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1.
运用2001年和2002年7个热带气旋 (TC) 登陆华南前后的38个日降水量、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及卫星云图, 经普查和分析将TC造成的降水区划分为纬向型、经向型、NE—SW向型3种; 对各型高、中、低层中的主要气象因子作了详细分析, 如高层流场、中层副热带高压、低层急流和切变线或辐合线、整层水汽通量散度以及季风云涌等, 在此基础上归纳概括出了这些降水型各自前24 h的大尺度环境场特征概略模型图, 并对其强降水形成机理尽可能地给出了解释, 为TC登陆前后的超短期降水预报提供某种参考方法。 相似文献
2.
Daily rainfall variability over southern Africa (SA) and the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) during the austral summer months
has recently been described objectively for the first time, using newly derived satellite products. The principle mode of
variability in all months is a dipole structure with bands of rainfall orientated northwest to southeast across the region.
These represent the location of cloud bands associated with tropical temperate troughs (TTT). This study objectively identifies
major TTT events during November to February, and on the basis of composites off NCEP reanalysis data describes the associated
atmospheric structure. The two phases of the rainfall dipole are associated with markedly contrasting circulation patterns.
There are also pronounced intra-seasonal variations. In early summer the position of the temperate trough and TTT cloud band
alternates between the SWIO and southwest Atlantic. In late summer the major TTT axis lies preferentially over the SWIO, associated
with an eastward displacement in the Indian Ocean high. In all months, positive events, in which the TTT cloud band lies primarily
over the SWIO, are associated with large-scale moisture flux anomalies, in which convergent fluxes form a pronounced poleward
flux along the cloud band. This suggests that TTT events are a major mechanism of poleward transfer of energy and momentum.
Moisture transport occurs along three principle paths: (1) the northern or central Indian Ocean (where anomalous fluxes extend
eastward to the Maritime Continent), (2) south equatorial Africa and the equatorial Atlantic, (3) from the south within a
cyclonic flow around the tropical-temperate trough. The relative importance of (2) is greatest in late summer. Thus, synoptic
scale TTT events over SA/SWIO often result from large-scale planetary circulation patterns. Hovmoeller plots show that TTT
development coincides with enhanced tropical convection between 10°–30°E (itself exhibiting periodicity of around 5 days),
and often with convergence of eastward and westward propagating convection around 40°E. Harmonic analysis of 200 hPa geopotential
anomalies show that TTT features are forced by a specific zonally asymmetric wave pattern, with wave 5 dominant or significant
in all months except February when quasi-stationary waves 1, 2 and 3 dominate. These findings illustrate the importance of
tropical and extratropical dynamics in understanding TTT events. Finally, it is suggested that in November–Januar TTT rainfall
over SA/SWIO may be in phase with similar rainfall dipole structures observed in the South Pacific and South Atlantic convergence
zones.
Received: 11 August 1998 / Accepted: 28 May 1999 相似文献
3.
2008年6月广东省连续性暴雨的成因 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析2008年6月12-18日广东省连续性暴雨过程的环流背景及成因。结果表明：在中纬短波槽和南支槽活跃的环流形势下,低层低涡切变线和西南急流引起的强烈上升运动是这次广东省连续性暴雨的触发因子。孟加拉湾和西北太平洋的2支水汽在南海汇合,持续向华南输送暖湿空气,并由经向风场辐合形成较强的水汽辐合中心。连续性暴雨期间,华南上空异常加热源有利于其西北侧低空异常气旋性环流的维持和广东省沿海地区西南急流的稳定存在。异常偏强的水汽输送辐合和大气热源加热是这次连续性暴雨得以维持的重要原因。 相似文献
4.
2003年淮河暴雨期大气水汽输送特征及成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了2003年淮河流域发生持续性暴雨期间的水汽输送情况,发现暴雨区的异常水汽并不是来自通常输送量最大的水汽输送通道2(来自印度洋孟加拉湾的西南气流经中南半岛到我国东部地区)和水汽通道3(来自孟加拉湾的水汽经中南半岛到达南海与南海的偏南气流汇合再向北输送),而主要来自位置异常西移的水汽输送通道4(来自副高南侧的偏东气流沿着副高边缘转向向东输送到我国东部雨区)。暴雨区内有大量的异常纬向水汽通量距平,但并没有对异常降水辐合产生贡献,而相对小量的经向水汽通量距平在暴雨区产生强烈的辐合,为持续性暴雨提供绝大部分水源。输送至暴雨区的大量经向异常水汽通量距平主要来源于暴雨区南侧紧邻的中国南部沿海地区,而不是主要的水汽源区——南海。造成大气中水汽输送及辐合异常状况的最主要原因是西北太平洋副热带高压的异常西伸,强度偏强,且长期稳定少动。此外,欧亚两槽一脊的环流形势和副高北侧异常加强的低层西风急流及其稳定性也是形成此次淮河流域持续性暴雨必不可少的条件。 相似文献
5.
文中采用时间域的带通滤波方法和合成分析技术,通过对1981年夏季月份OLR资料的准40天和准双周振荡的对比分析得到:(1)南亚季风区普遍存在准40天和准双周振荡,季风的活跃和中断要受其影响。(2)江淮流域到日本地区和南海到西太平洋地区OLR的分布是反位相的,它表明只有当南海季风槽断裂时,热带西南季风才能进入东亚大陆,这时大陆的季风雨较强。(3)OLR的分布表明,东亚大陆和印度北部平原季风雨的活跃与中断,对准40天振荡是同步的,而对准双周振荡是反位相的。(4)东亚大陆季风雨活跃与中断位相的转变,准40天振荡是从南海扰动中分裂出一块向北移动引起,而准双周振荡则是来自印度北部平原的季风扰动有规律的向东移动引起。 相似文献
6.
Moisture Transport in the Asian Summer Monsoon Region and Its Relationship with Summer Precipitation in China 
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下载免费PDF全文 The characteristics of moisture transport over the Asian summer monsoon region and its relationship with summer precipitation in China are examined by a variety of statistical methods using the NCEP/NC AR reanalysis data for 1948-2005.The results show that:1) The zonal-mean moisture transport in the Asian monsoon region is unique because of monsoon activities.The Asian summer monsoon region is a dominant moisture sink during summer.Both the Indian and East Asian monsoon areas have their convergence cente... 相似文献
7.
广东后汛期季风槽暴雨天气形势特征分析 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
对1981-2002年广东后汛期季风槽暴雨期间的环流形势和天气系统进行了统计分析,结果发现,广东后汛期的季风槽暴雨多数发生在西太平洋副高位置偏东或偏南的情况下,并与中纬西风槽或ITCZ有直接联系;季风槽多数位于华南地区上空或华南沿岸海面;高层辐散覆盖广东全部或大部,中心在华南近海。西南季风向北推进源于西南和华南地区低压槽发展,或由于热带气旋登陆后北上而牵动西南季风深入华南陆地,也有些过程是副高西端的偏南气流引导南海季风北进。对流活动有从南海北部或北部湾附近向华南移动的趋势,并有昼夜变化。 相似文献
8.
Using daily observational rainfall data covered 194 stations of China from 1961 to 1995 and NCEP model analyzed pentad precipitation data of global grid point from 1979 to 1997,the distribution of onset date of rainy season over Asian area from spring to summer is studied in this paper.The analyzed results show that there exist two stages of rainy season onset over East Asian region from spring to summer rainy season onset accompanying subtropical monsoon and tropical monsoon respectively.The former rain belt is mainly formed by the convergence of cold air and the recurred southwesterly flow from western part of subtropical high and westerly flow from the so-called western trough of subtropical region occurring during winter to spring over South Asia.The latter is formed in the process of subtropical monsoon rain belt over inshore regions of South China Sea originally coming from south of Changjiang (Yangtze) River Basin advancing with northward shift of subtropical high after the onset of tropical monsoon over South China Sea.The pre-flood rainy season over South China region then came into mature period and the second peak of rainfall appeared.Meiyu,the rainy season over Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin and North China then formed consequently.The process of summer tropical monsoon onset over South China Sea in 1998 is also discussed in this paper.It indicated that the monsoon during summer tropical monsoon onset over South China Sea is the result of the westerly flow over middle part of South China Sea,which is from the new generated cyclone formed in north subtropical high entering into South China Sea,converged with the tropical southwesterly flow recurred by the intensified cross-equatorial flow. 相似文献
9.
An empirical orthogonal functions analysis of the onshore flow of moisture along the west coast of southern Africa using NCEP-DOE AMIP II Re-analyses suggests two dominant modes of variability that are linked to (a) variations in the circulation linked with the South Atlantic anticyclone (b) the intensity of the flow that penetrates from the tropical Atlantic. The second mode, referred as the Equatorial Westerly mode, contributes the most to moisture input from the Atlantic onto the subcontinent at tropical latitudes. Substantial correlations in austral summer between the Atlantic moisture flux in the tropics and rainfall over the upper lands surrounding the Congo basin suggest the potential role played by this zonal mode of water vapour transport. Composites for austral summer months when this Equatorial Westerly mode had a particularly strong expression, show an enhanced moisture input at tropical latitudes that feeds into the deep convection occurring over the Congo basin. Sustained meridional energy fluxes result in above normal rainfall east and south of the Congo belt. During years of reduced equatorial westerly moisture flux, a deficit of available humidity occurs in the southern tropics. A concomitant eastward shift of deep convection to the southwest Indian ocean and southeastern Africa, leads to below normal rainfall over the uplands surrounding the Congo basin. 相似文献
10.
ON THE PROCESS OF SUMMER MONSOON ONSET OVER EAST ASIA 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Using daily observational rainfall data covered 194 stations of China from 1961 to 1995 andNCEP model analyzed pentad precipitation data of global grid point from 1979 to 1997,thedistribution of onset date of rainy season over Asian area from spring to summer is studied in thispaper.The analyzed results show that there exist two stages of rainy season onset over East Asianregion from spring to summer rainy season onset accompanying subtropical monsoon and tropicalmonsoon respectively.The former rain belt is mainly formed by the convergence of cold air and therecurred southwesterly flow from western part of subtropical high and westerly flow from the so-called western trough of subtropical region occurring during winter to spring over South Asia.Thelatter is formed in the process of subtropical monsoon rain belt over inshore regions of South ChinaSea originally coming from south of Changjiang (Yangtze) River Basin advancing with northwardshift of subtropical high after the onset of tropical monsoon over South China Sea.The pre-floodrainy season over South China region then came into mature period and the second peak of rainfallappeared.Meiyu,the rainy season over Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin and North China thenformed consequently.The process of summer tropical monsoon onset over South China Sea in 1998is also discussed in this paper.It indicated that the monsoon during summer tropical monsoononset over South China Sea is the result of the westerly flow over middle part of South China Sea,which is from the new generated cyclone formed in north subtropical high entering into SouthChina Sea,converged with the tropical southwesterly flow recurred by the intensified cross-equatorial flow. 相似文献
11.
中国南方地区冬季风降水异常的分析 总被引：26，自引：5，他引：26
1997/1998和1998/1999年冬季是中国南方典型的多雨年和少雨年,它们分别发生在El Ni~no年和La Nina年。为了了解这两个冬季降水异常的原因,通过对比分析方法对这两个冬季的大气环流和水汽输送的差异进行了研究。结果表明:多雨年与ENSO事件的暖期相联系,西风带槽脊偏东偏弱,东亚冬季风减弱,副热带高压增强,对流层低层距平流场上呈现两个反气旋和一个气旋性环流,中心位于长江流域的气旋性环流的垂直结构和形成机理与菲律宾海反气旋不同。少雨年赤道海温的距平分布及高低层环流系统都与多雨年几乎相反。研究还揭示,冬季中国南方地区的水汽主要来自南支西风带低槽前部的西南气流和南海—中南半岛上空的转向气流,水汽输送通道随高度有明显的变化。1997/1998年冬季加强的南支西风气流和菲律宾海异常反气旋有利于水汽向中国大陆输送;1998/1999年南支西风气流弱,中国东南沿海低层为冷性高压控制,两支水汽输送带都大大减弱。这种水汽输送的明显年际变化是造成这2年冬季南方降水明显差异的一个关键因子。 相似文献
12.
2002年南海季风建立及其雨带变化的天气学研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
利用南海海 气通量观测试验资料结合NCEP ,GPCP以及GMS - 5云图资料 ,综合分析了 2 0 0 2年 5～ 6月南海西南季风建立过程及其雨带变化 ,确定 5月 14日西沙及北部海区西南季风爆发 ,5月 15日整个南海季风爆发 ,季风爆发时间属于正常年 ;季风爆发时风向、风速、云量、降水、湿度、辐射及海面温度等要素都发生突变。这种突变是由大气环流的突变造成的。季风爆发前后大气环流变化过程是 :80～ 90°E越赤道气流加强 ,同时印缅低压加深 ,孟加拉湾南北向气压梯度增大 ,而后东亚大陆上气旋发展东移 ,副热带高压东撤 ,孟加拉湾低压槽前的赤道西风突然加强越过中南半岛 ,南海北部首先出现强西南风 ,继而南海季风迅速地全面爆发。孟加拉湾西南风加强到南海季风爆发是一个连续的过程 ,大陆冷空气南下起了重要的作用。南海季风爆发时呈现单雨带型 ,而后由单雨带型转变为双雨带型 ,雨带受副热带高压和季风系统共同影响 ,并且随着副热带高压移动位置变化。 相似文献
13.
利用地面自动站降雨量资料和NCEP 1°×1°的每6小时再分析资料,从能量、南风脉动、温度平流和地形作用,分析了登陆台风＂灿都＂减弱后其外围偏东南气流向北输送造成四川盆地西部持续暴雨天气过程。结果表明：蒙古高压加强发展,然后与西伸加强的西太平洋副热带高压合并,形成阻塞形势、高空副散流场和西南季风的活跃都有利于南海源源不断的水汽输送到暴雨区辐合上升;暴雨发生在大气不稳定的层结环境中;台风登陆形成南风脉动造成暴雨区风速风向辐合明显,低层暖平流触发MCS发生发展,形成强降水;地形抬升作用加强暖湿气流辐合上升运动,促使暴雨增幅。 相似文献
14.
夏季亚洲季风槽的断裂过程及其结构特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文分析了1982年7月一次亚洲季风槽的断裂过程。结果发现,在盛夏亚洲季风盛行期间,中南半岛与南海地区的季风槽可在西太平洋副热带高压东退与孟加拉湾季风低压的西移过程中断裂消失。与此同时,热带西南季风北进,梅雨雨带北移,雨景加大。此外,根据季风区内纬向风的垂直结构,说明了下列事实的成因:在印度和中南半岛季风槽附近及其南侧广大地区内,经常出现大量的季风云团和季风低压;而在西太平洋季风槽的北侧及槽的附近,则经常产生强的热带气旋和台风螺旋云系;南海地区的状况介于以上两者之间,在这里可以有弱的台风生成,也可以有季风云团存在。 相似文献
15.
The characteristics of moisture transport and budget of widespread heavy
rain and local heavy rain events in Northeast China are studied using the
NCEP--NCAR reanalysis 6-hourly and daily data and daily precipitation data
of 200 stations in Northeast China from 1961--2005. The results demonstrate
that during periods with widespread heavy rain in Northeast China, the Asian
monsoon is very active and the monsoonal northward moisture transport is
strengthened significantly. The widespread heavy rainfall obtains enhanced
water vapor supply from large regions where the water vapor mainly
originates from the Asian monsoon areas, which include the East Asian
subtropical monsoon area, the South China Sea, and the southeast
and southwest tropical monsoon regions. There are several branches of
monsoonal moisture current converging on East China and its coastal areas,
where they are strengthened and then continue northward into Northeast
China. Thus, the enhanced northward monsoonal moisture transport is the key
to the widespread heavy rain in Northeast China. In contrast, local heavy
rainfall in Northeast China derives water vapor from limited areas,
transported by the westerlies. Local evaporation also plays an important
role in the water vapor supply and local recycling process of moisture. In
short, the widespread heavy rains of Northeast China are mainly caused by
water vapor advection brought by the Asian monsoon, whereas local heavy
rainfall is mainly caused by the convergence of the westerly wind field. 相似文献
16.
In this paper, a diagnostic study is carried out with global analysis data sets to determine how the large scale atmospheric circulation affecting the anomalous drought of the Indian summer monsoon 2002. The daily analysis obtained from National Centre for Environmental Prediction/National Centre for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) for the month of July is used to investigate the mean circulation characteristics and the large scale energetics over the Indian monsoon domain. Examination of rainfall revealed that the summer monsoon (JJAS) rainfall of 2002 over India is 22% below normal in which the large deficit of 56% below normal rainfall in July. The recent past drought during summer season of 2004 and 2009 are 12 and 23%, respectively, below normal rainfall. The large deficit of rainfall in 2009 is from the June month with 48% below normal rainfall, where as 2004 drought contributed from July (19%) and August (24%). Another significant facet of the rainfall in July 2002 is lowest ever recorded in the past 138 years (1871–2008). The circulation features illustrated weak low level westerly wind at 850 hPa (Somali Jet) in July during large deficit rainfall years of 1987 and 2002 with a reduction of about 30% when compared with the excess and normal rainfall years of 1988 and 2003. Also, tropical easterly jet at 150 hPa reduced by 15% during the deficit rainfall year of 2002 against the excess rainfall year of 1988. Both the jet streams are responsible for low level convergence and upper level divergence leading to build up moisture and convective activity to sustain the strength of the monsoon circulation. These changes are well reflected in reduction of tropospheric moisture profile considerably. It is found that the maximum number of west pacific cyclonic system during July 2002 is also influenced for large deficit rainfall over India. The dynamic, thermodynamic and energetic clearly show the monsoon break type situation over India in the month of July 2002 resulting less convective activity and the reduction of moisture. The large diabatic heating, flux convergence of heat and moisture over south east equatorial Indian Ocean are also responsible for drought situation in July 2002 over the Indian region. 相似文献
17.
本文通过与观测和再分析资料的对比,评估了LASG/IAP发展的气候系统模式FGOALS的两个版本FGOALS-g2和FGOALS-s2对南亚夏季风的气候态和年际变率的模拟能力,并使用水汽收支方程诊断,研究了造成降水模拟偏差的原因。结果表明,两个模式夏季气候态降水均在陆地季风槽内偏少,印度半岛附近海域偏多,在降水年循环中表现为夏季北侧辐合带北推范围不足。FGOALS-g2中赤道印度洋"东西型"海温偏差导致模拟的东赤道印度洋海上辐合带偏弱,而FGOALS-s2中印度洋"南北型"海温偏差导致模拟的海上辐合带偏向西南。水汽收支分析表明,两个模式中气候态夏季风降水的模拟偏差主要来自于整层积分的水汽通量,尤其是垂直动力平流项的模拟偏差。一方面,夏季阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾的海温偏冷而赤道西印度洋海温偏暖,造成向印度半岛的水汽输送偏少;另一方面,对流层温度偏冷,冷中心位于印度半岛北部对流层上层,同时季风槽内总云量偏少,云长波辐射效应偏弱,对流层经向温度梯度偏弱以及大气湿静力稳定度偏强引起的下沉异常造成陆地季风槽内降水偏少。在年际变率上,观测中南亚夏季风环流和降水指数与Ni?o3.4指数存在负相关关系,但FGOALS两个版本模式均存在较大偏差。两个模式中与ENSO暖事件相关的沃克环流异常下沉支和对应的负降水异常西移至赤道以南的热带中西印度洋,沿赤道非对称的加热异常令两个模式中越赤道环流季风增强,导致印度半岛南部产生正降水异常。ENSO相关的沃克环流异常下沉支及其对应的负降水异常偏西与两个模式对热带南印度洋气候态降水的模拟偏差有关。研究结果表明,若要提高FGOALS两个版本模式对南亚夏季风气候态模拟技巧,需减小耦合模式对印度洋海温、对流层温度及云的模拟偏差;若要提高南亚夏季风和ENSO相关性模拟技巧需要提高模式对热带印度洋气候态降水以及与ENSO相关的环流异常的模拟能力。 相似文献
18.
By using 40-year NCEP reanalysis daily data (1958-1997), we have analyzed the climatic
characteristics of summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea (105°E ~ 120°E, 5°N ~ 20°N, to be simplified
as SCS in the text followed) pentad by pentad (5 days). According to our new definition, in the monsoon area of
the SCS two of the following conditions should be satisfied: 1) At 850hPa, the southwest winds should be greater
than 2m/s. 2) At 850 hPa, θse should be greater than 335°K. The new definition means that the summer
monsoon is the southwest winds with high temperature and high moisture. The onset of the SCS summer monsoon
is defined to start when one half of the SCS area (105°E ~ 120°E,5°N ~ 20°N) is controlled by the summer
monsoon. The analyzed results revealed the following: 1) The summer monsoon in the SCS starts to build up abruptly
in the 4th pentad in May. 2) The summer monsoon onset in the SCS is resulted from the development and
intensification of southwesterly monsoon in the Bay of Bengal. 3) The onset of the summer monsoon and
establishment of the summer monsoon rainfall season in the SCS occur simultaneously. 4) During the summer
monsoon onset in the SCS, troughs deepen and widen quickly in the lower troposphere of the India; the
subtropical high in the Western Pacific moves eastward off the SCS in the middle troposphere; the easterly
advances northward over the SCS in the upper troposphere. 相似文献
19.
2013年6月26—29日江西梅雨锋暴雨天气过程分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用实况资料和NECP再分析资料,对2013年6月26—29日江西连续暴雨天气过程进行天气学分析。结果表明,在典型的梅雨环流背景条件下,南亚高压,副高和西南季风的爆发,加之高空低槽和中低层持续性切变等系统共同配合造成了此次暴雨过程。此次过程水汽条件充沛,有2条明显的水汽输送通道:一条从孟加拉湾由西南季风分别通过云贵高原和中南半岛北部输送至副高西北侧;另一条从南海西北部由副高西侧的偏南气流向北输送。两股水汽在副高西北侧汇合加强并沿副高边缘向江南上空输送。西南季风是此次梅雨锋暴雨的关键因素,一方面有利于水汽的输送,另一方面触发了一次次的强降水天气。西南季风加强的时段与几次降水加强时段一一对应。低层锋生作用对梅雨锋有维持和加强作用。梅雨锋区的南侧存在垂直反环流圈。有次级环流上升支触发时,降水增大,造成暴雨增辐。 相似文献
20.
本文利用观测资料、广西中尺度自动站资料及FNL资料,分析了2022年2月中下旬影响桂北的一次低温雨雪冰冻天气。分析表明：（1）过程期间中高纬为两槽一脊型,乌拉尔山高压脊强盛发展,东移缓慢;脊前的强冷空气与南支槽前的西南暖湿气流在华南交汇为此次低温雨雪天气的产生提供了有利的环流形势。此次过程产生的重要原因是低层强锋区稳定维持。（2）从降雨转为雨夹雪,温度垂直结构,逆温层的高度、厚度及强度、0度层的高度,近地面融化层的厚度、地面温度都有显著变化。（3）持续的中低层水汽输送和辐合利于冰冻雨雪天气的发生及维持（4）湿层厚度的变化对雨雪相态的转化有一定的指示意义。 相似文献