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1.
在3个典型的外国人聚居区——北京望京韩国人聚居区、上海古北日本人聚居区、广州小北非洲人聚居区的实证研究基础上,探讨不同移民群体的城市选择偏好,以及移民群体和城市之间的互动关系。研究发现,在京韩国人以企业、商贸、教育指向型居多,在沪日本人以企业指向型为主,在穗非洲人以贸易指向型为主,这一特征说明北上广不同的城市职能差异;北上广的外国人聚居区均形成于相似的宏观制度环境,生产活动的全球性重组、国家间关系、国家制度和外国人管理政策等因素共同影响了外国人聚居区在大城市的兴起,但由于不同的城市软硬件环境与在华外国人的身份属性互动影响,也形成了各具特色的外国人聚居区,概括为耦合型（北京望京）、特区型（上海古北）和族裔型（广州小北）。中国城市的国际化已进入引资（资本国际化）和引人（人口国际化）并进的新阶段,应当进一步重视对大城市外国人聚居区的治理及服务的引导、规范,发挥其示范带动作用,推动中国对外开放深度高质量发展。 相似文献
2.
Rosina Badwi Ragnhild Overå 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2018,72(1):27-36
Whereas refugees and larger immigrant groups’ integration in the Norwegian labour market has received considerable research attention, less is known about the labour market integration of small, non-refugee immigrant groups from West African countries such as Ghana. The purpose of the article is to examine the role of social networks and social identities for the differentiated labour market integration outcomes among Ghanaian immigrants in the city of Bergen. Based on data produced through in-depth interviews, participant observation and informal conversations, the authors argue that Ghanaian immigrants’ ability to obtain jobs is determined by more than simply having the appropriate educational and language qualifications, and largely depends on having favourable social identities and being embedded in social networks beyond the Ghanaian immigrant community. They find that those who mainly relied on Ghanaian networks found it difficult to circumvent labour market hindrances and they predominantly obtained menial jobs. The authors conclude that Norwegian job-seekers networks played a crucial role in the immigrants’ opportunities and for potential Norwegian employers’ perception of their employability, especially in professional and semi-professional jobs. 相似文献
3.
Oman is a major recipient of South Asian labor immigrants, and correspondingly, the demographic statistics reveal that the non-Omani populations primarily are constituted of the Asians. This research examines whether the largest immigrant groups (Indian, Bangladesh, Pakistani and Sri Lankan) in Oman form residential clusters according to their work skills (higher and lower skills). The residential geographies of South Asian workers at the subnational administrative boundaries have been investigated in the current study. Empirically, the study employs the use of Location Quotients (LQ) and Entropy Index within the GIS environment to spatially analyze the immigrant residential distributions based on their work skills. Interestingly, the findings of this research confirm the primary influence of geography on the residential patterns of the low-skilled immigrants. Initially, Al-Batnah governorates constituted the main destinations of low-skilled Bangladeshis. Further, the research also highlights significant clusters of Indian and Pakistani high-skilled immigrants in urban residential communities within the Muscat governorate. In addition, the South Asian are found to be a relatively constant stream of immigrants to inhabit the Omani urban areas, with employments in various public and private economic sectors (e.g. educational, health, manufacturing, finance, business etc.). This concentration pattern of low skilled immigrants is attributable to the need to labor shortages of native populations in certain jobs. The research results also indicate that the rural and suburban communities of Al-Batnah coastal plain not only have a greater number of low skilled immigrants but also display equitable distributions of the four South Asian groups in the residential settlements. For policy makers, it is imperative to understand the spatial patterns of low and high-skilled immigrants in Oman, which exert several geographic, economic, social and demographic implications. The significant role of immigration in development necessitates the identification of the predominant destinations for immigrants. It has been observed that the immigrants are crucial to several sectors of Omani urban economy, and urban areas with a large number of immigrants are more likely to grow and expand faster. In addition, the immigrants’ laborers offer potential economic benefits to the host country, which include fostering entrepreneurial activities, small businesses and reducing wages, especially in unskilled jobs. Despite the negative impacts of immigration (e.g. losing national cultural and creating socio-spatial segregation), the diverse and distinctive locational patterns of immigrant groups in Oman contribute crucially to the socioeconomic development and immigration policy. Yet understanding of the spatial dynamics of immigration in structuring the Omani regions and its influences remains very limited. Thus, further research accounting for the different spatial and attribute ancillary data is necessitated. 相似文献
4.
Mexican and Central American immigrant communities in the boom and bust housing markets of the 2000s
Molly M. Scott 《Urban geography》2013,34(1):29-43
Classic immigrant enclaves, largely voluntary and temporary, have historically served as a strong platform for integration in United States metropolitan areas. However, trends in the early 2000s, including new destinations and skyrocketing housing costs, may have reshaped the landscape, particularly for numerically dominant immigrant groups with very low socioeconomic status. In this article, I use data for 56 metropolitan areas and 31,563 census tracts from the 2000 Census and the 2005–2009 American Community Survey to examine the relationship between the change in concentration of Mexican and Central American immigrants and the characteristics of neighborhoods in 2000. The analyses suggest that, across metropolitan areas, these immigrant communities consolidated in neighborhoods with low home values, adequate but overcrowded housing, relatively small shares of their own immigrant group, and large shares of other Hispanics. Demographic dynamics may have weakened immigrant support networks, leaving Mexican and Central American immigrants vulnerable, particularly in a subset of metropolitan areas where this population grew most substantially outside the central cities. 相似文献
5.
The Goutte d'Or neighborhood of Paris has long been seen as an impoverished yet colorful quarter of the city. In recent years, it has also developed a reputation as a center for immigrants. Three populations now share the neighborhood: the European French, the Maghrebi immigrant population and their children, and the newest population of migrants from former Francophone colonies. This paper examines how the Goutte d'Or's social and ethnic identity is revealed in the built environment and in its social and economic activity. This neighborhood demonstrates how different communities and place identities coexist. It also shows how global networks of migration, exchange, and visits infuse local places. The Goutte d'Or distills many aspects of French immigrant identities, providing an example for increasing numbers of immigrant neighborhoods in France and across the world. 相似文献
6.
《Urban geography》2013,34(7):591-621
Significant ethnic minority business growth has occurred in the United States in the post-World War II period. The self-employment pattern of ethnic minority business, particularly the success of Asian-immigrant small business, is currently explained by two different hypotheses: the social resources explanation and the class resources explanation. While the former approach attributes the large number of small business enterprises and their success to the existence of such social resources as rotating credit associations, a protected market, and a labor source within Asian American communities, the latter argues that success instead is caused by greater investment of human and financial capital by these immigrants. The present study compares the self-employment pattern of the restaurant industry operated by African Americans and immigrant Chinese in Denver. Contrasts and similarities in ownership characteristics, start-up capital, location, soical networks, and economic significance prompted this study to conclude that alone neither explanation is satisfactory and more empirical studies are needed. 相似文献
7.
Since the inception of Operation Gatekeeper along the U.S.–Mexico border, there has been an increase in environmental impacts on the Cleveland National Forest, in eastern San Diego County, California. This is almost certainly due to an increase in the number of undocumented immigrants using the area as a gateway to the interior of the United States. In this research, we use the tools of geographic information systems (GIS) to measure the scope and extent of this impact, focusing on the creation of illegal trails and the impact of illegal campsites and campfires on the environment of the Descanso Ranger District within the national forest. Our findings suggest that between the start of Operation Gatekeeper in late 1994 and the end of the study period in 1999, there were 772 meters of new trail created per 1,000 unauthorized immigrants, accompanied by 656 square meters of area disturbed per 1,000 immigrants, fifty kilograms of litter left behind per 1,000 immigrants, eleven illegal campfires per 1,000 immigrants, and 1.7 hectares burned by wildfires attributed to illegal immigrants. 相似文献
8.
Ivana Přidalová Jiří Hasman 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2018,118(1):72-87
The spatial distribution of immigrant groups is a more relevant topic now than ever before. While the study of this topic has a long tradition in the “traditional” immigration countries, it is rare in the very different context of Central and Eastern Europe, especially at the level of metropolitan areas. This study aims to address this gap by providing an analysis of the spatial distribution of various immigrant groups (defined by country of citizenship) in 17 Czech metropolitan areas, and its determinants. First, we characterize the specific situation of the Czech immigration system. Then we use cluster analysis to create a typology of neighbourhoods and compare the distribution of immigrant groups in each type of neighbourhood. Finally, we use regression analysis to examine which characteristics of the local environment are connected to concentrations of different immigrant groups. We show that the presence of foreigners remains associated with core urban areas. Some predominantly Western citizens act as gentrifiers, being associated with spacious pre-war apartments in prestigious inner-city areas, but there are also signs of suburbanization among more well-off immigrants to Czech metropolitan areas. We identify little evidence of ghettoization of immigrants into socially excluded areas. 相似文献
9.
在华外国人社会融合的现状与问题 ——以在沪日本人为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着中国经济的快速发展与对外开放程度的提高,在华外国人持续流入中国,探讨在华外国人社会融合问题的重要性凸显。本研究以在沪日本人为例,通过问卷调查和半结构化访谈方法,探讨了在华外国人在就业,住房,日常消费行为如购物、饮食、医疗、教育、娱乐、交通等方面的融合状况和满意度情况。研究发现,由于在沪日本人主要进入以日企或同胞为对象的外国人劳动力市场,倾向于聚居在日本人聚居区,日常消费方面高度依赖日本人族裔经济等,导致他们的工作和生活基本都局限在自我构建的封闭的当地日本人社会中。在沪日本人的社会融合程度普遍不高,这也成为今后改善移民管治、促进移民社会融合和城市国际化发展的重要课题。 相似文献
10.
Immigrant–native segregation is present in the spaces in which individuals from different ethnic/racial groups practice their everyday lives; interact with others and develop their ethnic, social and spatial networks. The overwhelming majority of academic research on immigrant segregation has focused on the residential domain, thus largely overlooking other arenas of daily interaction. The present study contributes to the emerging literature on immigrant residential and workplace segregation by examining changes in patterns of residential and workplace segregation over time. We draw our data from the Stockholm metropolitan region, Sweden’s main port of entry for immigrants. The results suggest a close association between residential and workplace segregation. Immigrant groups that are more segregated at home are also more segregated in workplace neighborhoods. More importantly, we found that a changing segregation level in one domain tends to involve a similar trend in the other domain. 相似文献
11.
广州法系群体的日常生活与地方认同研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
“流动中国”的社会新常态使中国成为观察和总结非西方背景下的国际流动人口研究的重要试验地。近年来,广州承担世界城市的角色和功能不断深化,吸引大批外籍人士迁入。其中,法系群体虽然是广州的传统国际流动人口,但当前研究尚未给予充分关注。通过问卷调查和半结构化访谈等方法,对居住在广州市的法系群体的日常生活和地方认同进行研究。研究表明,法系群体在经济层面的效能感和获得感较积极,但由于语言的差异和生活配套服务的不便,该群体在社会文化层面对广州的地方认同产生了消极影响。相对在穗日韩流动人口,法系群体的融入意愿普遍较高,被动融入本土社会的驱动力较强。在从“英语世界主导的全球化”向“面向多元文化服务的全球化”的转型过程中,为来自非英语国家的国际流动人口提供更贴切的生产和生活服务,增强国际流动人口对于迁入地的地方认同,是学界和社会未来需要共同探索的方向。 相似文献
12.
基于2003—2018年长三角地区跨国、跨区以及区内企业异地投资数据,融合社会网络分析、面板向量自回归模型和地理加权回归模型等方法,探究长三角地区多尺度城市网络空间演化及其动态互馈效应。结果表明：① 全球、全国和区域尺度城市网络分别处于初步发展、稳步发展和完善发展阶段,各尺度网络均呈现出区域化倾向,以沪宁合杭甬发展廊道为支撑的网络空间结构正在形成。② 城市的全球与全国功能联系之间存在相互促进的关系;城市的区域功能联系提升能够促使其融入全球和全国尺度城市网络,反之,城市的全球与全国功能联系提升却未能促进其进一步融入长三角内部城市网络,融入全球尺度城市网络甚至对城市的区域功能联系产生显著的抑制作用。此外,多尺度城市网络互馈效应具有明显的空间异质性,并与区域经济发展格局相耦合。 相似文献
13.
中国城市网络研究评述与展望 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
现有研究采用多元化的数据和方法构建并分析城市网络,揭示不同空间尺度下中国城市网络的特征和形成机制。中国城市网络研究的贡献体现在以下4个方面：① 以中国为背景的多尺度城市网络分析对世界城市网络研究具有重要启发;② 强调国家和区域背景,避免了欧美中心论的全球化观点;③ 采用新颖的数据和视角构建城市网络,推动了世界城市网络研究的进展;④ 增强了国内地理学界对城市网络和外部联系视角的重视,促进了学科发展。同时,当前中国城市网络研究也面临挑战。一方面,大量研究主要着力于城市网络的可视化和描述性分析,机制分析薄弱,理论创新不足;另一方面,当前研究的数据和方法日益趋同,迫切需要新的研究视角。未来需要加强方法和理论创新,深化机制和影响研究,并提高研究的政策相关性。 相似文献
14.
移民创业活动是经济地理学研究中一个重要主题。创业是一种经济活动,但不同群体的创业活动蕴含着不同文化内涵和行为选择。移民创业的研究是解读移民群体社会与文化形成的一个关键的维度。移民群体具有明显的边界,其内部的空间秩序、社会网络、族裔文化以及共同的身份认同都是值得探讨话题,因此学界对移民创业活动给予了持续的关注。移民活动日益频繁,所涉及的行业地域日益扩大,对移民创业群体的研究有利于促进区域经济发展、了解全球政治网络,沟通地理学与社会学和经济学的研究融合,是经济地理学研究中值得关注的问题。本文基于Citespace软件,运用文献分析法,从国际移民创业概念内涵阐述、研究动态、研究前沿及演变、未来研究可能四个方面出发,阐述移民创业研究的历史脉络及进展。研究发现美国和英国在移民创业中占有重要地位。区域创业环境是研究者们主要关注的话题,与创业联系最为紧密的是绩效（0.28）、自雇佣（0.17）和组织（0.17）等关键词研究。全球化趋势不可逆转,跨国主义日趋强盛,未来关于移民及移民创业的研究大有可期。 相似文献
15.
以超大城市深圳为例,基于1 800多份上步村外来人口调查问卷数据,分析超大城市城中村外来人口的社区归属感和城市归属感,探讨外来人口归属感强弱的影响因素。研究发现:城中村42%的外来人口对城中村和城市有归属感,归属感强弱的群体特征差异明显。回归结果表明:年龄、受教育水平、来深圳年数、自我评价、职业、居住条件、房东评价、邻里关系、歧视情况、安全性评价、社区设施评价和社区工作站是否提供了帮助等个体因素、社区因素和居住环境因素均显著影响城中村外来人口的社区归属感和城市归属感。城市管理者和政策制定者需要改进服务方式和制定相应政策增强外来人口的归属感,使他们真正融入城市生活。 相似文献
16.
Jacqueline Clements 《The Australian geographer》2018,49(4):537-552
ABSTRACTLimitations in scale, infrastructure and business opportunities in combination with a greater sense of community in small centres require a more diverse understanding of the small city creative economy. Entrepreneurship and business development builds on non-capitalist resources, creative community initiatives, volunteers and community networks. Fostering the creative economy in small cities requires a rethinking of creative narratives that iterate the key role of non-capitalist community resources. I illustrate this argument via a case study of the Blue Mountains Music Festival, in New South Wales, Australia. It examines the gap between creative economy aspirations of a small city government and the reality of creativity ‘on the ground’. The City of the Blue Mountains is a small urban centre on the fringes of metropolitan Sydney and regional New South Wales. Its council has recently adopted a creative industries approach to enhance local employment in line with national and metropolitan creative agendas. The Blue Mountains Music Festival was launched in response to creative economy policy more than 20 years ago, but has now lost this connection as it fails to fit current policy aspirations. The festival is, however, an effective example of how creativity in a small city unfolds, demonstrating that beyond jobs and growth are key matters of non-capitalist community networks and resources. 相似文献
17.
2004-2008年北京城区商业网点空间分布与集聚特征 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
本文以北京城区内的8 个行政区作为研究对象,选取批发和零售业、住宿和餐饮业、居民服务与其他服务业作为具体的商业类别,利用北京第一次、第二次全国经济普查数据,采用核密度(Kernel)、标准差椭圆、Ripley's K(r)函数相结合的GIS 点模式分析方法,对比研究了2004 年和2008 年北京市商业网点分布与空间集聚特征。研究结果表明:① 北京商业网点呈现相对集中分布态势,具有向心性并形成明显的集聚区,集聚中心主要分布在五环内,且在两次普查期间有所改变,商业网点空间偏向性差异明显;② 以CBD、金融街、王府井、中关村、亚运村和奥运村等为代表的典型商圈对北京商业网点的布局影响十分显著,商业网点在典型商圈周围分布密度较高,呈现集聚中心状态;③ 北京商业网点Ripley's K(r)曲线随距离的变化总体呈现“先增后减”态势,其中受居民小区影响较大的居民服务与其他服务业网点两次普查期间变化剧烈,反映了居民由市中心向外扩散的过程。 相似文献
18.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):78-81
Abstract The recent publication of an expansive national dataset, the Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample, allows for new analyses of the historical geography and settlement of various immigrant and ethnic groups in the United States. The present research explores the growth, development, and geographic dispersion of the ethnic Mexican population, and outlines some of the demographic and social characteristics within significant clusters of this population in the United States across the first half of the twentieth century. The analysis does not attempt to overturn other geographies and ethnographies in Mexican American history, but through its ability to elucidate broad, national patterns it is able to create a more dynamic view of settlement, demonstrating the role of immigrants and of women immigrants in particular. Results indicate that place matters: the geographical context of arrival and settlement were key factors in differentiating communities and the lives of those who lived in them. 相似文献
19.
朝鲜族的跨国迁移,一直是研究朝鲜族人口流动的重要部分。选择延吉市烟集街内的餐饮商户为研究对象,以问卷调查和深入访谈的方法,针对该区域内跨国迁移的朝鲜族商户进行研究,通过实际案例解析,得到以下结论:朝鲜族的跨国迁移以经济需求为主导因素,归国创业则是亲情、乡愁、婚姻等社会网络的综合作用,并由此提高移民迁出地的社会空间的消费需求和经济增长,丰富了移民迁出地的餐饮方式和消费文化,为打造多元化社会景观和社会空间提供了基础。 相似文献
20.
《Urban geography》2013,34(7):613-631
Intrametropolitan locations of Korean businesses in the Chicago area are examined in terms of the ethnicity of their major customers: ethnic customers, inner-city minority customers, and White middle-class customers. The study reveals that Korean-owned stores providing important ethnic goods or services are spatially concentrated in Koreatown along Lawrence and Lincoln Avenues and in the northwestern suburbs. Korean businesses that serve inner-city minority customers are located mainly in southside Chicago, providing important necessities such as clothing, shoes, beauty supplies, and general merchandise. Uniquely, Korean entrepreneurs overwhelmingly dominate the dry cleaning business, which serves the White middle-class population and is thus scattered around the entire metropolitan area. Korean entrepreneurs' unusual market diversity comes from their effective utilization of ethnic resources and their unique linkage with the export-oriented home-country economy in the 1970s and 1980s. As a whole, their entrepreneurship has demonstrated the dynamic and complex nature of immigrant businesses in major American cities. 相似文献