共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
陕北黄土高原沟道小流域形态特征分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文就黄土高原不同地貌类型区的小流域进行了形态量计分析。并以河网密度为地表切割程度指标,建立了河网密度与流域形态要素的复相关方程式。 相似文献
2.
Bankfull width and morphological units in an alpine stream of the dolomites (Northern Italy) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This research examines variations in bankfull cross-sections along a steep stream of the Dolomites (Cordevole stream, Belluno, Northern Italy). Field measurements were conducted to determine variations in the channel top-width at bankfull stage in relation to the drainage area and to the length of the flow path. After grouping the bed morphologies according to the Montgomery and Buffington [Montgomery, D.R., Buffington, J.M., 1997. Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins. Geol. Soc. of Am. Bull. 109 (5) 596–611.] classification, we analyzed the increase in bankfull width for the dominant stream units (cascades, step pools, isolated pools and colluvial reaches at the head of the basin). We observed that the morphologies more related to the drainage area are colluvial reaches and pools; the less adaptable are steps and cascades. These differences likely result from the absence of lateral constriction in the colluvial reaches and pools, whereas the presence of coarser sediments in the bed can affect the transverse adjustments in steps and reaches dominated by cascades. Linkages between cross-section geometry and parameters related to flow (i.e. drainage area and stream power) have been analyzed together with the distribution of surface grain sizes and its coarsening pattern. The existence of distinctive bankfull widths between different morphological units points out the degree of susceptibility to be modeled according to the channel slope, reference diameter (D90), and contributing area. 相似文献
3.
The dynamics of sediment feeding into rift basins and the geomorphologic nature of source areas are critical elements in understanding the evolution of rifted basins. This study integrates seismic, well and geochronologic data on the western dipslope of the Raoyang Sag, a rift associated sub-basin to the larger Bohai Bay Basin of China to define the history of drainage development for the basin and to assess the sedimentologic response to drainage evolution events. In the Paleogene-age Lixian Slope, as indicated by paleo-drainage configuration, progradational seismic geometries, compositional maturity and zircon-tourmaline-rutile maturity index trends, three drainages; the paleo-Daqing River, paleo-Tang River and paleo-Dasha River drainages were feeding three closely spaced hanging wall deltaic depositional systems; Delta A fed from the northwest, Delta B fed from the west and Delta C fed from the southwest, respectively. From the late Eocene to early Oligocene, a decrease in sediment-flux into the hanging wall is documented and petrographic analysis is used to link these changes to stream-capture in the upstream catchment of the Daqing River. This change is coupled with morphologic changes in the geometries of Deltas A and C, both of which show decreasing deltaic areas, changes in lobe geometry and changes in distributary channel sizes. In addition, the progradational direction of Delta C changes from perpendicular-to-the-rift axis to prograding oblique-to-the-rift axis. It is apparent that the progradation and retrogradational changes in rift margin deltas do not happen in isolation, but such changes can affect growth and progradation direction in adjacent deltas. This work shows that the decrease in sediment-flux, caused by a drainage capture, will result in a decrease in distributary channel size and delta size and may result in upstream deltas taking advantage of such decreasing confinement to prograde more obliquely to the rift axis. 相似文献
4.
5.
内流河流域水资源利用对径流年际年内变化影响的分析——以塔里木河流域为例 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
以塔里木河流域为例,探讨了干旱区内流河流域近40年来,由于人口增长、灌溉面积扩大、河流水资源引用程度日益增加等原因所引起的河流径流多年变化及年内变化等水文效应及其变化的原因。 相似文献
6.
7.
长江第一弯成因及形成时代探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长江第一弯成因及形成时代关系到金沙江—长江水系的形成演化、西南纵向岭谷地理环 境演化、青藏高原隆升对周边环境的影响等重大科学问题, 故近百年来一直为学术界所关注。本 文通过综合考察、地貌和沉积物等的综合分析认为: 长江第一弯是在金沙江水系未曾溯源连通至 三江口段之前的古金沙江与古冲江河、水洛河的汇流口。长江在三江口袭夺了水洛河, 导致水洛 河倒流, 古金沙江与三江口下的长江贯通, 才形成真正的金沙江—长江水系。根据玉龙山强烈隆 起时间、周边层状地貌发育年代、中国水系大局形成等进行推断, 长江第一弯形成时代为中更新 世以来, 说明昆黄运动为本区构造地貌—水系发育的重大转型事件。 相似文献
8.
20世纪末的一次重大地理发现──雅鲁藏布江大峡谷为世界之最的论证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
雅鲁藏布江下游围绕喜马拉雅山东端最高峰南迦巴瓦峰（７７８２ｍ）作奇特的马蹄形大拐弯，连续的深切割在青藏高原东南斜面上，长达４９６．３ｋｍ，最深达５３８２ｍ，是世界上最大的峡谷。它的论证和被发现，是２０世纪末一次重大的地理发现。大峡谷是适应板块缝合构造带发育的构造谷，它还是南来水汽进入青藏高原的最大通道，它所造就的独特自然环境和地理景观，以及以生物和水力为主的丰富自然资源，是人类共同的财富。进行世界最大峡谷的地学、生物学理论与应用的系统研究，对大峡谷的开发、规划、永续利用提供科学依据，建立大峡谷自然保护区是当务之急。 相似文献
9.
20世纪末的一次重大地理发现──雅鲁藏布江大峡谷为世界之最的论证 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
雅鲁藏布江下游围绕喜马拉雅山东端最高峰南迦巴瓦峰(7782m)作奇特的马蹄形大拐弯,连续的深切割在青藏高原东南斜面上,长达496.3km,最深达5382m,是世界上最大的峡谷。它的论证和被发现,是20世纪末一次重大的地理发现。大峡谷是适应板块缝合构造带发育的构造谷,它还是南来水汽进入青藏高原的最大通道,它所造就的独特自然环境和地理景观,以及以生物和水力为主的丰富自然资源,是人类共同的财富。进行世界最大峡谷的地学、生物学理论与应用的系统研究,对大峡谷的开发、规划、永续利用提供科学依据,建立大峡谷自然保护区是当务之急。 相似文献
10.
The Milk River, the northernmost tributary to the Missouri–Mississippi River system, exhibits an anomalous sand-bed braiding reach in an otherwise meandering system. Shortly after leaving Alberta and entering Montana the river suddenly changes to braiding and maintains this pattern for 47 km before entering Fresno Reservoir. Measured stream gradient and bankfull discharge in the braiding reach severely fail the Leopold and Wolman [U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 282B (1957) 39] slope–discharge test for differentiating channel patterns. While channel slope has long been regarded as one of the primary variables associated with braiding, our data from the sand-bed Milk River do not support this relationship. Instead, the data show that the braiding reach has a lower channel slope (0.00047) than the meandering reach (0.00055). Coupled with a constant discharge the unit length stream power is comparable between the two reaches. At the morphologic transition between meandering and braiding, a dramatic reduction in channel bank strength occurs where the sampled silt–clay content declines from 65% in the meandering reach to 18% in the braiding. This enables channel widening which is reflected in a 60% reduction in unit area stream power in the braiding reach. Thus, sediment transport capacity declines and channel bars are deposited. During waning flows, these bars are dissected, producing a braiding morphology. We suggest that for sand-bed braiding rivers the silt–clay percentage in the channel banks may be more important than slope. A review of the original Leopold and Wolman [U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 282B (1957) 39] dataset, and many subsequent analyses, reveals that most braided rivers studied were gravel-bed. As a result, causal variables associated with braiding in sand-bed environments may need a thorough evaluation. 相似文献
11.
Expressing the rate of energy dissipation either within a basin or in a downstream manner is important in understanding occurrence and association between various morphological variables. This study focuses on the downstream variation in stream power and its relationship with morphological variates along the main channel of River Ona, Ibadan, Nigeria. River Ona stretches for 20.5 km downstream of Eleyele Dam. Twenty‐seven (27) points were sampled along this stretch. The 27 points were averaged into nine (9) reaches. At each cross‐section, channel characteristics were observed and measured. These include: width (W), depth (D), velocity (V), slope (S), Cross‐sectional area (A), discharge (Q), total stream power (TSP), specific stream power (SSP), width‐depth ratio (W/D), hydraulic radius (R) and wetted perimeter (P). This study confirmed that the influence of a dam present upstream of a river channel significantly alters the behaviour of slope and this in essence affects the distribution of energy along the river channel. Slope produces a logarithmic relationship with increasing distance downstream (Y = ‐32.79‐0.70InS, r = 0.70, r2 = 0.49, p < 0.05) while there was no significant relationship between Q and distance downstream. 相似文献
12.
H. Piegay A. Thevenet G.M. Kondolf & N. Landon 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2000,82(1):121-136
Potential fish habitat along the Drôme River, France, is a function of the distribution of large woody debris, boulders, undercut banks, gravel substrate, and pools. The distribution of these features is, in turn, a function of channel geomorphology, watershed and riparian forest characteristics. We conducted field work and analysed aerial photographs for 190 elementary segments of 500 m length along the Drôme River's 95 km course from the Alps westward to its confluence with the Rhône River near Loriol. The Drôme River does not follow the classic pattern of a monotone downstream decrease in gradient and change in channel characteristics. Although channel gradient, braided index and channel incision all decrease downstream, stream power is independent of longitudinal distance. These variables are largely controlled by geomorphic, human or hydrologic factors at the reach scale. Potential fish habitat richness decreases downstream, but individual habitat variables affecting habitat richness do not necessarily decrease downstream, many being controlled by local factors rather than by position along the continuum. Large woody debris is more abundant in braided reaches located directly downstream of confluences with main tributaries or downstream input sites. Boulders are most abundant downstream of failed bank protection works or in gorges. To improve fish habitat in the Drôme River, we recommend taking a long-term and large-scale perspective. Because structures placed in this unstable channel are likely to be washed downstream, we propose to emulate natural river dynamics and to permit large woody debris to enter the channel in unstable reaches via bank erosion, and that this debris not be removed (as is routinely done now) but permitted to migrate downstream through the system, creating fish habitat en route. 相似文献
13.
14.
Recent morphological evolution of the Lower Mississippi River 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study documents slope and stream power changes in the Lower Mississippi River during the pre-cutoff (1880s–1930s), and post-cutoff (1943–1992) periods. The study reach extends from New Madrid, MO, to Natchez, MS, a distance of about 900 km. Analyses for six major reaches and 13 sub-reaches for the pre- and post-cutoff periods indicate that the river presently has a much larger slope and stream power than prior to the cutoffs. The largest increases have occurred between Fulton, TN, and Lake Providence, LA, where slope and stream power increases range from about 27% to 36% and 20% to 38%, respectively. Increases in slope and stream power in reaches upstream and downstream have also occurred, but to a lesser degree. Previous investigations have shown that no coarsening of the bed material has occurred since 1932, and that the bed material may actually be somewhat finer overall. As the Lower Mississippi River is not a sediment-starved system, an increase in stream power with no change in D50 would be expected to be offset by an increase in the bed material load as the river adjusts towards equilibrium. Previous investigators have inferred a reduction in the sediment loads on the Mississippi River this century based on analyses of total measured suspended loads. However, these results should be viewed as primarily representing the changes in wash load and should not be taken to imply that bed material loads have also decreased. Therefore, the bed material loads in the study reach should be greater than in the pre-cutoff period. Excess stream power in the sub-reaches directly affected by cutoffs resulted in scour that increased downstream bed material load. These elevated sediment loads play a key role in driving morphological adjustments towards equilibrium in the post-cutoff channel. The stability status of the channel in the study reach currently ranges from dynamic equilibrium in the farthest upstream reaches through severe degradation to dynamic equilibrium in the middle reaches, and aggradation in the lowest reaches. These evolutionary trends cannot be explained by consideration of changes in slope and stream power alone. Changes in the incoming bed material load to each reach generated by upstream channel evolution must also be considered. 相似文献
15.
杨明 《云南地理环境研究》2000,12(1):88-92
怒江－萨尔温江发源于中国西藏自治区诏古拉山南麓吉热格柏,河源海拔高程６０９６ｍ,经西藏、云南、缅甸联邦入印度洋。境流程１３９２．４ｋｍ、流域面积１０３３３０ｋｍ＾２、因海拔高、气候严寒、人口稀少、林木茂盛,以牧业为主。云南境内干流长６２１ｋｍ,上段夹峙在高黎贡山和怒山之间,山高谷深、水流湍急惊涛拍岸,中段保展宽、有上江、芒宽、道街等宽谷,下段又进入狭谷。入缅甸联邦后,行程１６６０ｋｍ,纵贯掸邦高原 相似文献
16.
黄河下游河道输沙功能的时间变化及其原因 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
以输出某一河道的泥沙总量与进入这一河道的泥沙量之比来定义河道输沙功能,以此为指标研究了黄河下游输沙功能的时间变化。研究表明,近50年来黄河下游河道输沙功能表现出随时间而减小的明显趋势。在总的减小趋势中,由于水库运用方式与下游水沙组合的不同,河道输沙功能指标具有明显的差异,可以划分为6个阶段。19861997年,由于降水偏少,且人类大量引水,黄河下游进入连续枯水的水文系列,河道萎缩,输沙功能迅速降低,此时段中输沙功能指标的时段平均值为0.62,为有水沙记录以来最低的时期。对于黄河下游输沙功能指标与流域因子和河道特性因子的时间变化系列进行了比较,以揭示输沙功能减小的原因。结果表明,黄河下游河道输沙功能指标与流域平均年降水量、兰州站和三门峡站汛期径流占年径流百分比、游荡段典型断面平滩水位下断面面积、花园口站和高村站水面比降等因子有同步减小的关系,并随流域水土保持面积、人类引水量及其占天然径流量比率的增大而增大,说明这些因子的变化导致了黄河下游输沙功能的减弱。 相似文献
17.
Christopher J. Woltemade 《The Professional geographer》2017,69(2):177-190
Stream temperatures are critical to coldwater fish and vary with microclimate, geomorphology, and hydrology, including influx of groundwater. Spatial variability of stream temperatures was examined at reach and watershed scales within the 816 km2 Navarro River watershed in California. Field monitoring and numerical modeling illustrate that stream temperatures were highest at sites with high solar incidence (low shading and wide streams), long travel times, and low discharge. Microclimate helps explain deviation from the general pattern of streams warming with increasing drainage area. Reach-scale field observations of channel width and groundwater influx explain variation in stream temperatures not captured by watershed-scale models. 相似文献
18.
大尺度分布式水文模型数字流域提取方法研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
构建大尺度分布式水文模型是当前大气水文模型耦合研究的一项重要内容。本文介绍一 种根据1km DEM 生成更大网格尺度DEM 数据, 同时可以保持流域河网信息并减缓高程、坡度 等地貌参数信息量衰减速度的有效方法———ZB算法。利用该方法和常规的网格平均法生成黄河 唐乃亥以上流域的5km、10km、15km 和20km 两套DEM 数据, 分别提取高程、坡度、地形指数、河 网密度、主河道长度、流域面积等流域特征参数, 并与1km DEM 提取的上述参数进行比较, 对两 种方法作出评价。结果显示, 随着网格尺度的增大, ZB 算法获得的DEM 数据可以保持河网的连 续性, 提取出合理的流域范围, 减缓地形信息量的衰减速度。该方法满足构建大尺度分布式水文 模型提取数字流域的需要。 相似文献
19.
珠江流域经济带源头山区生态环境与经济协调发展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
珠江流域经济带是我国南方地区唯一一条正在隆起的东西向经济长带，其源头山区是我国三大流域经济带中唯一能达到的源头，也是唯一适合发展的源头。本文从保护珠江源山区生态环境的角度出发，通过实地详尽调查，系统分析了源头山区生态环境与经济协调发展优势与机遇，把珠江源头山区总体定位为珠江流域经济带新的经济增长点，云南省优质资源产业化基地，云南省重要的能源生产基地和烤烟生产基地，滇东地区最重要的交通枢纽和最具吸引力的生态旅游休闲胜地之一，突出发挥珠江流域经济带东西部工业合作发展示范基地的功能、绿色农业产业化示范生产加工基地的功能、珠江源生态旅游休闲胜地功能、交通枢纽服务功能和国家可持续发展示范的综合示范功能。提示了农业富区－推进高效生态农业产业化、工业强区－加速实现城乡生态工业化、旅游活区－大力发展生态旅游业和生态保区－建设国家级生态自然保护区的基本发展思路。 相似文献
20.
黄河北流河道变迁与史前的灾害事件 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
水利史的研究已经证实,历史上黄河北流的河道以禹贡河为北界,以现行河道为南界,在这一区域内摆动迁徙。黄河北流从未进入河北平原的中-西部的白洋淀流域区。造成河道这种演化特点的主要原因是河北平原基底活动构造等因素的影响。除此之外,另一个尚未探索的原因是远古时代河北平原曾发生过一次规模宏大的陨石雨撞击灾害。撞击的结果壅塞了当时黄河下游河道,形成了白洋淀流域区,最终促成了北流河道演化的基本格局。文章最后推测这一史前的天文-地质灾害可能是"女娲补天,大禹治水"等神话的事实基础。 相似文献