiple stepwise regression analysis, mean annual temperature, soil phosphorus concentration, and soil nitrogen concentration were responding for 75.5% of the variations of WUE (p<0.001). While, mean annual precipitation and soil phosphorus concentration could explain 65.7% of the change in vegetable NUE (p<0.001). Moreover, vegetable WUE and NUE would also be seriously influenced by atmospheric nitrogen deposition in nitrogen saturated ecosystems. (3) There was a significant trade-off relationship between vegetable WUE and NUE in the typical forest ecosystems along the NSTEC (p<0.001), indicating a balanced strategy for vegetation in resource utilization in natural forest ecosystems along the NSTEC. This study suggests that global change would impact the resource use efficiency of forest ecosystems. However, vegetation could adapt to those changes by increasing the use efficiency of shortage resource while decreasing the relatively ample one. But extreme impacts, such as heavy nitrogen deposition, would break this trade-off mechanism and give a dramatic disturbance to the ecosystem biogeochemical cycle. 相似文献
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控制土壤硒化学行为因素的探讨 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
用Jackson系统分离土壤磷的程序,研究了我国土壤中结合态硒的含量及其控制因素。结果表明,在酸性环境中,Fe、Al、Mn的氧化物或矿物是控制土壤硒化学行为的主要因子,Ca、Mg、K的作用不大。在碱性环境中,Ca、Mg、K的化合物或矿物是制约土壤非闭蓄性硒均主要因子,而控制闭蓄性硒的则是Fe、Al、Ma的氧化物或矿物。P、Si不仅以络阴离子的形式参与土壤硒的固定和影响植物对硒的利用,而且以化台物或矿物的肜式影响硒在土壤中的循环。在所研究的土壤中,未发现Cr、V、Sr、Ba、Co、Cu、Ni.Ti,Cd、Pb等与结合态硒含量在统计学上相关。 相似文献
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森林凋落物-土壤动物-土壤系统中营养元素含量关系及分异 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据对吉林省左家自然保护区同一坡面上不同地形部位的凋落物、土壤动物及土壤中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe 6种营养元素含量实测数据,研究了凋落物、土壤动物体内和土壤中的营养元素差异以及坡面上营养元素的纵向分异。结果表明,在较缓的丘陵坡面上,6种营养元素的纵向分异并不十分显著。土壤动物体内N、P、Ca含量明显高于凋落物和土壤,土壤中K、Mg、Fe元素含量则高于土壤动物和凋落物。坡面中部凋落物、土壤动物及土壤中N元素含量高于坡面两端,土壤中的P、K元素含量在坡体上部出现最大值,Mg、P元素纵向分布呈线性分布规律,Ca元素分布波动幅度较大,且呈非线性规律。凋落物、土壤动物和土壤中元素含量线性关系较强。凋落物和土壤动物体内元素的变异对土壤中元素含量变化的贡献率较大。 相似文献
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两种土壤条件下荒漠盐生植物根际系统养分分布的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用水平根垫法对四种不同类型的荒漠盐生植物进行栽培实验,应用冰冻薄层切片法对距根表不同距离的土壤进行分层取样,并测定不同层次土壤中pH值、总盐、速效N、有效P、速效K、交换性Ca和Mg的含量。结果表明,在盐土中,距根表不同距离的土壤中,pH值均呈有规律的梯度分布,即根际微区pH值较土体下降,且距根表越近,pH值越低,而在棉田土中却没有显著变化;总盐在根际出现较大的亏缺区。在盐土中,四种植物根际的速效N都呈现出亏缺的趋势,在0—3 mm范围内变化幅度最大。四种植物根际速效N在棉田土壤中的变化趋势与盐土中相似,也呈现出亏缺,但亏缺的程度稍低。四种植物根际有效P的变化与速效N不同,在盐土中,四种植物根际有效P呈现富集的趋势,但富集程度不高,最大富集范围出现在距根表0—5 mm范围内,芦苇的富集率最低。在棉田土中,根际有效P的变化与在盐土中相反,表现为亏缺,并且亏缺幅度很大;四种植物根际速效K的变化与有效P相似。根际交换性Ca的在盐土和棉田土中的分布有差异。在盐土中,根际中交换性Ca分布较均匀,没有显著的变化,而在盐土中却富集。在荒漠盐土中, N、P和K在几乎所有植株中地上部分都显著大于地下部分,N和K尤为显著;除芦苇外,Ca和Mg则是地下部分大于地上部分,琵琶柴尤为显著,这可能与它们各自的生理类型有关。 相似文献
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古尔班通古特沙漠土壤养分空间分异与干扰的关系 总被引：16，自引：11，他引：5
对干扰条件下古尔班通古特沙漠土壤养分空间分异特征进行了研究。分析土壤养分的变化趋势,及干扰与植被和土壤养分之间的关系。研究表明:沙漠边缘至沙漠腹地,全N、全P和全K含量、EC、总盐,可溶性离子HCO-3、SO2-4及Ca2+呈增加趋势。CO2-3、Mg2+、 Cl-、Na+4种离子含量较低,变化规律不明显。除全K含量随公路里程呈较连续的增加外,其他养分条件在公路里程25—75 km ,80—125 km和大于125 km的范围内的变化趋势都呈现高\?低\?显著增高的波动过程,分析表明这种波动性的变化是由干扰造成的。干扰因子数与生物结皮盖度呈显著负相关,但与植物种类与植物盖度都达到了显著正相关的水平。除与pH值呈正相关外,干扰因子数与土壤养分指标都呈负相关,其中与全K、全P、全N和EC的负相关接近于显著或极显著水平。随公路里程增加,生物结皮呈现从地衣苔藓藻类地衣地衣苔藓的过渡,这与土壤养分条件和干扰因子数相对应。人类活动是导致彩克沙漠公路里程80—125 km范围沙漠土壤养分条件的降低的主要原因,受水源和居住地的影响,该段沙漠人类放牧活动影响的最大范围为里程125—145 km之间。人类在沙漠活动的加强会增加沙漠生态干扰源和干扰强度,最终降低沙漠土壤的养分条件。 相似文献
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利用新疆奇台县荒漠-绿洲交错带的75个土壤样本,选取土壤可见光-近红外光谱的反射率（R）、光谱反射率倒数之对数（lg（1/R））、光谱反射率一阶导数（FDR）和光谱波段深度（Depth）4个指标,分析了其与土壤N、P、K元素含量的关系,分别建立了反演模型并对其精度进行了检验。结果表明：可见光-近红外反射光谱快速估算荒漠-绿洲交错带土壤N、P、K元素含量的潜力大,其预测精度由高到低的排列顺序为：N>P>K。不同光谱指标反演模型的精度各异,指标Depth和FDR的预测效果明显优于lg（1/R）和R,对N和P元素的拟合效果为：lg（1/R）相似文献
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草原凋落物的分解及营养元素的释放和累积 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
草原凋落物的分解是草原生态系统物质循环的主要环节, 其中植物营养元素的释放和累积对退化草场恢复的进程和质量有着重要意义。本文从凋落物自身的性质、外部环境因素(生物及非生物因子)、混合效应等对凋落物分解速率的影响以及凋落物分解时植物营养元素的释放和累积两个方面论述了国内外对草原凋落物的分解及营养元素的生物地球化学行为的研究现状。一般情况下, 草原凋落物分解速率与凋落物自身的N、P、K等元素含量正相关, 与C/N、C/P、木质素、纤维素等的比值或含量值负相关, 而与周围环境中营养元素的组成及含量的关系不大。混合凋落物中不同种类凋落物的N、P含量及物种丰富度影响着非加性效应作用的效果。在凋落物分解过程中, 总体趋势表现为分解初级阶段对N的积累, 对P 和K的释放, 而对Na、Ca、Mg等营养元素来说, 随物种和根茎叶等部位的不同规律也不一样。凋落物中各元素的含量、凋落物分解阶段、物种类型、非加性效应、土壤环境等都是影响其营养元素释放和累积的因素。据此, 本文展望了草原凋落物未来可能的研究方向, 指出多因子的交互作用对草原凋落物分解的影响、凋落物混合分解机制探究、某些大量及微量营养元素的释放和累积可能是未来需要研究的重点。 相似文献
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Soil physical and chemical properties, plus foliar elemental concentrations, are reported for surface (5–10 cm) and subsurface (35–40 cm) soil and foliar tissue samples from 20 sand pine (Pinus clausa) populations, 9 from the Choctawhatchee variety on the Florida panhandle and 11 from the Ocala variety on the Florida peninsula. Sand pine occurred exclusively on sandy soils, with mean sand content >97%. Soils generally were low in organic carbon and soil elemental concentrations. Both K and P were below analytic detection limits, whereas Ca and Mg were present at only modest levels. Only soil Al and Fe were relatively abundant. Foliar elemental concentrations indicated pronounced bioconcentration of nutrients by sand pine. Macronutrients (Ca, K, Mg, and P) approached or exceeded levels typical of other southern pine species. Some contrasts in edaphic and foliar tissue properties were apparent between varieties, but contrasts were more pronounced between groups of populations based on both soil color (yellow-sand group) and variety (Choctawhatchee white-sand and Ocala white-sand groups). The yellow-sand group, dominated by inland Choctawhatchee sites on sediments of mixed marine/fluvial origin, possessed less well sorted sand grains, higher clay content, lower pH, and higher levels of soil Al and Fe. The Choctawhatchee white-sand group consisted primarily of coastal dune sites, with well-sorted sands that reflect an eolian substrate. The Ocala white-sand group ranged primarily along the interior sand ridges of central Florida and was intermediate in sedimentological character. Foliar elemental concentrations did not reflect soil elemental patterns. Whereas Ocala samples were significantly higher in P and Mg, Choctawhatchee samples were higher in K, and there were no signficant varietal differences in foliar Ca. [Key words: sand pine, soil elemental concentrations, foliar elemental concentrations, Florida.] 相似文献
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阿拉善荒漠草地几种灌木对土壤有效态养分的影响 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
对阿拉善荒漠草地广泛分布的几种灌木、半灌木土壤有效态常量和微量营养元素的“肥岛”效应进行了研究。结果表明：①霸王、白刺、红砂和沙冬青提高了灌丛根部土壤速效Na、K、Fe和Mn 的含量,而降低了灌从根部土壤速效Ca、Mg的含量;驼绒藜除对土壤速效Mg含量有显著影响外,对其他元素无显著的影响。②霸王、白刺和沙冬青对速效Na、K、Fe和Mn有明显的富集作用,对速效Ca负富集作用;红砂对速效Na有极强的富集作用,EA、EB分别为37.59和52.93;除红砂和驼绒藜对速效Mg有富集作用外,其余灌丛对速效Mg无富集作用。③灌丛周围土壤pH值与速效K、Fe和Zn含量呈显著负相关,与Ca呈正相关,与速效Na无相关性。霸王、白刺、沙冬青周围土壤速效Mg含量与pH值也呈显著正相关;除了霸王外,其他灌木周围土壤速效Mn含量都与pH值呈负相关。 相似文献
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生态系统氮磷比化学计量特征研究进展 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
通过对国内外关于氮磷比化学计量特征研究文献的大量阅读,总结了在陆地生态系统和水域生态系统中氮磷比化学计量特征的意义。在陆地生态系统中,土壤中的氮磷比与固氮共生体及非共生体的生物固氮量呈反比例关系;土壤中的氮磷比化学计量特征发生变化会影响植被动态;土壤中氮磷比化学计量特征的变化对物种多样性及生产力产生影响,尤其是磷限制濒危物种的生产力及丰富度;植物体中的氮磷比化学计量特征可以体现氮和磷两种营养元素的供应状况及相对有效性,对植被恢复和濒危物种管理工作起到重要作用。在水域生态系统中,水体中的氮磷比与水生生物的固氮量呈反比例关系,并且会影响水生植物的生长及水生生物群落的组成。 相似文献
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The Impact of Erosion on Soil Productivity—An Experimental Design Applied in São Paulo State, Brazil
Anna Tengberg Michael Stocking & Sonia Carmela Falci Dechen 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1997,79(1-2):95-107
Soil erosion is the principal threat to agricultural sustainability, affecting both the characteristics of the in situ soil and its productive potential. However, soils vary in their resilience and there are very few empirical data upon which to appreciate the degree and type of impact on the soil caused by erosion. This paper describes an experiment designed to generate such data based on soil loss and runoff plots, and it reports on nearly nine years of experience with the design at the Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, Brazil on a Latosol (Oxisol). After seven years of erosion induced by four levels of artificial cover, the effective rainfall on the most eroded soil was 20 percent less than on the control full cover. Crop yields were also found to be significantly affected: in 1995 by nearly 700 kg/ha and in 1996 by over 1000 kg/ha—a 50% decline in yield, amounting to a loss of 4 kg/ha of maize per tonne of cumulative soil loss. Losses of nutrients (organic C, P, K, Ca and Mg) in the runoff and eroded soil were also significant with far higher levels of loss associated with the eroded sediment. Changes in the in situ soil were less clear, but a test of trends showed that the decreases in organic matter and increases in acidity could unambiguously be attributed to soil erosion. Average enrichment ratios of the eroded sediment were 1.3 for organic C, 2.6 for P, 0.7 for K, 1.3 for Ca and 1.2 for Mg. Erosion has also affected the maize quality—mainly N, Ca and B nutrient content. Through these various measures, we conclude that seven years of induced erosion has had a marked effect on soil productivity, and for the first time we are now in a position to begin calculating the financial impact of the erosion process on future yields and farmer livelihoods. 相似文献
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山东青州市耕地利用方式对土壤养分状况影响研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过调查山东省青州市不同耕地利用方式间土壤养分数据,利用数理统计处理软件对土壤养分数据进行处理分析,对耕地利用方式与土壤养分状况之间的关系进行了系统探讨。结果表明,不同耕地利用方式对土壤中有机质、大量元素以及中量元素都有显著的影响。对有机质和大量元素的影响程度为碱解氮>有效磷>全氮>速效钾>缓效钾>有机质;对中量元素的影响程度为交换性钙>交换性镁>有效硅>有效硫;土壤中的微量元素除有效锌、硼在不同耕地利用方式间有差异性外,耕地利用方式的变化对有效锰、铜、铁以及氯离子均没有显著的影响。 相似文献
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Paul Sillitoe 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1996,16(1):101-115
The farming regime of the Wola people of Nipa District in the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea features the cultivation of some land semi-permanently under non-perennial crops within the broad context of a swidden regime. An investigation of the fertility status of the soils they cultivate —Inceptisols variably affected by falls of volcanic ash — suggests how these farmers avoid the soil constraints that might otherwise prompt long-term fallowing of sites under such a tropical subsistence agricultural regime. While organic matter and the elements N and K all decline significantly with time under cultivation, they settle at new equilibria which may not signify deficiencies for some crops. The other major nutrient P also falls significantly over time, although levels are relatively low throughout. Other nutrients show no significant variation. These findings comply with the wide variety of crops observed under cultivation early in the life of gardens, followed later by a virtual sweet potato mono-crop. This crop is able to continue yielding adequately in the long term, following a decline in nutrient availability, notably because they remain in favourable ratios for tuberisation and because of its tolerance of low P conditions. 相似文献
19.
封禁管理对严重退化群落养分循环与能量的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
福建省长汀县河田镇是我国南方红壤区典型的严重水土流失区之一，自20世纪80年代以来采取了许多有效的治理措施。本文对封禁管理和对照（未治理）群落的生物量、生产力、养分循环和能量进行了研究，结果表明：封禁管理后群落的生产力得到要大的提高，生物量是对照的75．7倍，N、P、K、Ca、Mg的积累量分别是对照的49．4、59．2、55．0、48．4和70．0倍，能量现存量是对照的73倍；封禁管理后乔木层为营养元素和积累量积累的主体，灌木层、草本层和苔藓层的养分与能量的积累量占群落积累量比重不大，但对该类型退化生态系统的恢复具有重要意义；封禁管理后群落的养分循环已较为畅通，太阳能转经达到0．81％，而对照的仅为0．023％；因此封禁管理后群落的养分循环功能和能量生产能力已得到一定程度的恢复，这种生态重建模式值得类似地区推广与应用。 相似文献
20.
In arid ecosystems, widely spaced vegetation and prolonged dry periods may enhance canopy capture of nutrients from dry deposition. Additionally, differences in precipitation type, plant canopy architecture, and soil nutrient limitation could affect canopy exchange of atmospherically derived nutrients. We collected bulk precipitation and throughfall underneath piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and one-seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma) along a substrate age gradient to determine if canopy interception or throughfall chemistry differed among tree species, season, or substrate age. The Substrate Age Gradient of Arizona consists of four sites with substrate ages ranging from 1 ky to 3000 ky-old, which exhibit classic variations in soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability with substrate age. Greater nutrient inputs below canopies than in intercanopy areas suggest throughfall contributes to the “islands of fertility” effect. Canopy interception of precipitation did not differ between tree species, but was greater in the summer/fall than winter/spring. We found that net canopy retention of atmospherically derived N was generally greater when N availability in the soil was low, but retention also occurred when N availability was relatively high. Taken together, our results were inconclusive in determining whether the degree of soil nutrient limitation alters canopy exchange of plant growth-limiting nutrients. 相似文献