共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
巴丹吉林沙漠地表风积砂粒度空间分布及其环境意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过对巴丹吉林沙漠平沙地及丘间地表层砂样的粒度分析,发现巴丹吉林沙漠表层砂平均中值粒径为0.45 mm,平均均值粒径为0.53 mm,是中国北方粒度最粗的沙漠之一。整体上,巴丹吉林沙漠表层砂粒径从北到南逐渐变细,在沙漠南缘的雅布赖山附近粒径略有回升。机械组成上,粗砂(0.5～2.0 mm)含量最高,平均为35%,整体变化趋势从北到南逐渐减少,南部略有回升。中砂(0.25～0.50 mm)和细砂(0.10～0.25 mm)为主要的风沙运动组分,其平均含量在50%以上,在沙漠内部变化趋势为从北到南逐渐增多。粒度频率分布曲线从北到南逐渐从多峰过渡到双峰,众数粒径逐渐减小。分析结果表明巴丹吉林沙漠表层砂主要为风成砂,主要沙源区为沙漠北部的湖泊沉积物区及其更北部的戈壁,同时沙漠北部残山丘陵、雅布赖山等也是沙漠砂的源区。 相似文献
2.
The spatial trends of dustfall of different sizes over northern China during April and May 2001,and March 2002,and their influencing factors,were analyzed.We divided the dustfall into seven grades based on particle size.Total dustfall and dustfall for each grade were highest in desert regions then in regions undergoing desertification,and the total dustfall,dustfall 100 μm and dustfall 250 μm were higher in western agricultural regions closer to desert areas than in eastern agricultural regions.The spatial trends in dustfall 300 μm in diameter were most strongly correlated with dust events,and the content of coarse particles increased with increasing severity of dust events.Because the spatial trend for dust events appears to be controlled by geomorphic conditions,vegetation coverage,soil moisture,and the distance from dust source,dustfall 300 μm in diameter appears to have the same controlling factors as dust events,but the control decreases with increasing particle size.Wind,the driving force for dust emissions,also influenced the spatial trends in dustfall 200 μm in diameter,and especially for dustfall 50 to 100 μm in diameter.Although dustfall 300 μm in diameter and precipitation were not strongly spatially correlated,there is some evidence that high precipitation decreased deposition by restraining blowing sand.The coarser the dustfall,the weaker the correlation with wind speed;however,transport of larger particles still occurs,and further research will be required to test the possibility that this dust is entrained mainly by the small-scale dust devils that are commonly observed in the study area. 相似文献
3.
C.W. Barrows 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(7):629-635
The high temperatures and extended droughts that characterize habitat for desert-living reptiles may already approach their physiological tolerances and so could put them at risk due to climate change. Here I examined climate change sensitivity for desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii, and common chuckwallas, Sauromalus ater, two large-bodied reptiles that occur across the Mojave-Sonoran Desert interface. I employed the Mahalanobis D2 statistic to model their niche spaces and then assessed climate-change sensitivity by altering climate variables along a gradient of increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation. While shifting climate variables, I held terrain and soils variables that otherwise define these species’ preferred habitat constant, providing a more realistic prediction of available niche space. Both reptiles’ modeled niches responded to climate change by shifting to higher elevations and increasingly away from their Sonoran Desert distribution. At moderate predictions of climate change (+2 °C, −50 mm precipitation) desert tortoises’ suitable habitat was reduced by nearly 88% in the Sonoran Desert portions my study area, and nearly 66% in the Mojave Desert regions. Under the same scenario chuckwallas lost nearly 92%, but increased 120% respectively. Within the context of climate change potential increases in drought frequency appear to present the greater challenge for these species. 相似文献
4.
《Geomorphology》2004,57(1-2):41-51
Dust samples, collected monthly for 15 years from 50 urban sites in 10 cities in Gansu Province, China, provide information on modern rates of dust deposition in the desert and Gobi areas and in the Loess Plateau. Dust deposition is highest during spring months and lowest during autumn months, in both the desert and Gobi areas and the Loess Plateau. There is a significant positive correlation between dust deposition and dust event, and an inverse correlation between dust deposition and precipitation. The 15-year mean maximums in the desert and Gobi areas and the Loess Plateau are 498.64 and 327.02 t km−2 year−1, respectively, and the mean minimums are 290.22 and 180.86 t km−2 year−1, respectively. Drought may have a widespread, major influence on the modern rates of the dust deposition. 相似文献
5.
We studied the small scale distribution pattern of Chorizanthe rigida, a serotinous desert annual, in a shrub-mound-to-desert-pavement gradient. Two sites were established in the Mojave Desert and two sites where established in the Sonoran Desert. We placed transects along a soil surface gradient from shrub mounds to desert pavements, and measured land surface properties, soil characteristics, and C. rigida's small scale distribution. A Principal Components Analysis was done on the resulting site × soil variables matrix. C. rigida established preferentially in desert pavements outside shrub canopies. Pavements showed finer soil textures and higher electrical conductivities, while shrub mounds had sandy textures, low surface rockiness, higher nitrogen, and higher cover of annuals. We discuss a probable relationship between seed retention and the establishment on desert pavements: timing seed release allows this species to avoid wind- or animal-induced seed dispersal into shrub mounds and establish outside the nurse mounds, where most annual plants concentrate. The seeds encased in the serotinous involucres, released after rains, are dispersed by run-off into the desert pavements and transition zones where, once developed, the dead seed-retaining structures of adult C. rigida plants persist for years releasing seeds to subsequent rain events. 相似文献
6.
7.
基于CALIPSO星载激光雷达的中国沙尘气溶胶观测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于2006年6月至2012年5月无云条件下CALIPSO星载激光雷达观测资料,分析中国典型地区（塔克拉玛干沙漠、柴达木盆地、戈壁区和华北）沙尘气溶胶分布。结果表明：塔克拉玛干沙漠和戈壁区为沙尘天气发生频率高值区,且前者在各高度层的沙尘发生频率都大于后者。沙尘发生呈季节性分布。塔克拉玛干沙漠在春季沙尘发生频率最大,抬升最高可至10 km,冬季频率最小,高度最低,主要分布在3 km以下。戈壁区在春季沙尘发生频率、抬升高度最大,冬季抬升高度最低,但低层发生频率大于夏、秋两季。在塔克拉玛干沙漠,沙尘光学厚度春季最大约为0.44,冬季最小约为0.17,春,冬季消光系数峰值最大,可达0.25 km-1,且随高度的递减率大于夏,秋季。在戈壁区和柴达木盆地,沙尘光学厚度春季最大、秋季最小。在华北,沙尘光学厚度春季最大、夏季最小,消光系数在2 km以上春季最大,这主要是由于春季远距离高空传输到华北的沙尘量最多。塔克拉玛干沙漠与柴达木盆地的退偏比为0.2~0.35,戈壁区为0.16~0.28,可能是由于塔克拉玛干沙漠的物质组成与柴达木盆地相同,而与戈壁区不同。华北因低层沙尘与其他气溶胶混合导致退偏振比廓线随高度递增。4个区域对流层上部退偏比全为0.2,表明高空气溶胶可能为来自相同源区的沙尘。 相似文献
8.
巴丹吉林沙漠地表沉积物粒度特征及区域差异 总被引：14，自引：6，他引：8
对巴丹吉林沙漠不同区域、不同类型沙丘、不同地貌部位的223个地表沉积物样品进行粒度分析表明,该沙漠的流动沙丘主要由细沙组成,其含量可达49.5%～66.1％;沙丘沙的平均粒径介于2.104～2.706 Φ之间,粗于塔克拉玛干沙漠和腾格里沙漠,与世界其他沙海中沙物质粒径相比处于中等粗细。粒径最细者为灌丛沙丘表面沙粒,最粗者为横向沙山迎风坡;分选度好至极好,均为正偏中等峰态。丘间地物质粗于沙丘沙,平均粒径为1.409 Φ,分选较好,正偏窄峰态。从频率曲线来看,沙丘沙为单峰,丘间地多为双峰或三峰。在典型横向沙山剖面上,自迎风坡坡脚至沙丘顶部平均粒径变细而分选性变好,最粗的沙粒出现在靠近迎风坡坡脚的丘间地,而最细和分选最好的沙粒出现在紧邻沙丘顶部的背风坡。尽管横向沙山与新月形沙丘和沙丘链的尺度不同,但二者同属横向沙丘系统,具有相似的沙丘动力机制,因而粒度参数之间关系的表现趋同。从区域上来看,在平行于主导风向的3条NW—SE向断面上,沙漠中北部高大沙山之间低矮“通道”上的沙粒平均粒径存在微弱的变细趋势,而高大沙山区则不存在明显的变化规律;在平行于雅布赖山的3条SW—NE向断面上,粒度参数沿断面方向无明显的变化规律,但断面越靠近雅布赖山平均粒径越粗。一般认为巴丹吉林沙漠是中国重要的沙尘源区之一,然而粒度分析结果表明,沙漠中北部几乎不含粉沙黏土（<0.0625 mm）组分,而东南部的横向沙山区含量则相对较高,这就需要进一步推断巴丹吉林沙漠具体的沙尘源区和沙尘释放过程。以上变化规律说明,除了物源和主导风向等宏观因素外,引起局地气流改变进而影响沙粒跃移过程的地形起伏、植被覆盖等微观因素也对沙粒分选过程起着重要的控制作用;宏观和微观因素共同作用,最终形成的粒度参数规律性在沙丘尺度上要好于区域尺度上。该粒度分析结果,对于分析巴丹吉林沙漠沙物质来源和形成演变过程、反演高大沙山形成机理、估算地表沙尘释放量等均具有重要参考意义。 相似文献
9.
Long-term morphodynamic changes of a desert reach of the Yellow River following upstream large reservoirs' operation 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
China's Yellow River has experienced its dramatically decreasing trend for the flow discharge since the construction and operation of large reservoirs located upstream. This low flow regulation has triggered a severe aggradation of the Ulan Buh Desert channel of the Yellow River because the declining flow exhibits no capability to scour and carry away large amount input of desert sands from the Ulan Buh Desert. Twenty monitoring cross-sections documented the Ulan Buh Desert channel has experienced its increasing aggradational trend in conjunction with its lateral migration decreasing trend from 1966 to 2005, which is opposite to the normal pattern of aggradation with deepening or symmetrical infilling for a channel located downstream of a reservoir. The channel aggradation can also be identified two stages: slow aggradation and rapid aggradation. Slow aggradation is characterized by the channel bed elevation rising 9.5 cm on average between 1968 and 1985, which responded to the operation of the Liujiaxia reservoir. During this period, the flow discharge was similar to pre-dam flow conditions but the sediment transport reduced to half of its pre-dam value. Because of about 0.24 × 108 t of desert sands entering the channel from the Ulan Buh Desert annually, this dilute flow indicated not to scour the channel as expected, but contrarily to cause the channel aggraded. Rapid aggradation followed completion of the Longyangxia reservoir with the channel bed elevation rising by 73 cm on average between 1986 and 2005. In this period, the combined regulation of Liujiaxia and Longyangxia reservoirs has caused the flow discharge decreasing dramatically, which is more beneficial for accumulation of the desert sands (0.19 × 108 t yr− 1 on average) in the desert channel, and led to the channel aggradation rate accelerated rapidly. 相似文献
10.
库姆塔格沙漠粒度分布特征及环境意义 总被引：22，自引：10，他引：12
库姆塔格沙漠位于中国西北干旱区,被称为我国第六大沙漠。粒度分析在区分沉积环境、判定物质输运方式、判别水动力条件和分析粒径趋势等方面具有重要作用。对库姆塔格沙漠中北部、北缘、西部、中间及南部、东南缘5组20个沙样粒度分析结果表明：其粒度组成差异很大;粒度参数具有以下特征值：平均粒径Mz=1.55～2.92 Φ;标准偏差σ1=0.41～1.11;偏度SK1=-0.11～0.31;峰态KG=0.77～1.23。同时,粒度频率曲线呈单峰态和多峰态共存状态;大部分沙样的偏度近于对称。分析结果说明库姆塔格沙漠沉积物的沉积环境复杂多样,有风力沉积、河湖沉积、河流冲积(洪积)等。 相似文献
11.
研究了乌兰布和沙漠和库布齐沙漠颗粒物在黄河水体中对磷酸盐(P)的吸附动力学及其影响因素和吸附/解吸平衡质量浓度(EPC0值)。结果表明：①不同沙漠颗粒物对P的吸附能力各不相同,但吸附速率均在前 8 h内较快,以后逐渐趋缓,在48 h时基本达到吸附平衡。磷初始浓度和颗粒物浓度均对颗粒物吸附P有一定影响;②颗粒物对P的吸附过程均符合准二级吸附动力学模型及Weber-Morris扩散方程,吸附过程主要由P在颗粒物内的扩散过程控制;③入河沙漠颗粒物在黄河水体中对P的吸附过程存在一个吸附/解吸平衡点,该点对应的不同颗粒物对P的EPC0值为0.010~0.042 mg·L-1,且其值均大于相应黄河水体中的P浓度,说明沙漠颗粒物入河后有向水体释磷的趋势。 相似文献
12.
沙尘天气过程对中国北方城市空气质量的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
2014年4月23-25日中国北方地区经历了一次大范围的强沙尘天气过程.利用13个城市的空气质量和气象数据结合后向轨迹模式和MODIS deep-blue气溶胶光学厚度数据,研究沙尘天气过程对中国北方城市空气质量的影响,特别是对PM2.5质量浓度的贡献。结果表明:来源于塔克拉玛干沙漠及其周边地区的沙尘途经甘肃西北部和内蒙古中西部的沙漠区进而影响下游城市。MODIS deep-blue气溶胶光学厚度的空间分布能够较好地反映出沙尘的水平运动特征。沙尘天气过程可以使中国北方城市PM2.5和PM10质量浓度分别增加7.5%～1 141.2%和344.0%～2 562.1%,可以有效地降低SO2、NO2和CO气体污染物的浓度,而对O3的浓度影响较小。银川、大同和库尔勒沙尘天气过程期间平均SO2、NO2和CO浓度较非沙尘天气过程期间降低最明显,分别降低约80.0%、78.7%和62.1%。 相似文献
13.
乌兰布和沙漠不同土地覆被类型粒度特征及空间分异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对中国沙尘暴源区之一的乌兰布和沙漠进行系统采样,分析不同土地覆被类型的地表沉积物粒度特征及其空间分异规律。结果表明：乌兰布和沙漠地表沉积物以中沙和细沙为主,平均粒径为2.84 φ。沙漠地表沉积物的粒度特征在不同土地覆被类型和不同空间存在明显的分异规律,表明该沙漠的地表沉积物粒度分布是由物源、地形和搬运营力共同作用的结果。乌兰布和沙漠内部最可能成为沙尘暴尘源的有沙漠中部的盐碱地、东北部的耕地和广泛存在于沙漠中的沙丘。根据不同区域的土地覆被类型因地制宜地选取先锋植物种群改善区域地表覆盖状况和地表沉积物粒度组分,是该区域尘源治理的主要手段。 相似文献
14.
库布齐沙漠治理对京津冀地区空气质量影响:2017年5月3-6日沙尘天气模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
作为影响京津冀地区的沙尘途经地和发源地,对库布齐沙漠的治理工作一直在持续,成为使用科学技术手段将沙漠变废为宝、变害为利的成功案例,同时也是全球治沙范例。为研究库布齐沙漠治理工作对京津冀地区空气质量的改善效果,利用手工采样数据和城市空气质量监测数据,结合气团轨迹,筛选库布齐沙漠起沙并对京津冀地区产生影响的沙尘天气。选取2017年5月3-6日作为典型个例代表,使用嵌套网格空气质量预报模式系统（NAQPMS）,设计不同的起沙权重系数敏感试验,模拟研究该地区起沙和治理对京津冀地区的空气质量影响。结果表明：（1）气象模式较好地把握天气系统的演变以及地面风场的特征,保证NAQPMS模式可合理模拟沙尘的起沙区域、影响范围以及时空演变特征;（2）受沙尘影响城市的PM10浓度模拟量值及变化与观测较为一致,表明模式合理再现了沙尘的输送过程;（3）库布齐沙漠起沙对京津冀地区的PM10浓度贡献为35~150 μg·m-3,贡献比例为10%~40%;（4）库布齐沙漠治理可使京津冀地区PM10浓度降低35~75 μg·m-3,下降比例为5%~20%,受影响城市PM10浓度下降比例为7%~37%,沙漠治理工作可有效降低受影响地区的PM10浓度。 相似文献
15.
Rare earth elements of aeolian deposits in Northern China and their implications for determining the provenance of dust storms in Beijing 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Xiaoping Yang Yongsheng Liu Chaozhu Li Yuling Song Heping Zhu Xindi Jin 《Geomorphology》2007,87(4):365-377
This paper contributes to a better understanding of the source of dust storms in northern China and the relationship between these sources and other aeolian sediments in this region. Sediment samples in potential source areas were collected from the Hunshandake Sandy Land, Heaven Desert, the loess deposits of the Bashang area, the mountainous basins and valleys north of Beijing and from the Badain Jaran Desert and Hulunbaier Sandy Land (Fig. 1). Dust samples were collected in Beijing during two dust storms in March 2002 and April 2006. The laboratory methods used in this study included measurements of abundance of trace elements, in particular the rare earth elements (REEs), mineral assemblages and grain size. The REE contents, Eu and Ce anomalies show clear differences between various deposits. Provenance is considered to be the key factor influencing REE patterns in the study areas. The REE abundances and patterns indicate that the aeolian sand north of Beijing, such as in the Heaven Desert, is mainly of local origin rather than from desert encroachment from the north. The mineral grains carried in dust storms, however, are highly mixed, and may come partly from local sources but mainly from distant desert regions in western China. 相似文献
16.
Analysis on the temporal-spatial distribution character and
effect factors of PM10 in the hinterland of Taklimakan
Desert and surrounding area 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In recent years, the physical and chemical properties of dust aerosols from the dust source area in northern China have attracted
increased attention. In this paper, Thermo RP 1400a was used for online continuous observation and study of the hinterland of
Taklimakan, Tazhong, and surrounding areas of Kumul and Hotan from 2004 to 2006. In combination with weather analysis during a
sandstorm in the Tazhong area, basic characteristics and influencing factors of dust aerosol PM10 have been summarized as below: (1)
The occurrence days of floating dust and blowing dust appeared with an increasing trend in Kumul, Tazhong and Hotan, while the
number of dust storm days did not significantly change. The frequency and intensity of dust weather were major factors affecting the
concentration of dust aerosol PM10 in the desert. (2) The mass concentration of PM10 had significant regional distribution characteristics,
and the mass concentration at the eastern edge of Taklimakan, Kumul, was the lowest; second was the southern edge of the desert,
Hotan; and the highest was in the hinterland of the desert, Tazhong. (3) High values of PM10 mass concentration in Kumul was from
March to September each year; high values of PM10 mass concentration in Tazhong and Hotan were distributed from March to August
and the average concentration changed from 500 to 1,000 g/m3, respectively. (4) The average seasonal concentration changes of
PM10 in Kumul, Tazhong and Hotan were: spring > summer > autumn > winter; the highest average concentration of PM10 in Tazhong,
was about 1,000 g/m3 in spring and between 400 and 900 g/m3 in summer, and the average concentration was lower in autumn and
winter, basically between 200 and 400 g/m3. (5) PM10 concentration during the sandstorm season was just over two times the concentration
of the non-sandstorm season in Kumul, Tazhong and Hotan. The average concentrations of sandstorm season in Tazhong
were 6.2 and 3.6 times the average concentrations of non-sandstorm season in 2004 and 2008, respectively. (6) The mass concentration
of PM10 had the following sequence during the dust weather: clear day < floating dust < floating and blowing dust < sandstorm.
The wind speed directly affects the concentration of PM10 in the atmosphere, the higher the wind speed, the higher the mass concentration.
Temperature, relative humidity and barometric pressure are important factors affecting the strength of storms, which could also
indirectly affect the concentration change of PM10 in the atmosphere. 相似文献
17.
Detrimental effects of plastic debris and other trash have been well-studied in marine and coastal environments, but the extent and severity of the threat to terrestrial ecosystems are largely unknown. I used distance-sampling methods to quantify density of wind-dispersed trash in two protected areas of the Sonoran Desert in southern Arizona. Densities of plastic bags ranged from 5.6/km2 to 35.4/km2, and densities of balloon clusters ranged from 39.2/km2 to 62.7/km2. Density of balloon clusters was greater than the density of desert tortoises, Gopherus morafkai, and western diamond-backed rattlesnakes, Crotalus atrox, in both study areas. Results of this study provide evidence that wind can disperse substantial amounts of trash >2 km into protected natural areas and suggest that accumulation of trash poses a potential threat to desert ecosystems. 相似文献
18.
19.
东昆仑库木库里沙漠表层沉积物粒度特征、物源与沉积环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对青藏高原北部世界海拔最高的库木库里沙漠周围冲积扇碎屑及沙漠表层沉积物粒度特征及元素组成研究结果显示：（1）库木库里沙漠表层沉积物以细砂为主,其次为极细砂,粉砂和中砂含量较少,有少量的黏粒,不含粗砂的组分,且粒度组成差异不大。（2）沉积物MZ范围2.70~2.90 φ,σ1范围0.80~1.10 φ,SK1范围0.26~0.44,KG范围2.27~3.62。（3）粒度主要呈近似对称的单峰分布,但细颗粒一侧有较细长的尾部。（4）沙漠表层沉积物元素组成与周围山麓冲洪积碎屑沉积物较为相似,尤其是沙漠西部的阿尔喀山北麓区域。（5）沉积物源判别表明,沙漠表层沉积物来源主要为阿尔喀山北麓及祁漫塔格山南麓碎屑沉积物,其形成环境主要为河流相沉积环境及浅湖相沉积环境。 相似文献
20.
河北坝上高原土壤风蚀物垂直分布的初步研究 总被引：31，自引：4，他引：27
根据河北坝上高原农田土壤风蚀物的观测与采样分析结果,风蚀物含量随高度的增加,在0~20 cm高度内以指数函数规律递减,反映了以跃移质为主的风沙流结构;在20~100 cm高度内以幂函数规律递减,反映的是悬移质为主的风沙流结构。在风蚀物粒度组成中,随高度增加,砂级颗粒含量减少而粉砂及粘土含量增多;随风速与输沙率的增加,砂级颗粒含量增多而粉砂及粘土含量减少。对风蚀物各粒级含量与高度的相关分析表明:易以迁移形式运动的粒径0.25~0.1 mm土粒百分量以幂函数形式向上递减;沉降速度较低的粒径<0.1 mm土粒百分含量成幂函数形式向上递增。此外,风蚀物平均粒径随高度变细且在50 cm处细于0.1 mm,因此,土壤颗粒成为悬移物质而上升到50 cm以上高度时可能搬运到较远的地区。 相似文献