共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
在不同的环境条件下,以北京昌平小汤山的阿苏卫垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液为研究对象,以COD、氨氮为评价指标,进行了赤泥吸附垃圾渗滤液中有害物质的实验,研究了赤泥的COD、氨氮吸附效果与其用量、渗滤液pH、温度、振荡时间的关系.实验表明,赤泥对氨氮有一定的吸附能力. 相似文献
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片沸石、钙基膨润土去除垃圾渗滤液中有害物质的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以位于北京昌平小汤山的阿苏卫垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液为研究对象,在不同的环境条件下:酸度(pH=5~9),温度(4℃~30℃),利用片沸石、钙基膨润土去除垃圾渗滤液中有害物质的实验,以化学耗氧量(COD)、氨氮为评价指标,分别探讨片沸石、钙基膨润土的COD、氨氮去除效果与其用量、渗滤液pH、温度、振荡时间的关系。研究表明,在实验条件下,片沸石对COD的最大去除量约为31×10-3,对氨氮的最大去除量约为27×10-3;去除COD、氨氮的最佳条件分别为:片沸石用量20 g/L、pH为5、温度4℃、振荡时间100 min。在实验条件下,钙基膨润土对COD的最大去除量约为63×10-3,对氨氮的最大去除量约为14×10-3;去除COD、氨氮的最佳条件分别为:钙基膨润土用量30 g/L、pH为5、温度4℃、振荡时间100 min。根据实验结果,对片沸石、钙基膨润土去除COD、氨氮的机理主要是氢键、静电作用及离子交换作用。 相似文献
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磷石膏渗滤液对碳酸盐岩及岩溶地下水产生重要影响，但其影响机制尚不清楚。本文开展了磷石膏渗滤液对碳酸盐岩的溶蚀试验，对比分析了不同pH值、水动力条件及溶蚀时间对研究区不同碳酸盐岩样品的溶蚀效果，探讨各试验条件对溶蚀作用的影响机制。结果表明：岩样失重率呈现对数型增长趋势；渗滤液pH值为1.86的试验组中岩样失重率大小依次为娄山关组、法郎组、青岩组，pH值为2.71的试验组中岩样失重率大小依次为：法郎组、青岩组、娄山关组；动态试验失重率明显高于静态试验。渗滤液pH值和水动力条件与其他变量的交互作用均表现强烈，渗滤液pH值、水动力条件及二者间交互作用对岩样溶蚀的影响在试验前期作用较大而在后期减弱，岩石层组类别在试验后期作用凸显。整体上看，试验变量对岩样失重率的影响作用大小依次为渗滤液pH值、溶蚀时间、水动力条件、岩石层组类别。 相似文献
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以位于北京昌平小汤山的阿苏卫垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液为研究对象,在不同的环境条件下,酸度(pH=5～9)、温度(4～30 ℃),进行了沸石、膨润土去除垃圾渗滤液中有害物质的实验[1]. 相似文献
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褐铁矿和白云石对垃圾渗滤液厌氧消化增强作用的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
垃圾渗滤液治理一直是城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场的难题。能否利用矿物-微生物交互作用提高垃圾渗滤液有机污染物厌氧转化的效率是值得研究的问题。本文设置4组厌氧生物反应器(分别为只添加褐铁矿或者白云石、同时添加褐铁矿和白云石以及不添加矿物的空白组),考察添加褐铁矿、白云石对垃圾渗滤液厌氧消化的影响。实验结果表明,厌氧生化反应12 d时,添加了褐铁矿和白云石的反应器中COD去除率均达到80%以上,而空白对照组COD去除率仅为50%;4组反应器中溶液pH值变化表明,矿物的存在提高了溶液的pH值0.5左右;4组反应器中氨氮含量变化不大,也没有表现出明显差异。研究认为褐铁矿或白云石矿物在垃圾渗滤液中有机物的厌氧消化过程中起到了重要促进作用。研究结果为提高垃圾渗滤液厌氧处理效率提供了一个可供参考的方法。 相似文献
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鸟粪石结晶法预处理垃圾渗滤液中高浓度氨氮的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用鸟粪石结晶法预处理垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度氨氮,通过单因素实验和正交实验探讨了pH值、添加剂种类、添加剂比例、反应时间4个因素对氨氮去除率的影响,结合反应过程中的经济成本得出鸟粪石结晶法最佳工艺条件为:pH=9,添加剂为MgC12·6H2O和Na2HPO4·12H2O,n(Mg2+):n(NH4+):n(PO43-)=1:1:1,反应时间15min,氨氮去除率达到90.13%,剩余氨氮在300mg/L以下。通过XRD和ESEM分析,沉淀产物为鸟粪石。实验表明鸟粪石结晶法可以有效去除垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度氨氮,为后续使用生物法处理提供条件,也可以弥补矿物吸附法去除氨氮的不足。可将其与生物法、矿物吸附法等方法组合使用,综合处理垃圾渗滤液。 相似文献
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气象要素与蒸发密切相关,通过室内外不同气象条件下的器皿水蒸发实验,获得了水面蒸发氢氧稳定同位素分馏因子与气象要素的关系。实验结果表明,随着蒸发的进行,剩余水体中逐渐富集重同位素;自由水体蒸发同位素分馏在垂线上有分层现象,表层水体同位素值比垂线平均的同位素值略富集;不同温度条件下的室内蒸发实验中,温度越高,液-气间分馏系数越小,相应于同一剩余水体体积比,剩余水体稳定同位素值则越低。室外器皿水自由蒸发实验中得出的蒸发线方程斜率较大地偏离了当地降水线,表明实验期间水体蒸发分馏作用较明显。该研究为进一步揭示水体蒸发分馏规律提供了可靠的实验依据。 相似文献
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低温条件下长石溶解模拟实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了研究有机酸和无机酸对长石的溶解能力以及不同有机酸对长石溶解能力的差异,笔者等在80℃条件下,在不同pH值（4、6和8）的分别含有盐酸、乙酸和草酸的溶液中,对碱性长石和斜长石进行了溶解模拟实验研究。实验结果表明：酸性(pH=4)和弱酸性(pH=6)条件下,乙酸对两种长石的溶解能力大于草酸,碱性条件(pH=8)下草酸的溶解能力最大,无论在酸性或碱性条件下,有机酸对长石的溶解能力均高于无机酸,酸性(pH=4)条件下,斜长石与碱性长石溶解量差别不大,在弱酸性(pH=6)和碱性(pH=8) 条件下,斜长石的溶解量高于碱性长石。 相似文献
11.
运用3DEEMs及荧光偏振方法研究pH、离子强度及浓度效应对腐殖酸荧光光谱特性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用三维荧光激发.发射光谱(3DEEMs)及荧光偏振法研究了3例腐殖酸和1例湖泊溶解有机物(DOM)在不同腐殖酸浓度、离子强度和pH条件下的荧光光谱特性.实验结果表明,随着浓度增大,各腐殖酸样的荧光强度增大,其中垃圾渗滤液腐殖酸和Pahokee泥炭腐殖酸的荧光峰出现红移.随着浓度进一步增大,腐殖酸的荧光偏振值增大,由此推断在此浓度范围内腐殖酸由于分子间的排斥作用使其构型出现伸展.离子强度增大导致腐殖酸及阿哈湖DOM的荧光强度降低.随着氯化钾(KCI)浓度增大,Fluka腐殖酸的荧光峰A蓝移,荧光峰B的荧光偏振值出现减小,推测是由于静电中和作用使其荧光基团发生卷曲造成的.离子强度对其余腐殖酸样和阿哈湖DOM的其他荧光特性没有明显的影响.总的来说,pH值的变化对腐殖酸和湖泊DOM的荧光特征的影响是很明显的.随着pH值增大,腐殖酸和湖泊DOM的荧光强度增强.而pH值减小时,Fluka腐殖酸和Pahokee泥炭腐殖酸的荧光峰(A峰)蓝移,当pH值降到5时,Fhka腐殖酸的荧光峰突然红移到最大,随后又继续蓝移;垃圾渗滤液腐殖酸和阿哈湖DOM的荧光峰位无明显的漂移.所有样品的荧光偏振值都减小(但阿哈湖DOM的A峰变化不大),但在pHi≤5时又增大,这种现象表明随着pH值降低,腐殖酸和湖泊DOM中有机大分子发生卷曲,但在pH≤5时由于羧基的质子化又以平面伸展构型出现在溶液中. 相似文献
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选用细砂、粉砂、粘土和土壤为材料,通过4个系列的静态实验来研究不同岩性的垃圾渗滤液污染场地中pH、NO3-N、NH4-N、有机质及生物活性随时间的变化趋势及其相关性分析。实验结果表明,对于4种介质的pH而言,细砂>粉砂>粘土>土壤;对于NH4-N、有机质和生物活性而言,均为土壤>粘土>粉砂>细砂;而对于NO3-N而言,实验初期是土壤>粘土>粉砂>细砂,中期是细砂>粉砂>粘土>土壤,末期是土壤>细砂>粉砂>粘土。同时,综合4种介质中各指标的时间变化趋势利用SPSS进行相关性分析得到,在模拟垃圾渗滤液的污染场地中pH与有机质有很好的负相关性,相关系数为-0.649;有机质与生物活性有很好的正相关性,相关系数为0.640;NH4-N与生物活性有很好的正相关性,相关系数为0.757。 相似文献
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天然与改性膨润土组合处理难生物降解垃圾渗滤液的实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以北京市阿苏卫垃圾填埋场中晚期渗滤液为研究对象,通过正交实验的方法分析了改性土、原土、明矾、改性土加明矾等的用量及搅拌速度、搅拌时间、静置时间等因素对垃圾渗滤液CODcr去除率的影响。通过对改性土、原土、明矾处理垃圾渗滤液的机理进行分析后,将改性土、原土分别用来处理垃圾渗滤液中可溶性物质中的疏水性物质和亲水性物质,并结合明矾的絮凝作用组合处理垃圾渗滤液。处理后垃圾渗滤液CODcr值从4700mg/L明显下降到839mg/L,CODcr去除率为82.15%,BOD5从700mg/L下降到263mg/L,BOD5去除率为62.43%。有机改性膨润土、明矾、原土组合处理是一种有效的处理垃圾渗滤液方法。 相似文献
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The formation factor relates bulk resistivity to pore fluid resistivity in porous materials. Understanding the formation factor is essential in using electrical and electromagnetic methods to monitor leachate accumulations and movements both within and around landfills. Specifically, the formation factor allows leachate resistivity, the degree of saturation, and, possibly, even the hydraulic conductivity of the waste to be estimated from non-invasive surface measurements. In this study, apparent formation factors are computed for three landfills with different types of waste as well as sediments contaminated by landfill leachate. Resistivity soundings at the closed Mallard North landfill in suburban Chicago (Illinois, USA) mapped leachate surfaces that were confirmed by monitoring wells. The resistivity of leachate-saturated waste from resistivity sounding inversions was then divided by the leachate resistivity values measured in-situ to compute apparent formation factors (Fa) ranging from 1.6 to 4.9. A global Fa of 3.0±1.9 was computed for the entire monitored portion of this landfill At a nearby mixed laboratory waste landfill, a 2D inverted resistivity section was used to compute an Fa of 2.9. Finally, a distinctly different Fa value of 10.6±2.8 was computed for leachate-saturated retorted oil and organic compounds. The Fa for aquifers containing contaminated groundwater fall in the same range as aquifers with normal groundwater, 1.7-3.9. However, models from inverted sounding curves over these contaminated areas exhibit unusually low resistivity layers, which may be diagnostic of contamination. 相似文献
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包气带介质截留不同龄垃圾渗滤液中的有机污染物 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从渗滤液场龄和包气带岩性两方面着手,研究了不同岩性包气带介质对不同场龄渗滤液中有机污染物的截留作用规律。结果表明:新渗滤液经过以细砂、亚粘土为介质的包气带后,细砂和亚粘土中有机物的质量分数分别从0.70%和0.87%增大至0.80%和1.00%以上,而老渗滤液使细砂和亚粘土中有机物的质量分数降至0.70%和0.50%以下。新渗滤液经过包气带后,包气带介质中有机物的含量增大,而老渗滤液使包气带介质中有机物的含量降低,亚粘土较细砂更容易受到渗滤液污染的影响。即渗滤液性质对包气带介质中有机物含量具有方向性的影响作用,而包气带介质亚粘土比细砂更容易放大这种作用效果。 相似文献
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J. Saetang S. Babel 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2009,6(3):457-466
This study focuses on treatment of landfill leachate in column experiments by immobilized Trametes versicolor on polyurethane foam, collected from Nonthaburi landfill site, Thailand. In this study, glucose was used as a co-substrate. The effect of biomass growth on color removal was observed by immobilizing fungi on polyurethane foam. The same immobilized fungi were used for four cycles of 5 days each to find the reuse of fungi. Leachate was diluted to see the effect of organic loading on color removal. At optimum pH of 4 and in 20 days with 3 g/L of glucose, the fungi could decolorize 78 % and 63 % for 5-times dilution and concentrated leachate, respectively, using immobilized fungi after 4 days initial growth. Fungi could also reduce biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of 52 % and 42 % (with initial biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of 48,900 and 96,512 mg/L), respectively, with glucose 3 g/L in concentrate leachate and with 4 days initial immobilization of fungi on polyurethane foam. About 1–6% higher color removal was observed on day 20 with 15 days fungi immobilization initially as compared to 4 days immobilization. Higher removal efficiency was observed for the same leachate after dilution due to reduction in organic loading. Addition of co-substrate enhances significantly removal of color, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. Chemical oxygen demand removal reached to 0.6 mg/mg of biomass with the co-substrate. Therefore, white rot fungi can be considered as potentially useful microorganisms in landfill leachate treatment. 相似文献
17.
Temporal changes in leachate chemistry of a municipal solid waste landfill cell in Florida,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Evaluation of 12 years of landfill leachate chemical data from a lined cell of municipal waste in south Florida, USA shows an overall declining trend in major ion chemistry. The leachate is dominantly Cl, Na, HCO3 and organic solutes. There are significant short-term variations in concentration that appear to be related to rainfall, rather than fundamental changes to leachate composition. Inorganic parameters related to pH, such as alkalinity, calcium, and magnesium appear to be chemically buffered. Chromium, cobalt, vanadium, zinc, and the metalloid boron display significant short-term co-variance with a decreasing trend. Iron and manganese concentrations increased significantly after capping. Based on the predominance of ammonia, historic methane generation, and increasing trends for iron and manganese after closure, the landfill cell has an anaerobic (reducing) interior environment. The reducing conditions were enhanced by capping and caused the most redox sensitive metals (manganese and iron) to become more mobile. 相似文献
18.
垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质复杂,危害性大,对其无害化处理尚未得到很好解决。研究发现,垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物可标识划分为亲水性和疏水性两大类物质。实验针对性采用亲水的天然膨润土处理亲水性有机物,疏水的有机膨润土处理疏水性有机物,再结合鸟粪石结晶法去除氨氮,从而获得一套处理中晚期垃圾渗滤液的经济高效的矿物法组合处理技术。采用GC-MS技术鉴定经矿物法处理后的垃圾渗滤液,亲水性和疏水性有机污染物的种类和含量都明显降低。检测进水与出水的COD、氨氮及重金属浓度这三项关键指标,垃圾渗滤液原液COD为2566 mg/L,氨氮3859 mg/L,重金属Hg为0.305 mg/L。矿物法组合处理后出水的COD为245mg/L,氨氮48 mg/L,重金属Hg未检出。矿物组合法为垃圾渗滤液的无害化处理提供了一条新的思路。 相似文献
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Jin-Yong Lee Jeong-Yong Cheon Hyung-Pyo Kwon Hee-Sung Yoon Seong-Sun Lee Jong-Ho Kim Joung-Ku Park Chang-Gyun Kim 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(4):581-593
Attenuation characteristics of landfill leachate were examined for two uncontrolled landfills in Korea. The two landfills containing municipal wastes without appropriate bottom liner and leachate treatment system have different landfill age, waste volume, and most importantly different hydrogeologic settings. One landfill (Cheonan landfill) is situated in an open flat area while the other (Wonju landfill) is located in a valley. Variations of various parameters including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved oxygen (DO), alkalinity, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), redox potential (ORP), ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), and chloride (Cl−) were examined along groundwater flow path. All these parameters were analyzed every month for a year. In the interior of the landfills, typical anaerobic conditions revealed by low DO and NO3 concentrations, negative ORP values, high NH3, alkalinity, and Cl− concentrations were observed. Generally, higher levels of contaminants (DOC, NH3, and Cl−) were detected in the dry season while they were greatly lowered in the wet season. Significantly, large decrease of Cl- concentration in the wet season indicates that the dilution or mixing is one of dominant attenuation mechanisms of leachate. But detailed variation behaviors in the two landfills are different and they were largely dependent on permeability of surface and subsurface layers. The intermediately permeable surface of the landfills receives part of direct rainfall infiltration but most rainwater is lost to fast runoff. The practically impermeable surface of clayey silt (paddy field) at immediately adjacent to the Cheonan landfill boundary prevented direct rainwater infiltration and hence redox condition of the ground waters were largely affected by that of the upper landfill and the less permeable materials beneath the paddy fields prohibited dispersion of the landfill leachate into down gradient area. In the Wonju landfill, there are three different permeability divisions, the landfill region, the sandy open field and the paddy field. Roles of the landfill and paddy regions are very similar to those at the Cheonan. The very permeable sandy field receiving a large amount of rainwater infiltration plays a key role in controlling redox condition of the down gradient area and contaminant migration. This paper reports details of the attenuation and redox conditions of the landfill leachates at the two uncontrolled landfills. 相似文献