共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
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无机改性膨润土防渗层性能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过实验室实验确定2mol/L氯化镁、0.5mol/L硫酸和450℃高温为天然钠基膨润土盐改性、酸改性和高温改性的最佳条件。采用上述3种无机改性方式填装防渗层,就其对垃圾渗滤液中主要污染物去除的有效性和控制垃圾渗滤液渗透的可行性进行研究。实验结果显示:3种无机改性膨润土的吸附能力和容量有所提高;渗透系数可达到1×10-7cm/s以下,可以作为"反应型"防渗层材料;在相同渗透量下,高温改性膨润土对垃圾渗滤液中主要污染物的去除效果最好,其次是酸改性膨润土,盐改性膨润土最差。 相似文献
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文章研究了pH值、改性剂用量和改性时间对聚合氯化铝改性膨润土去除水溶液中Cr^6＋效率的影响。实验结果表明：（1）在不同pH值条件下改性得到的聚合氯化铝改性膨润土对水溶液中Cr^6＋的去除效果明显不同。在80℃反应5 h制得的聚合氯化铝改性膨润土,在pH值=7的中性条件下改性得到的改性膨润土对水溶液中Cr^6＋（取0.5g聚合氯化铝改性膨润土处理5mg/L重铬酸钾溶液100ml）的去除率达到最大值（98.35%）。（2）改性剂用量对聚合氯化铝改性膨润土去除水溶液中Cr^6＋影响很大。当pH值=7,在80℃反应5 h的条件下改性膨润土,改性剂聚合氯化铝选用13mmol/g膨润土为宜。（3）改性时间对聚合氯化铝改性信阳膨润土去除Cr^6＋有一定的影响。当改性剂的用量为15mmol/g,pH值=9,反应温度为80℃条件下,最佳改性反应时间是4 h。 相似文献
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为探究赤泥改性黄土的基本工程特性,进行无侧限抗压试验、直剪试验及渗透试验,得出赤泥改性黄土的最佳配比,建立了抗剪强度、无侧限抗压强度与电阻率的经验公式。通过动三轴试验,分析了循环动荷载下改性黄土的累积塑性变形、动弹性模量及浸出毒性。结果表明,随赤泥含量增加,改性黄土无侧限抗压强度和黏聚力都先增大后减小,当赤泥含量为15%时其28 d无侧限抗压强度达到3.5 MPa,较不掺入赤泥时提高约34.7%;改性黄土的渗透系数随赤泥含量增加先快速降低,至赤泥含量5%后趋于稳定;改性黄土的抗剪强度、无侧限抗压强度与电阻率呈良好的线性关系;改性黄土在循环动荷载下的临界动应力达600 kPa,最大动弹性模量比未改性黄土高出6倍,且其浸出液不具有浸出毒性。 相似文献
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对福建沙县钾长石粉合成的13X沸石及其与取自山东铝业公司的赤泥混合使用时除砷的效果和适宜条件进行实验。结果表明，以单一的13X沸石为吸附剂时，改变沸石用量和溶液的酸度均不能有效去除砷；赤泥和沸石混合使用时对低浓度砷（〈5mg／L）具有良好的去除效果。适宜的吸附条件为赤泥用量2g／L，沸石用量1．5g／L，pH值约为8，平衡时间1h。实验表明，赤泥在混合吸附剂除砷过程中起着重要的作用，沸石与赤泥的合理混合使用，对于含砷重金属废水处理具有重要意义。对可能的机理进行了探讨。 相似文献
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钼是典型的环境敏感元素，同时也是潜在的稀有金属元素，为了查明钼元素在原煤和煤灰中含量特征及其在固（体）液（体）间的迁移规律，选取陕南石煤及煤灰样为研究对象，利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）分析样品中钼元素含量，通过浸泡实验模拟纯水、酸性、碱性和矿井水4种溶液中石煤及煤灰中钼元素浸出率。结果显示:石煤中钼元素含量为315.4~785.4 μg/g，煤灰中钼元素含量675.5~1 005.1 μg/g，燃烧后钼元素具有向石煤灰中富集（迁移）的趋势；不同类型溶液对石煤中钼元素均呈现不同程度的浸出率，总体特征为酸性溶液中钼元素的浸出率普遍偏低，低于其他3种类型溶液；而石煤灰中钼元素在不同溶液中浸出率不同于石煤样，总体特征为酸性溶液中钼元素的浸出率较高。结合浸出量进一步分析表明，酸性条件抑制了石煤中钼元素的迁出能力，而石煤灰样在酸性溶液中的钼浸出率与浸出量普遍高于其他类型溶液。分析认为，有氧燃烧使有机质释放钼元素、含钼矿热解、对钼的吸附能力等方面发生了变化，导致石煤灰中钼元素的迁移能力有所提升。研究认识具有环境保护和钼元素提取利用双重指导意义。 相似文献
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以水源水为处理对象,通过对沸石进行酸、盐、高温改性和氨氮去除试验,考察沸石粒径、接触时间、温度等因素对氨氮去除的影响。结果表明,经盐(NaCl)改性的沸石对氨氮有较高的去除率,对于氨氮浓度为4.43mg/L的水源水,在粒径0.8～1.7mm、温度25℃的条件下,经15min接触,氨氮浓度可降至0.3mg/L,去除率可达93.2%。改性沸石对氨氮的去除机理是沸石表面(及内部孔隙)吸附作用和离子交换作用。对于普通自来水厂,只需将快滤池中常用的石英砂部分替换成改性沸石即可有效去除饮用水中的氨氮。经测算其投资仅增加33～39元/m3,运行费用基本不变。 相似文献
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在不同的环境条件下,以北京昌平小汤山的阿苏卫垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液为研究对象,以COD、氨氮为评价指标,进行了赤泥吸附垃圾渗滤液中有害物质的实验,研究了赤泥的COD、氨氮吸附效果与其用量、渗滤液pH、温度、振荡时间的关系.实验表明,赤泥对氨氮有一定的吸附能力. 相似文献
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Bo Peng Xiaoyan Tang Changxun Yu Shurong Xie Meilian Xiao Zhi Song Xianglin Tu 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(2):421-434
The acid mine drainage (AMD) discharged from the Hejiacun uranium mine in central Hunan (China) was sampled and analyzed using
ICP-MS techniques. The analyzing results show that the AMD is characterized by the major ions FeTotal, Mn, Al and Si, and is concentrated with heavy metals and metalloids including Cd, Co, Ni, Zn, U, Cu, Pb, Tl, V, Cr, Se,
As and Sb. During the AMD flowing downstream, the dissolved heavy metals were removed from the AMD waters through adsorption
onto and co-precipitation with metal-oxhydroxides coated on the streambed. Among these metals, Cd, Co, Ni, Zn, U, Cu, Pb and
Tl are negatively correlated to pH values, and positively correlated to major ions Fe, Al, Si, Mn, Mg, Ca and K. The metals/metalloids
V, Cr, Se, As and Sb are conservative in the AMD solution, and negatively-correlated to major ions Na, Ca and Mg. Due to the
above different behaviors of these chemical elements, the pH-negatively related metals (PM) and the conservative metals (CM)
are identified; the PM metals include Cd, Co, Ni, Zn, U, Cu, Pb and Tl, and the CM metals V, Cr, Se, As and Sb. Based on understanding
the geochemistry of PM and CM metals in the AMD waters, a new equation: EXT = (Acidity + PM)/pH + CM × pH, is proposed to
estimate and evaluate extent of heavy-metal pollution (EXT) of AMD. The evaluation results show that the AMD and surface waters
of the mine area have high EXT values, and they could be the potential source of heavy-metal contamination of the surrounding
environment. Therefore, it is suggested that both the AMD and surface waters should be treated before they are drained out
of the mine district, for which the traditional dilution and neutralization methods can be applied to remove the PM metals
from the AMD waters, and new techniques through reducing the pH value of the downstream AMD waters should be developed for
removal of the CM metals. 相似文献
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A. M. Álvarez-Valero R. Pérez-López J. Matos M. A. Capitán J. M. Nieto R. Sáez J. Delgado M. Caraballo 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(8):1797-1809
São Domingos like other long-term activity mines of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) dating back to pre-Roman times, is supposed to produce considerable amounts of mining wastes which cause significant downstream negative environment impact related to the acid mine drainage (AMD) production and high content of potentially toxic metals and metalloids in Chanza and Guadiana Rivers. The AMD production of a given mining waste depends on the ratio of its acid production to neutralizing phases. In this work, a chemical and mineralogical characterization of the sulphide-rich wastes from São Domingos has been developed to discriminate which residues are the main sources of AMD generation. A total of 47 representative samples of the different residue types were collected to estimate their possible contamination hazards through detailed studies of (1) for a mineralogical characterization: reflected-light optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and XRD analysis; and (2) for a chemical characterization: bulk-rock analysis. AMD prediction by the standard acid-base accounting method (ABA) was used in order to determine the acidification potential of each residue type. This study also offers an estimation of the contribution of toxic elements to the environment, being thus, a base for future remediation actions at São Domingos and other abandoned massive sulphide mines within the IPB. 相似文献
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酸性矿坑废水对流域酸化的影响——以贵州兴仁县典型废弃煤矿区小流域为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
人们在开采使用矿产资源的同时,堆弃大量含有硫化物的废弃矿石和废渣于周围环境中。矿山环境中因硫化矿物氧化,导致采矿产生大量的酸性矿坑排水。这种水体具有低pH值,高电导率,高硫酸根和高重金属含量的特征。酸性矿坑排水对下游水生生物及植物等具有很强的毒性,大量排放引起的环境问题受到广泛关注。为了了解酸性矿山排水对流域水体和土壤的影响,本文选择位于贵州省西南部兴仁的一个典型废弃煤矿区进行研究,通过测定矿坑排水、水库水、河水的pH值和EC,以及土壤的pH值,分析矿坑排水、地表水以及土壤pH值的空间变化情况,在此基础上对矿坑排水对流域酸化的影响进行了综合评价。调查结果表明,酸性矿坑排水和受其影响的水库水体的电导率很高,且pH值均小于3。研究区域地表水（水库水、河水）本底水化学类型为Ca2+-HCO3-型,其pH值在7左右,反映了流域内有碳酸盐岩广泛分布的自然环境特征。当受到酸性矿坑排水影响后,水化学类型转变为Ca2+-SO42-型,pH值则低于4.0。通常,酸性矿坑排水在流动过程中与河床的碳酸盐岩发生中和反应,促使水体的pH升高。野外考察发现,研究区河道中碳酸盐岩中空易碎,其CaCO3成分因长期与酸性矿山排水发生反应而被耗尽。同时,在氧化条件下,酸性矿坑排水中的铁在流动过程中生成大量的氢氧化物覆盖了沿程的河床。这种覆盖作用抑制了酸性矿山排水进一步与碳酸盐岩发生中和反应。因此,在研究区分布有广泛的碳酸盐岩情况下,受酸性矿坑排水影响的河水到下游5 km处仍保持较低的pH值。研究区的主要农作物是水稻,其灌溉水源主要是水库水。为了了解酸性矿坑排水对土壤的影响,对水库下游流域土壤pH值的空间分布进行普查,统计其出现的频率。结果表明,以受酸性矿坑排水影响的水库水作为灌溉水源的土壤,其表土的pH值较低,平均值在5.0左右。反之,土壤表土的pH值平均值在6.5左右。此外,通过对受到酸性矿坑排水影响显著的土壤进行剖面调查,发现从地表到深度90 cm的土壤的pH值均小于4.0。结合受酸性矿坑排水影响的河水pH值普遍偏低的情况可以推测流域酸化与酸性矿坑排水有密切关系。 相似文献
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N. F. Gray 《Environmental Geology》1996,27(4):358-361
Both sulfate and conductivity are useful indicators of acid mine drainage (AMD) contamination. Unlike pH, they are both extremely sensitive to AMD even where large dilutions have occurred. The advantage of using sulfate to trace AMD is that unlike other ions it is not removed to any great extent by sorption or precipitation processes, being unaffected by fluctuations in pH. These two parameters are also closely associated as would be expected, as conductivity is especially sensitive to sulfate ions. Therefore, as sulfate analysis is difficult in the field, conductivity can be used to predict sulfate concentration in both AMD and contaminated surface waters using regression analysis. Most accurate predictions are achieved by using equations given for specific conductivity ranges or AMD sources. There is also potential to use conductivity to predict approximate concentrations of key metals when the pH of the water is within their respective solubility ranges. 相似文献
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N. F. Gray 《Environmental Geology》1997,30(1-2):62-71
Work carried out at the abandoned copper (Cu) and sulphur (S) mine at Avoca (south east Ireland) has shown acid mine drainage
(AMD) to be a multi-factor pollutant. It affects aquatic ecosystems by a number of direct and indirect pathways. Major impact
areas are rivers, lakes, estuaries and coastal waters, although AMD affects different aquatic ecosystems in different ways.
Due to its complexity, the impact of AMD is difficult to quantify and predict, especially in riverine systems. Pollutional
effects of AMD are complex but can be categorized as (a) metal toxicity, (b) sedimentation processes, (c) acidity, and (d)
salinization. Remediation of such impacts requires a systems management approach which is outlined. A number of working procedures
which have been developed to characterise AMD sites, to produce surface water quality management plans, and to remediate mine
sites and AMD are all discussed.
Received: 16 January 1996 · Accepted: 5 March 1996 相似文献
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Prediction of acid mine drainage generation potential in selected mines in the Ashanti Metallogenic Belt using static geochemical methods 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Acid mine/rock drainage (AMD/ARD) is the biggest environmental threat facing the mining industry. This study investigates
AMD/ARD possibilities in three mines in the Ashanti Belt, using acid base accounting (ABA) and net acid generation pH (NAGpH)
tests. Twenty-eight samples of rock units and mine spoil from these mines were collected for ABA and NAGpH tests. Two tailing
dumps at Prestea and Nsuta were confirmed by both methods as acid generating with NAGpH of 4.5 and 4.6 and neutralization
potential ratio values of 4.38 and 4.60, respectively. Six other samples are classified as potentially acid generating using
a variety of established classification criteria. The rest of the samples either exhibited very low sulphur and carbonate
content or had excess carbonate over sulphur. Consistency between results from ABA and NAGpH tests validates these tests as
adequate tools for preliminary evaluation of AMD/ARD possibilities in any mining project in the Ashanti Belt. 相似文献
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Hydrogeochemical characteristics of acid mine drainage and water pollution at Makum Coalfield,India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the severe environmental problems that coal mines are facing. Generation of AMD in the northeastern part of India due to the coal mining activities has long been reported. However detailed geochemical characterization of AMD and its impact on water quality of various creeks, river and groundwater in the area has never been reported. Coal and coal measure rocks in the study area show finely disseminated pyrite crystals. Secondary solid phases, resulted due to oxidation of pyrite, occur on the surface of coal, and are mainly consisting of hydrated sulphate complexes of Fe and Mg (copiapite group of minerals). The direct mine discharges are highly acidic (up to pH 2.3) to alkaline (up to pH 7.6) in nature with high concentration of SO42−. Acidic discharges are highly enriched with Fe, Al, Mn, Ni, Pb and Cd, while Cr, Cu, Zn and Co are below their maximum permissible limit in most mine discharges. Creeks that carrying the direct mine discharges are highly contaminated; whereas major rivers are not much impacted by AMD. Ground water close to the collieries and AMD affected creeks are highly contaminated by Mn, Fe and Pb. Through geochemical modeling, it is inferred that jarosite is stable at pH less than 2.5, schwertmannite at pH less than 4.5, ferrihydrite above 5.8 and goethite is stable over wide range of pH, from highly acidic to alkaline condition. 相似文献
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酸性矿山废水中生物成因次生高铁矿物的形成及环境工程意义 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
酸性矿山废水(acid mine drainage,AMD)是一类pH低并含有大量有毒金属元素的废水。AMD及受其影响的环境中次生高铁矿物类型主要包括羟基硫酸高铁矿物(如黄铁矾和施威特曼石等)和一些含水氧化铁矿物(如针铁矿和水铁矿等),而且这些矿物在不同条件下会发生相转变,如施氏矿物向针铁矿或黄铁矾矿物相转化。基于酸性环境中生物成因次生矿物的形成会"自然钝化"或"清除"废水中铁和有毒金属这一现象所获得的启示,提出利用这些矿物作为环境吸附材料去除地下水中砷,不但吸附量大(如施氏矿物对As的吸附可高达120mg/g),而且可直接吸附As(III),还几乎不受地下水中其他元素影响。利用AMD环境中羟基硫酸高铁矿物形成的原理,可将其应用于AMD石灰中和主动处理系统中,构成"强化微生物氧化诱导成矿-石灰中和"的联合主动处理系统,以提高AMD处理效果和降低石灰用量。利用微生物强化氧化与次生矿物晶体不断生长的原理构筑生物渗透性反应墙(PRB)并和石灰石渗透沟渠耦联,形成新型的AMD联合被动处理系统,这将有助于大幅度增加处理系统的寿命和处理效率。此外,文中还探讨了上述生物成因矿物形成在AMD和地下水处理方面应用的优点以及今后需要继续研究的问题。 相似文献
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P. Marescotti C. Carbone L. De Capitani G. Grieco G. Lucchetti D. Servida 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(8):1613-1626
Active acid mine drainage (AMD) processes at the Libiola Fe-Cu sulphides mine are mainly triggered by water–rock interaction
occurring within open-air tailing and waste-rock dumps. These processes are mainly controlled by exposure to weathering agents,
the grain size of the dumped materials, and by the quantity of sulphides, the sulphide types, and their mode of occurrence.
Due to these factors, several paragenetic stages of evolution have been recognised at different depths at different sites
and within the same site. The dump samples were investigated with mineralogical (reflected- and transmitted-light optical
microscopy, XRPD, and SEM-EDS) and geochemical (ICP-AES, Leco) techniques. The AMD evaluation of the tailing and waste-rock
samples was performed by calculating the Maximum Potential Acidity, the Acid Neutralising Capacity, (and the Net Acid Producing
Potential. The results allowed us to demonstrate that the open-air tailings had already superseded their AMD apex and are
now practically inert material composed mainly of stable goethite ± lepidocrocite ± hematite assemblages. On the contrary,
the sulphide-rich waste rocks still have a strong potential to produce long term AMD, causing the acidification of circulating
waters and the release of several hazardous elements. 相似文献
20.
Acid mine drainage (AMD) occurs when sulfide minerals are exposed to an oxidizing environment. Most of the methods for preventing
AMD are either short-term or high cost solutions. Coating with iron phosphate is a new technology for the abatement of AMD.
It involves treating the sulfide with a coating solution composed of H2O2, KH2PO4, and sodium acetate as a buffer agent. The H2O2 oxidizes the sulfide surface and produces Fe3+ so that iron phosphate precipitates as a coating on the sulfide surface. Experiments performed under laboratory conditions
prove that an iron phosphate coating can be established on pyrrhotite surfaces with optimal concentrations of the coating
solution in the range of: 0.2M/0.01M H2O2, 0.2M KH2PO4, and 0.2M sodium acetate NaAc, depending on the experimental scale. Iron phosphate coating may be a long-term solution to
the problem of AMD. The method would be easy to implement; the reagent cost, however, is not low enough, although it is lower
than the conventional treatment with lime.
Received: 30 March 1995 · Accepted: 6 September 1995 相似文献