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1.
This paper reflects on collaborative landscape research conducted in Reunion Island, an outermost region of the European Union. On this 2,500 km2 tropical island also considered a major international biodiversity hotspot, land-use planners must address important challenges, especially growing population densities and urban sprawl that cause important pressure on agricultural land and natural ecosystems. While progress has been made towards land-use zoning and planning at the island scale, entrenched interests and a lack of communication between the agricultural, urban and environmental sectors continue to hinder the design and implementation of integrated land-use plans at the local level. This paper presents an approach to territorial foresight where urban development scenarios and spatial models were co-constructed with a collective of institutional actors in order to facilitate dialogue on future urbanization patterns and impacts on landscapes. It describes how spatially explicit models and simulations of urban development, first used as demonstrators, have raised individual interests and expectations and facilitated the structuring of a collaborative research network. Models and scenarios were then questioned, redesigned collectively and used as boundary objects to facilitate a shift away from statistical and sectorial readings towards more territorialized and integrated perspectives. Analysing inputs, reactions and feedback from the actors involved in the research, this paper discusses the role and potential value of landscape modelling and simulation in mediating debates among planning stakeholders and creating social learning situations. 相似文献
2.
以宁蒙沿黄地带为案例,基于城镇用地和最小交通时间成本划分城市影响区,分区统计影响区人口,将其与城市行政区非农人口的增速差进行统计分析。结果表明：基于城镇用地和最小交通时间成本的城市影响区划分边界更接近于行政区界;考虑城镇用地后大城市影响区扩展,考虑最小交通时间成本后小城市影响区相对扩展;以东胜区-伊旗为中心的地区非农人口增速始终显著高于潜在服务人口增速,这类城市应增强对周边县的扩散作用;以大武口-惠农区为中心的地区非农人口增速始终显著低于潜在服务人口增速,这类城市应加速产业与非农人口集聚。 相似文献
3.
模拟退火算法用于产生城市土地空间布局方案 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文发展了一种模拟退火算法辅助产生城市土地空间布局方案。首先建立了城市土地空间配置问题的数学模型 ,目标函数是最小化土地开发费用、最大化不同功能地块间的空间协调性。由于问题存在的诸多空间约束条件使得可行的土地利用布局方案的搜寻过程变得十分缓慢 ,采用了将一些空间约束条件结合到目标函数中的方法 ,如结合了距离约束、方向约束、相同土地利用单元的邻近约束和地块形状的紧凑约束等约束条件。应用于湖南省长沙市暮云工业区用地规划的结果表明 ,模拟退火算法是一种辅助城市土地利用规划的有用的、有潜力的优化方法 相似文献
4.
通过对日本网络型紧凑城市规划的发展机制、发展政策和代表性案例--富山市和宇都宫市的探讨，归纳总结了日本中央和地方城市政府的收缩城市规划战略政策和空间重构规划方案，借此为陷入收缩境况的中国城市在战略取向和空间重构方面提出有益启示：1）勇于接纳和面对人口减少和城市收缩这一客观事实，积极采取激活城市收缩所带来的机遇的适应性战略，而不是采取促使人口再度增加的应对性战略；2）充分考虑人口减少和老龄化社会并存的城市收缩时代特征，通过城市功能集聚的“据点化”战略和公共交通系统主导的“网络化”战略，构建多中心连接的网络型紧凑城市空间结构；3）根据人口数量变化预测结果，动态地推动城市规模的精明收缩，开展匹配存量规划或减量规划的规模适当化规划。 相似文献
5.
Manja H. Andreasen Jytte Agergaard Robert B. Kiunsi Ally H. Namangaya 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2017,117(2):93-104
AbstractUrban growth is a significant trend in Africa. Scholarly attention and urban planning efforts have focused disproportionately on the challenges of big cities, while small and medium-sized urban settlements are growing most rapidly and house the majority of urban residents. Small towns have received some attention, but very few studies have focused on secondary cities. This paper offers a study of urban transformations, migration and residential mobility patterns in Arusha, a rapidly growing secondary city of Tanzania. Arusha functions as a major attraction for migrants and in-migration is a central dynamic shaping transformation processes in central areas characterized by high population turnovers, vibrant rental markets and widespread landlordism. There is also a considerable degree of intra-urban residential mobility within and between central areas. Intra-urban residential mobility is the most important dynamic shaping transformation processes in peripheral areas characterized by long-term urban residents moving from central parts of the city as part of a process of establishing themselves as homeowners. Overall, the paper provides crucial insights on how migration and residential mobility patterns influence processes of urban growth and transformation in the context of large secondary city, and thereby contributes to fill a significant knowledge gap on secondary cities in Africa. 相似文献
6.
面向城市社区规划的参与式感知与计算——概念模型与技术框架 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
科学准确地感知社区居民参与现状、诊断存在问题,及时广泛地了解社区居民需求与诉求,对于提升新形势下社区居民参与城市社区规划的能力与水平意义重大。借助网络和移动设备等技术手段,采取以人为主体的参与式感知方式获取数据,可实时感知和分析居民的情感、行为和所处的环境,进而提高社区居民参与的广泛性和时效性。国内外该领域的研究刚刚起步,对面向城市社区规划的参与式感知与计算尚缺乏系统深入的机理探索和方法研究。本文针对中国城市社区规划的实际需求,构建了面向城市社区规划的参与式感知与计算概念模型,提出实现参与式感知与计算的技术框架,并探讨其中涉及的具体技术研究内容。本研究将深化面向城市社区的参与式感知与计算的相关理论与方法研究,为城市社区规划的公众参与和科学评估提供新思路、新方法。 相似文献
7.
Participatory slum upgrading as a disjunctive process in Recife,Brazil: Urban coproduction and the absent ground of the city 
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下载免费PDF全文 Pieter de Vries 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(3):295-309
This article engages with the coproduction of urban space by focusing on a slum upgrading project in Recife, Brazil. It argues that the urban situation is essentially inconsistent, unpredictable and unstable. It documents the history of urban planning in Recife, paying special attention to the coexistence of two different planning traditions, one aimed at what city planners call the informal city, which is participatory, bottom up and democratic, yet susceptible to be corrupted by political clientelism, and another aimed at the formal city, which is ‘strategic’, top down, technocratic and neoliberal. It argues that the informal/formal binary operates as a disjunctive synthesis that separates social actors rather than connecting them and provides the coordinates within which processes of coproduction take place. The disjunctive synthesis renders possible all sorts of fantastic imaginations that both disavow and reveal the missing ground of the city. Community leaders play a central role in the coproduction of urban space and function as the symptom of this absent ground. The article concludes that participatory urban development interventions aiming to curtail the role of community leaders end up as veritable tyrannies of participation, which should be seen as evidence of the disjointed character of planning rather than as forms of effective governmentality. 相似文献
8.
广州城市郊区化的进程及动力机制 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：29
随着城市经济社会的发展，我国一些大城市出现了郊区化的初步征兆，开展了郊区化研究有着重要的理论和实际两个方面的意义。广州是我国少数几个已开始进入城市郊区化阶段的大城市之一。本文分析该市郊区化的进程及动力机制，并提出调控对策。 相似文献
9.
Cities are centers of economic, social, and political change, and urban planning is a process responding to and guiding urban change and development. In the Maoist era and under the influence of socialist ideology, China limited urbanization while promoting industrialization, and urban planning served as an instrument for socialist construction. Since the reform of the late 1970s, Chinese cities have experienced unprecedented growth and restructuring. However, the gradualist, exploratory reform—exemplified by Deng Xiaoping’s slogan “crossing the river by feeling the stones”—makes Chinese cities constantly change without clear directions for future development. This paper uses Beijing as a case study to analyze changing institutional and global contexts underlying the transformation of Chinese cities, and planners’ responses and dilemmas in making plans and implementing them. We found that market reforms, rapid growth, and dramatic change make urban master plans quickly out of date, forcing Chinese planners to frequently revise these master plans. We also found that the content of urban master planning in China has broadened from physical planning, and Chinese planning has adapted to market reform through utilizing concepts of visioning, flexibility, and governance. Increasingly what we call a “hybrid” form of planning is arising in which global concepts and Chinese ideas interweave in order to direct the shape and form of the Chinese metropolis. 相似文献
10.
用地布局一直是城市总体规划中的关键难题,以往的规划方案多凭借规划师的经验判断、简单的图层叠加和有限的公众参与生成。然而新的城乡规划法要求从多角度综合考虑城乡用地布局问题,更加注重规划过程的科学性和准确性,也就特别需要有一种适应多情景分析下的城市用地布局模拟与方案评价方法。文章以江苏省太仓市为例,借助GIS技术的强大空间分析功能,探讨了这种方法的技术流程：① 参考已有的大尺度城市未来模型,结合我国特别是研究区的区域特点,构建一个实用的城市未来模型(Urban Future Model,UFM);② 通过用地评价、战略归纳、情景模拟等步骤,生成若干个可选的用地布局模拟方案;③ 应用多目标达成矩阵法从粮食、生态、灾害等多个角度对这些方案进行综合评价,并根据评价结果选择一个最佳方案作为本轮总规用地布局的规划参考方案。 相似文献
11.
基于约束性CA方法的北京城市形态情景分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
约束性元胞自动机(Constrained cellular automata,Constrained CA) 在模拟城市增长方面已有诸多实践,已有文献常利用各种反映土地利用需要、区位影响、管理制度等的政策参数,设定不同的城市空间发展情景以反映未来的城市形态。在基于约束性CA进行城市形态情景分析时,以各种政策参数作为情景条件的研究实例较多。而在中国的城市规划实践中,城市规划用于建设管理的审批,对应明确的城市形态,因而如何利用城市形态作为情景条件分析所需政策,也有实践意义,可以解决一些广为关注的重要问题,例如已有的发展政策是否与期望的城市形态相匹配,不同规划方案所需采取的政策有什么区别等。本文提出了以城市形态作为情景条件(即形态情景分析) 的新方法,该方法基于约束性CA,改变了传统的约束性CA情景条件的设置方法,以期望的未来城市形态为目标,识别相应需要的发展政策。并将北京市域的4 个规划城市形态作为情景条件进行了实证分析,对多个规划方案实施的可能性和政策参数进行对比分析,证明该方法具有较好的适用性和可行性,是将约束性CA的应用扩展到城市规划领域的又一尝试。 相似文献
12.
Modeling Spatial Processes of Urban Growth in African Cities: A Case Study of Nairobi City 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《Urban geography》2013,34(2):259-272
Africa's urban population growth has been especially rapid, averaging about 5% per year over the past two decades. As a result, many urban areas have experienced dramatic growth that is seriously outstripping the capacity of most cities to provide adequate services for their residents. Although population growth and urbanization rates in Africa have slowed recently due to a number of factors including HIV/AIDS, urban growth is still expected to double by 2030, leading to dramatic sprawl with serious environmental and social consequences. Using Nairobi as an example of a rapidly urbanizing African city, we studied the dynamics of land use and land cover change using satellite data and addressed the need for models and urban management tools that can guide sustainable urban planning policies. Cellular Automata, which integrate biophysical factors with dynamic spatial modeling, are used in this study. The model was calibrated and tested using time series of urbanized areas derived from land use/cover maps, produced from remotely sensed imagery, with future urban growth projected to 2030. Model assessment results showed high levels of accuracy, indicating that simulation findings were realistic, thereby confirming the effectiveness of the model. Results further showed that the model is a useful and effective tool to foresee the spatial consequences of planning policies in the context of many African cities. The forecast for Nairobi showed unsustainable sprawl. 相似文献
13.
深圳城市规划对土地利用的调控效能 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
城市规划实施效能研究已开始由定性走向定量,引入GIS空间分析技术,利用相关政府部门提供的资料和实地调查资料,以深圳为案例从定性与定量角度系统全面地开展了城市规划对土地利用的调控效能研究。研究结果表明城市规划对土地利用调控效果显著:①城市规划对深圳城市空间结构的控制与引导十分有效,使得其在快速发展过程中仍然保持良好的城市空间结构。②城市规划对特区土地利用的调控效果较好,城市建设基本按照规划进行;而城市规划对特区外土地利用基本失控,城市建设无序蔓延,城市规划没有起到应有的调控作用。③城市规划管理对土地利用也具有重要的调控作用,《建设用地规划许可证》的规划审批用地挤占了大量耕地、园地、林地和水域等,引起了深圳各区域土地利用的巨大变化。 相似文献
14.
The floating population has become the main driver of urban population excessive growth in China’s mega cities. Urban transit system (UTS) is a significant factor in population spatial distributions within urban areas, especially rapid and high-capacity transit systems. This paper analyzes the causal effects of the extension of expressways and subways between 2000 and 2010 in the Beijing Metropolitan Area (BMA), focusing on the group differences between the local residents and the floating population. Due to the endogeneity of transportation improvements and population growth, Instrumental Variable (IV) regression model is applied to avoid this problem. The results show the local residents increased in the inner suburbs but decreased in the city center, while the floating population increased in the majority areas. IV regression results show that the extension of urban transit systems had statistically significant impacts on population growth across the BMA. The results also show that the extension of urban subway system had more effects on the floating population than the local residents across the BMA. It is mainly caused by the rather low fare of urban subway system. This implies that the excessive subsidy on urban subway system could result in excessive floating population growth and residential differentiation, even residential segregation. Hence, it is necessary to plan and design reasonable and scientific urban transit systems in order to advance reasonable population size and promote residential integration. Moreover, the regional analysis shows that the effects of urban transportation improvements on the local residents are not statistically significant in the inner suburbs. It implies that urban transportation improvements had limited effects on inducing people to move to suburban areas and controlling center city’s population in Beijing. Therefore, it should be stressed the differentiated effects of urban transportation improvements on population distribution in the process of urban planning and population control. 相似文献
15.
We examine how normative constructions of ‘the creative city’ have entered into Australian planning discourses. Although welcoming a place-based approach, critical consideration is given to how the misappropriation of ‘place making’ in creative city revitalisation plans may enhance rather than address processes of social marginalisation. A Foucauldian framework is employed, exploring the notion of the social production of power through discourse. We draw on a case study of Wentworth Street, a key urban space in Port Kembla, the industrialised district of Wollongong, New South Wales. The study focuses on various ideas of a common place-making theme of the ‘urban village’ evoked by planners, the media and a targeted local resident group (here elderly Macedonians) for a street positioned in ‘crisis’ because of declining infrastructure, services and its association with crime, drugs and prostitution. The case study demonstrates that marginalisation and exclusions are products of creative city strategies and wider, more oppressive urban discourses. But we also demonstrate that despite becoming normative in the texts of planning policies, discourses of place and identity always remain multiple, negotiated, and contradictory. 相似文献
16.
Measuring time accessibility and its spatial characteristics in the urban areas of Beijing 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Construction of road infrastructure is fundamental to city operation and development, as well as an important pathway and focus in physical urban-rural integration. The long-term implementation of a system of ring roads plus radiating roads in Beijing has strongly impacted urban infrastructure construction and space-time accessibility. Particularly, recent rapid growth of private car ownership in Beijing has imposed greater loads on its road system, seriously hampering urban commuting efficiency and negatively impacting quality of life. To address such challenges and enhance the rapid development of transport infrastructure, Beijing has accelerated rail transit construction since 2008 in an effort to improve commuting capacity. This paper aims to measure time accessibility and its spatial characteristics in urban areas of Beijing by applying a comprehensive method that combines vector and raster attribute data generated from road network and subway transport infrastructure. By using a dual index of accessibility and road density, the study further reveals the features of and differences in spatial accessibility and the construction of road systems in urban areas of the northern and southern parts of Beijing. The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for future urban planning and road system construction both in general and with respect to Beijing, given its aspirations to become a world city. 相似文献
17.
Xun Liang Guangliang Chen Jiye Leng Youyue Wen Guangzhao Chen 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(10):1930-1952
ABSTRACT Modeling urban growth in Economic development zones (EDZs) can help planners determine appropriate land policies for these regions. However, sometimes EDZs are established in remote areas outside of central cities that have no historical urban areas. Existing models are unable to simulate the emergence of urban areas without historical urban land in EDZs. In this study, a cellular automaton (CA) model based on fuzzy clustering is developed to address this issue. This model is implemented by coupling an unsupervised classification method and a modified CA model with an urban emergence mechanism based on local maxima. Through an analysis of the planning policies and existing infrastructure, the proposed model can detect the potential start zones and simulate the trajectory of urban growth independent of the historical urban land use. The method is validated in the urban emergence simulation of the Taiping Bay development zone in Dalian, China from 2013 to 2019. The proposed model is applied to future simulation in 2019–2030. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can be used to predict urban emergence and generate the possible future urban form, which will assist planners in determining the urban layout and controlling urban growth in EDZs. 相似文献
18.
南京大都市区建设用地扩张特征与机理 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
作为全球城市化最快的地区之一,中国建设用地的扩张引起了广泛的关注。以长三角北翼中心城市南京为例,利用遥感、土地利用调查等数据研究大都市区建设用地扩张的过程、格局与机理。研究表明,1985-2007年南京市在工业化、城市化和国际化的推动下经济快速增长,引致了建设用地的扩张,年均增长率为3.14%。2001年后随着城市发展模式由单中心向多中心转换,建设用地呈加速扩展趋势。南京市建设用地扩展具有明显的沿长江和南北交通走廊轴向发展的特征。开发区和新城建设是南京市建设用地扩张的主要方式。区、县尺度的回归分析表明,人口增加、全球化是城镇工矿用地扩张的重要推手;经济的服务业化有利于土地集约利用,减少对用地的需求,这种影响在城区更大;在分权化竞争中,都市区政府具有更强的控制力。 相似文献
19.
基于2001―2012年江西省各县市城市人口数据,结合ArcGIS和SPSS等分析工具,采用城市首位指数、分形等计量分析方法,对2000年以来江西省城市规模体系与空间体系的时空演变特征进行深入分析。结果表明：1）随着大城市和中等城市数目的增加,城市规模“金字塔”趋于合理;2）城市间人口规模的相对差距在扩大,绝对差距在缩小,城市等级规模趋于合理;3）城市首位度较高,属于典型的首位型城市分布;4）城市规模分维数较小且下降明显,大城市发展快于中小城市,城市发展总体处于集聚效益加速凸显阶段;5）城市规模空间体系演变表现出区域差异性、圈层集聚性以及轴线指向性等特征。最后指出江西省城市规模体系与空间体系存在特大城市数量过少、城市规模偏小、城市人口发育南北差距过大等问题并提出相应优化对策。 相似文献