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1.
The postwar urban renewal experience varied among US cities according to the result of local social contests pitting those imposing their power to transform urban space against those resisting it. In this paper, we examine the role of one such contest in shaping urban renewal outcomes in Denver, using the case of the late 1960s Auraria project. The project sought to remove a poor, Hispanic neighborhood in order to build a new downtown college campus, generating community opposition from the inner city neighborhood residents, leaders of the city’s Chicano Movement, and historic preservation activists. We demonstrate how resistance actively shaped the ultimate form and character of the project, and how the legacies of this urban renewal contest extended—in unforeseen ways—beyond the immediate struggles of the time. We argue that these legacies provide the essential context for understanding planning practice, redevelopment strategies, and gentrification dynamics in the city today. 相似文献
2.
《Urban geography》2013,34(6):518-525
This paper provides critical reflections on the urban transformation campaign launched by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) as part and parcel of its ambitions to upgrade Istanbul to "world city" status. I focus on two main aspects of "urban transformation" in Istanbul: prestige mega-projects and (re)development of informal housing areas, with particular emphasis on the latter. I examine how poor residents' livelihoods are put at stake in spite of the IMM's claim that "urban transformation" is ultimately beneficial for all citizens. I conclude with the unique policy challenges that the local governments face in developing participatory models for urban renewal and regeneration in Istanbul. 相似文献
3.
Idalina Baptista 《Urban geography》2013,34(5):590-611
This article contributes to the ongoing scrutiny of the travels of critiques of neoliberalism in urban studies. Using the case of a state-led urban regeneration program implemented in Portugal since 2000, the Polis Program, the article weighs in on meta-analytical discussions about the hegemonic status of neoliberalism as a theoretical concept and as an analytical framework and on discussions about the travels of dominant critiques of neoliberalism beyond the sites of epistemological production. The article argues that the current analytical overinvestment in neoliberalism may obscure important drivers of contemporary urbanization and that recourse to a diversity of concepts may be a more profitable line of inquiry. The article suggests that current efforts at epistemological renewal within urban studies benefit from taking up cities in the “borderlands” of urban theory as relevant cases in their own right. The article offers further considerations on the purchase of neoliberalism in contemporary urban literature.[Key words: neoliberalism, critiques, urban theory, urban planning and policy, Portugal, Polis Program] 相似文献
4.
Azat Zana Gündoğan 《Urban geography》2013,34(7):893-917
This article examines the role of state affinity in community struggles against authoritarian, neoliberal urban transformation projects (UTPs) in Turkey. It argues that as neoliberal hegemonic devices, UTPs produce contentious political spaces within which communities negotiate, resist, or comply with state-imposed, pro-market rationales (i.e. common sense). As an alternative to depictions of subaltern communities in mobilization as totally ‘co-opted‘ or ‘victimized‘ in neoliberal renewal or as ’unwilling’ or ’unable’ to produce a collective rights identity, the analysis offers a more complicated picture of community resistance, inactivity, and co-optation. To do this, it adopts a combination of Henri Lefebvre’s theory of production of space and Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony. The analysis is based on the findings from original ethnographic research on two ethnically distinct working-class neighborhoods under UTP threat in Gebze, a satellite city of Istanbul. It compares communities’ affinity with the state-sponsored ideologies (Sunni-Turkish nationalism, neoliberalism) by looking at their ethnic identities and social histories. 相似文献
5.
Reconsidering neoliberal urban planning in times of crisis: urban regeneration policy in a “dense” space in Lisbon 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Simone Tulumello 《Urban geography》2016,37(1):117-140
In this article, I contribute to recent debates about the concept of neoliberalism and its use as an explanatory concept, through the analysis of urban planning and regeneration policy in Lisbon amidst crisis and austerity. Suggesting a look at neoliberalization from a threefold perspective—the project, governmentalities, and policymaking—I analyze how current austerity-policy responses to the European economic crisis can be understood as a renewed and coherent deployment of neoliberal stances. The article presents implications for urban planning in Lisbon and thus suggests an exploration of the negotiations and clashes of hegemonic neoliberal governmentalities and policies with the local social and spatial fabric. For this exploration, I select a “deviant” case—the Mouraria neighborhood, a “dense” space in which the consequences of policies diverge sharply from expectations. In conclusion, I suggest that neoliberalization (in times of crisis) should be understood as a coherent project compromised by a set of highly ambiguous governmentalities, which bring about contradictory policymaking at the local level. 相似文献
6.
Christopher Niedt 《Urban geography》2013,34(8):1047-1069
Large-scale urban redevelopment projects catalyze moments of peril and opportunity. In the wake of the United States Supreme Court's Kelo v. New London decision affirming economic development as a public use under the takings clause of the Constitution, these perils and opportunities have again become a site of major contestation. An unusual alliance of libertarian property-rights ideologues and civil-rights organizations has joined forces to challenge the use of eminent domain in urban economic development. In this article, I analyze the history of these alliances and their implicit reinforcement of deeply reactionary constructions of property. I conclude with an evaluation of two emergent models—community benefit agreements and community equity shares—that provide promising community tools for alternatives to homeowner rule and neoliberal urban renewal. 相似文献
7.
《Urban geography》2013,34(4):371-376
In the second half of the 20th century, considerable resources and efforts have been devoted to revitalizing American central cities. In these redevelopment processes, however, the common byproduct of physical upgrading is social upgrading, the displacement of many of the original residents, who are often low-income and minority, from their traditional neighborhoods. This article explores the various processes of physical and social upgrading—including locally driven urban renewal, private sector "blockbusting," and gentrification—occurring in late 20th century Houston, Texas. This research also examines the neighborhood characteristics and demographic patterns that influence the occurrence of specific upgrading processes. One location of particular interest in the study is Houston's historic African American community of Freedmen's Town, which has experienced decades of conflict over land and space. Most recently, Freedmen's Town has been at the focus of Houston's urban revival, where physical upgrading has been accompanied by the displacement of the community's traditional population and the destruction of this historic neighborhood. 相似文献
8.
Ron Johnston 《Urban geography》2013,34(7):1064-1066
In this paper, we explore a “grassroots” neighborhood revitalization effort engendered at the national scale without regard to local geographies of race and class. Specifically, we examine the Harambee Great Neighborhood Initiative, convened by the well-known nonprofit Habitat for Humanity together with Milwaukee’s Local Initiatives Support Corporation, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Drawing from participant observation, analysis of print and digital media, volunteer surveys, and interviews with area residents and local nonprofit representatives, we demonstrate the ways in which the six-year program of planning and neighborhood development was conceived and driven by an extra-local nonprofit with significant blind spots to local and organizational politics of race and without sufficient collaboration with the Harambee community. Our analysis points to the importance of race in nonprofit governance and community revitalization efforts. Moreover, we contribute to urban geographic scholarship on nonprofit governance by examining the dynamics of privilege, inclusion, and exclusion as they relate to practices of engagement and volunteerism in nonlocal “grassroots” projects. 相似文献
9.
以杭州市为例,采用双重差分法研究城市更新对房地产市场的时空影响效应。研究结果发现： 城市更新在不同阶段对周边住宅价格产生的影响效应不同,项目建设和运营期分别对周边房价产生28.6%和32.0%的推升作用; 城市更新对周边住房价格的影响在空间上存在显著差异,对城市边缘区的提升作用比核心区高23.0%; 城市更新对周边房价影响随着距离增加显著降低,距离城市更新项目中心2.0 km以内、2.0~3.5 km范围对房价的推升作用分别为41.9%、24.9%和9.1%。最后建议政府完善房地产市场微观调控,建立完善长效机制。 相似文献
10.
Abstract This paper explores the dynamics behind the changing regimes of urban renewal and its social impacts in Taiwan. Before the 1980s, the state was willing to solely shoulder the job of urban renewal with a wholly supportive financial budget and land appropriation law, while in the 1990s it became financially overburdened due to its renewal policy. Around the year 2000, the state turned towards promoting urban regeneration as a key business model. Through this historical exposition, the Taiwanese story of state transformation in urban renewal policy brings two issues to the fore. The first issue is the learning process concerning the policy of public-private partnership (PPP) initiatives. Trans-border policy mobility connects and constitutes cities, such as Taipei, with other places, such as London, through visits and seminars attended by policy makers and experts. However, policy transferred from abroad is “localized” in the learning process and used to prioritize the regeneration of public lands in the urban area. The PPP model is transformed in the face of domestic political struggles. The second issue is the social exclusion as a result of property-led regeneration. Rather than playing the role of an impartial institutional moderator, the state privileged landowners and developers and sacrificed the rights of tenants to stay put. By doing so, the state secures political support from landowner-cum-citizens and initiates a political culture of property in which local citizenship is predicated on ownership. 相似文献
11.
《Urban geography》2013,34(2):118-129
This article explores the historical, economic, and social factors that shape the recent migration of middle-class Blacks to low-income, urban, Black neighborhoods. It focuses on the meanings associated with this pattern of Black gentrification and the extent to which this residential pattern is consistent with previous models of urban gentrification. Using three years of ethnographic data from a low-income neighborhood in Philadelphia that has experienced an increase in Black middle-class residents, I conclude that this pattern of neighborhood change is distinct from previous models of urban gentrification. In this article, I argue that Black gentrification represents a unique set of opportunities and constraints that produce a group of middleclass African Americans willing to invest their social, economic, and cultural capital into improving the quality of life for low-income Black neighborhoods and their residents. 相似文献
12.
城市更新是构建可持续城市和落实中国高质量发展战略的重要手段。为综合认知可持续城市更新时空演进路径和协同驱动机理,论文梳理了可持续城市更新研究概况,凝练其时空演进路径和区域差异,解析影响因素、驱动机理和典型空间响应模式,并从理论和政策维度进行研究展望。研究发现：① 可持续城市更新形成了从“发展瓶颈倒逼”到“可持续愿景牵引”的时空演进路径,同时在时序化进程、本地化过程与空间演进历程中表征出显著的区域差异性;② 综合地理环境影响可持续城市更新的空间模式,利益相关者决定可持续城市更新的组织模式,政府主导、市场主导和多元驱动等组织模式作用于不同时空尺度的功能空间形成了5类典型空间响应模式;③ 可持续城市更新未来研究需聚焦于全球可持续发展和国内高质量发展目标,定量厘清面向可持续城市更新的驱动因子、主控因素和协同机理,建立保障可持续城市发展的城市更新管控方法库与政策集。中国在实践中需要健全“国家—区域—城市”的多尺度管控制度,建立可持续目标导向的城市更新精细化管理系统,并完善多主体协同的城市更新参与机制。 相似文献
13.
苏州老城区衰退邻里居住满意度及影响因素 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
转型时期中国社会经济经历了巨大转型,居住分异加剧,新城市贫困现象在特定人群和空间集聚,老城衰退邻里就是其中之一。通过对苏州老城区6个典型社区的调查,发现老城区居民居住满意度存在环境类型、空间类型、更新类型和人群分异。居住满意度主要受住房条件、社区环境、配套设施和社会网络影响,其中城市历史社会空间结构奠定了城市环境质量的总体格局,具体设施条件受建成时间、维护水平、人口密度和更新机会的影响;城市更新、原住民比例下降和外来人口迁入导致的人口置换过程破坏了原本良好的社会网络,降低了居住满意度,减少了脱贫机会。从微观社区尺度研究老城衰退邻里的居住满意度及影响因素,不仅能加深对新城市贫困现象的理解,也有利于未来有针对性地制定城市更新规划和扶贫策略。 相似文献
14.
Theresa Enright 《Urban geography》2017,38(4):557-577
This article examines the relationship between political uprising and megaproject-based global city reform in Paris and London. On the one hand, it considers the banlieue uprisings in Paris in November 2005 as an impetus for the Grand Paris renewal initiative launched in April 2007. This is compared with the large-scale reformations of space across London in advance of the 2012 Olympics as a contributing factor in the riots of August 2011. In both of these cases there is an integral though indirect link between urban planning and resistance. Engaging with Marxist political theory and critical urban geography, I argue that uprisings and global city developments relate in a mutually constitutive fashion. I also locate the suburbs, broadly defined, as an important site of contemporary political antagonism. I use the concept of “political topology” to suggest that global city pursuits present a new mode of uneven development that has not yet been adequately met in thought or practice. The two cases are thus used to open up to a more general analysis of twenty-first-century urban politics. 相似文献
15.
城市功能空间更新研究进展与新时期重点方向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章首先基于西方城市更新发展历程，界定了城市功能更新的概念内涵，进而围绕城市功能更新背景与演替轨迹、城市功能更新类型与组织模式、城市更新空间模拟识别与评价、城市功能更新驱动机理与规划调控等国内外研究进展进行系统梳理，研究发现，城市功能更新趋势与经济社会发展水平、城市化所处阶段紧密相关，更新运作模式体现为政府、私有部门和社区等多元合作倾向，更新判定趋于多源数据融合辨识，更新策略的制定受政策调控力、经济驱动力、市场机制等多重因素叠加影响。基于此，伴随新时期中国城市发展转型调整，城市功能更新研究更加重视对更新实践的科学性认知、空间治理能力的精细化转向、治理理念的人本化回归，并主要聚焦城市功能更新理论体系与实操框架的构建、功能业态演替特征的精细考量、更新调控的因地施策等新时期研究热点。但既有研究主要从城市与区域宏观尺度上对单一功能类型的更新模式进行定性描述，对微观视阈下精细功能业态演替的多时相认知与客观评价仍显不足。为此，提出未来中国城市功能更新应重视加强微观空间尺度下功能业态更新模式的多维度量化解析研究；在研究方法上，应注重融入系统学研究思想及其综合方法。 相似文献
16.
《Urban geography》2013,34(2):169-174
This commentary critically engages with arguments made by Loïc Wacquant in his book Urban Outcasts on the nature of public discourse regarding concentrated urban poverty in the United States. In particular, it elaborates a critical reading of the international circulation of social-scientific analyses of urban poverty—in particular the concept of the "urban underclass"—which rose to prominence through research on Chicago neighborhoods. This concept has subsequently influenced scholarly and public policy approaches to characterizing and combating entrenched urban poverty and long-term unemployment in Europe, Asia, and elsewhere. I challenge the appropriateness of the concept as well as the direction of public policymaking that has downplayed, if not ignored, questions of job availability and job quality in urban areas. 相似文献
17.
《Urban geography》2013,34(7):656-670
Community gardens are widely recognized as an effective grassroots response to urban disinvestment and decay. There has been remarkably little attention paid, however, to the differences among community gardens as physical and social spaces. This paper suggests that variations among gardens reflect and reproduce differing interpretations of the meaning of both community and garden in the city. A comparative discussion of three community gardens in Minneapolis, Minnesota, highlights the concept that at the intersection of notions of community and garden are the issues of enclosure, inclusion and exclusion. Decisions about whether and how to enclose community gardens shape the role that community gardens play in urban neighborhoods. [Key words: community gardens, neighborhood revitalization, urban activism.] 相似文献
18.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):394-405
Collaborative urban governance has increased the role of community organizations in local decision-making processes. These organizations need financial resources in order to participate in urban governance. In this article, I examine the impact of foundation grants on the relationships and agendas of four community organizations in one neighborhood in St. Paul, Minnesota. Drawing on interviews, observations of organizations, and archival research, I demonstrate that in the 1990s, nonprofit foundations had a significant impact on the formation of new organizations and on their agendas in the neighborhood. Foundations are, therefore, an important player in urban governance, shaping a “neighborhood policy regime.” 相似文献
19.
建筑视角的中国城市更新研究——以兰州市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用高精度卫星影象和大规模实地调查方法获取原始数据,采用GIS手段和数理统计方法,利用建筑占地面积比例与建筑更新指数(BRI)指标,以兰州市为例对中国城市建筑更新及其相应视角的城市更新进行了的研究.结果表明:①兰州市建筑更新以拆毁重建为绝对主导方式,几乎所有地域、所有用途的建筑都在同步更新,且更新水平空间分布波动较大;而城市更新却主要采用了建筑群体整体快速更新方式,使城市迅速形成了新的建筑景观格局和建筑文化,冲击了传统文化体系,更新水平空间差异较大,这也是中国城市目前普遍采用的更新方式;②兰州城市更新显然与人口因素、经济因素与需求因素、土地快速升值、空间功能调整、政府财力迅速增加、开发区建设、旧城与"城中村"改造、大规模基础设施建设、"城中村"改造、1980年代以前建设的成片建筑的老化与陈旧、居民需求结构转变迅速、规划管理转变等因素有关. 相似文献
20.
Luke Drake 《Urban geography》2013,34(2):177-196
Community-produced spaces such as community gardens are attracting widespread scholarly interest for the potential of not only food production, but also for social, environmental, and educational benefits. Yet community gardens have also been scrutinized as sites of governmentality that produce neoliberal subjects. In this article, six case studies are analyzed as representative of three ways to organize and manage gardens—grassroots, externally-organized, and active nonprofit management. I use performativity theory to examine how definitions and enactments of community can be used to include, exclude, or bridge difference. The analysis highlights some of the specific moments in garden organizing and management that influence participation or resistance to community-oriented urban food production. 相似文献