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1.
On August 13, 2004, Hurricane Charley came ashore in the Charlotte Harbor watershed. Surface winds at the time of landfall
were estimated at 130 knots. The track of the hurricane roughly followed the floodplain of the Peace River, causing massive
defoliation and mortality of native vegetation and planted citrus groves, as well as substantial damage to human habitation
and various infrastructure elements. Eight days after landfall, a water quality monitoring effort documented hypoxic (<2 mg
I−1) to nearly anaerobic (<0.5 mg I−1) dissolved oxygen (DO) values throughout the vast majority of the Peace River's c. 6,000 km2 watershed. Low DO values appeared to be related to high values of both dissolved organic matter and suspended materials.
Hypoxic conditions in Charlotte Harbor itself, occurred within 2 wk of landfall. Approximately 3 wk after the landfall of
Hurricane Charley, Hurricane Frances struck the east coast of Florida, causing further wind damage and bringing substantial
amounts of rain to the Charlotte Harbor watershed. Three weeks later still, Hurricane Jeanne caused similar damage to the
same area. In response to the combined effects of these three hurricanes, DO values in the Peace River did not recover to
pre-hurricane levels until approximately 2–3 mo later. The spatial and temporal pattern of DO fluctuations appeared to be
related to the proximity of sampling locations to the path of the eyewall of the first of the three hurricanes. Within the
Harbor itself, the duration of hypoxic conditions was less than that recorded within the Peace River, perhaps reflecting greater
dilution of oxygen-poor waters from the watershed with less-affected water from the Gulf of Mexico. 相似文献
2.
中国北方岩溶地下水污染分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
近年来,受气候变化和强烈人类活动的影响,环境物质及能量多频次、大范围的输入,极大程度上改变着岩溶水系统的水环境质量,岩溶水生态环境遭受不同程度的威胁和破坏,岩溶水水质日趋恶化。本文归纳分析了我国北方岩溶水系统水质特征、污染现状、污染来源及污染途径。我国北方岩溶水水质类型中硫酸盐型水和氯化物型水的分布逐渐增加,主要污染组分为总硬度、SO42-、F-、NO3-和TDS等。其中硫酸盐和硝酸盐污染强度和范围最大,呈现出显著的人类活动影响特征。依据我国北方岩溶系统结构及水力学特征,将岩溶水污染途径概括为:①连续入渗型——主要包括岩溶区地表水（河流、水库等）渗漏污染,城镇污水渠或排污管道破损引起的污水渗漏污染;②越流型污染——污染孔/裂隙水（含矿坑水/老窑积水等）越流污染岩溶水;③间歇入渗型——固废淋溶入渗和污水灌溉渗漏污染等。据此提出了推进岩溶水水资源保护和污染防治的合理化建议。 相似文献
3.
李强 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2008,19(3):120-123
黑龙江省在矿产资源开采过程中产生了诸多的矿山环境地质问题。这些矿山环境地质问题可分为资源毁损、地质灾害、环境污染3大类。又可细分为土地资源压占、植被资源破坏、地下水位下降、风景景观和地质遗迹破坏、地面塌陷、地裂缝、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、煤层自燃、煤矸石自燃、水土侵蚀、土地沙化、盐碱化、草原退化、水污染、土壤污染、大气污染等种类。这些矿山环境问题给黑龙江省的经济发展和生态环境造成了巨大的损失和危害。论文阐述了主要矿山环境问题及其危害,并提出了有关防治对策建议,以促进黑龙江省矿山环境保护与治理工作的进步。 相似文献
4.
In 2011, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reported that the coastal population of the US that lives within 50 miles of the shoreline exceeded 50 % for the first time in history in spite of a high level of exposure to hurricanes and related flooding. Hurricane Andrew (1992), Mitch (1998), Ivan (2004), Katrina (2005), and Sandy (2012) are recent reminders of both the financial and human toll that result from hurricanes. Generally, hurricanes bring with them torrential rains and storm surges which enable destructive flooding inland and at the coastal (land–sea) interface and cause extensive and severe damages to residential structures and fatalities. An improved understanding of hurricanes and its interactive effects on the built environment will significantly reduce structural and non-structural damage and loss of life. This paper presents the method and results of a study that focused on application of a hybrid loss model which combines structural and non-structural damage vulnerabilities to quantify the damage and subsequent loss as a result of hurricanes, but particularly the extension to the community level. The methodology presented in this paper will help enable designers and/or planners to assess the change in anticipated losses at the community level as a result of one or more mitigation strategies as well as provide insight into land use planning. 相似文献
5.
地热水资源开发引起的环境问题分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文分析论述了地热水资源开发引起的主要环境问题:地震、地面沉降、地热资源衰竭、地热水有害成分污染、热污染等,同时提出了相应的防治建议. 相似文献
6.
Jorge Villegas Corene Matyas Sivaramakrishnan Srinivasan Ignatius Cahyanto Brijesh Thapa Lori Pennington-Gray 《Natural Hazards》2013,66(1):97-116
Tourists are particularly vulnerable to natural disasters such as hurricanes since they might be less informed and prepared than residents of disaster-prone areas. Thus, understanding how the traits of a tropical cyclone as well as specific characteristics of tourists influence affective and cognitive responses to a hurricane warning message is a critical component in disaster planning. Using scenarios that presented tropical cyclones with different relevant characteristics (such as category at landfall), tourists’ knowledge, experience with hurricanes, trip traits, and the location of the survey (coastal or inland), this study contributes to the literature on sociological issues related to natural disasters. The findings suggest that risk perceptions and fear are influenced differently by the traits of the hurricanes and tourists’ knowledge and experience. Risk is strongly influenced by the projected category of the hurricane at landfall, while fear is not as sensitive to this extremely relevant trait of cyclones. The results also suggest that the influence of risk and fear on evacuation likelihood is strong and positive. This study shows the value of studying cognitive and affective responses to uncertain events. 相似文献
7.
Ahmed M. Youssef Adly A. Omer Mohamed S. Ibrahim Mohamed H. Ali Jeffrey D. Cawlfield 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(5-6):719-733
Land application is the only currently available technique for sewage wastewater disposal along the Nile Valley in Upper Egypt. Wastewater disposal projects have been established in the lowland desert zone extending between the cultivated floodplain and the Eocene Limestone plateau. The plan is to use the treated wastewater in irrigating woody farmlands. Some wastewater disposal sites are already operating, and several others will be established in the near future. The proposed wastewater disposal sites are located in a sensitive desert zone that is extremely narrow and situated very close to vital resources including the cultivated floodplain, reclaimed lands, residential areas, and surface water resources. In addition, the subsurface sediments of this zone (Pleistocene sand–gravel succession) constitute a significant part of the Quaternary aquifer of the valley. The objective of this study is to characterize and investigate the wastewater disposal sites and assess their probable environmental hazards. The study showed that the available lands are insufficient to accommodate the projected quantities of wastewater. At the currently operating sites, excess raw wastewater is accumulating on the ground surface forming large uncontrolled ponds. Such wastewater ponds represent a potential environmental hazard and might cause disastrous health effects, where chemical and bacteriological pollution of soil, crops and water resources may occur. 相似文献
8.
The influence of topography and land use on water quality of Xiangxi River in Three Gorges Reservoir region 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A self-organizing map (SOM) was used to cluster the water quality data of Xiangxi River in the Three Gorges Reservoir region.
The results showed that 81 sampling sites could be divided into several groups representing different land use types. The
forest dominated region had low concentrations of most nutrient variables except COD, whereas the agricultural region had
high concentrations of NO3N, TN, Alkalinity, and Hardness. The sites downstream of an urban area were high in NH3N, NO2N, PO4P and TP. Redundancy analysis was used to identify the individual effects of topography and land use on river water quality.
The results revealed that the watershed factors accounted for 61.7% variations of water quality in the Xiangxi River. Specifically,
topographical characteristics explained 26.0% variations of water quality, land use explained 10.2%, and topography and land
use together explained 25.5%. More than 50% of the variation in most water quality variables was explained by watershed characteristics.
However, water quality variables which are strongly influenced by urban and industrial point source pollution (NH3N, NO2N, PO4P and TP) were not as well correlated with watershed characteristics. 相似文献
9.
北京地区地裂缝灾害的分布特征及其成因探讨 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
赵忠海 《地质灾害与环境保护》2006,17(3):75-78
地裂缝灾害是地质灾害中的一种地面变形灾害,它隐蔽性强,危害性大,不仅会造成各类工程建筑,如城市建筑、生命线工程、交通、农田和水利设施等的直接破坏,而且还会引起一系列的环境问题,对人类的生产和生活构成极大威胁。本文在进行实地调查的基础上,结合大量的地质、物探等资料,对北京地区地裂缝的分布特征及其成因类型进行了初步的研究和探讨,并就如何防治地裂缝灾害提出了几点建议。 相似文献
10.
矿山生态环境的保护、预防及治理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别对采矿项目可能造成的生态破坏从保护、预防、治理三个方面对矿山生态环境保护和污染防治,介绍了相关的法律法规,以及工作中的建议,着重介绍了有关土地复垦和景观重建方面的一些新思路. 相似文献
11.
Pensacola Bay, Florida, was in the strong northeast quadrant of Hurricane Ivan when it made landfall on September 16, 2004
as a category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale. We present data describing the timeline and maximum height of the storm
surge, the extent of flooding of coastal land, and the magnitude of the freshwater inflow pulse that followed the storm. We
computed the magnitude of tidal flushing associated with the surge using a tidal prism model. We also evaluated hurricane
effects on water quality using water quality surveys conducted 20 and 50 d after the storm, which we compared with a survey
14 d before landfall. We evaluated the scale of hurricane effects relative to normal variability using a 5-yr monthly record.
Ivan's 3.5 m storm surge inundated 165 km2 of land, increasing the surface area of Pensacola Bay by 50% and its volume by 230%. The model suggests that 60% of the Bay's
volume was flushed, initially increasing the average salinity of Bay waters from 23 to 30 and lowering nutrient and chlorophylla concentrations. Additional computations suggest that wind forcing was sufficient to completely mix the water column during
the storm. Freshwater discharge from the largest river increased twentyfold during the subsequent 4 d, stimulating a modest
phytoplankton bloom (chlorophyll up to 18 μg l−1) and maintaining hypoxia for several months. Although the immediate physical perturbation was extreme, the water quality
effects that persisted beyond the first several days were within the normal range of variability for this system. In terms
of water quality and phytoplankton productivity effects, this ecosystem appears to be quite resilient in the face of a severe
hurricane effect. 相似文献
12.
旅游业的环境影响综合评价与对策 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
旅游业对自然环境有正反两方面的影响。反面影响包括对水体和大气环境的影响,对动植物的影响,对土壤和沙丘的侵蚀,以及影响审美。正面影响包括建立自然保护区,保护海洋、植被、湿地,促进连际土地开发和教育民众。促进旅游业永续发展的对策有：对旅游业进行选择;对旅游区进行环境规划;对旅游业的环境影响进行实验追踪,建立综合性模式研究旅游业的累积环境影响。 相似文献
13.
Zhenming WEI Guodong ZHENG Yaling CHOU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):44-45
Through elementary geophysical prospecting, chemical exploration and geological exploration, there are above 100000 t Mo reserves in Wenquan Wushan, Northwest China. Presently, the molybdenum mine has gone deploitation and construction. Data from drillings indicated many associated elements such as Cu, Pb, Zn, etc. with Mo. Through complete water quality analysis, we found water here comes up to drinking-water standard. This paper investigated the environmental geochemistry characteristics and evaluated water quality in mine field under existing conditions, which may present reference for forecasting the trends of environmental pollution change, underwater environmental monitoring and protection after exploitation. In exploitation of mineral areas, the surroundings of ore areas and groundwater environmental quality are affected correspondingly. The paper analyzed benefication process and tailing disposal process, and consequently, predicted pollution sources, pollution pathway and post-effect that may come along. Also, the interactions between water and rocks with human activity are discussed. 相似文献
14.
B. B. Cruz L. A. Manfré D.S. Ricci D. Brunoro L. Appolinario Jr. J. A. Quintanilha 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(12):441
Water resources availability is increasingly constrained, considering the quality and quantity available for use. There is an urgent need of recovering this availability, focusing on the planning and management process of water supply systems. One of the main threats to water resources is related to erosion effects, namely widespread pollution load and the silting of watercourses and reservoirs useful life reduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate water supply systems environmental fragility within the Paulista Macro Metropolis area and to use the results to develop environmental zone classes to orient territorial planning. The study was conducted in seven superficial water supply systems of the aforementioned region. Environmental fragility evaluation was focused on four environmental variables that represent natural vulnerability to erosion, and 2015 land cover map to delineate human influence on erosive processes. Results indicate that Tietê River water supply systems, namely Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí (PCJ) and Itupararanga systems, can be considered the most fragile water supply systems in the study area. The environmental fragility map was used to derive the environmental zoning map, including conservation and priority areas, suitable regions for agriculture expansion, and areas with high needs for restoration efforts. In addition, environmental fragility framework herein can be viewed as a model with high replication potential for regional planning and management in that land cover can be manipulated to minimize environment natural vulnerability, guiding territorial occupation toward a more sustainable landscape design, which subsidizes water resources multiple uses. 相似文献
15.
Oasis is not only the most concentrated area of human activities in arid region but also the largest area where artificial disturbances occur at the regional scale. The Jinta Oasis is a very typical artificial oasis in arid region of China and is set as one of the national land resource developing and representative areas in China. With the continuous increase in population and livestock number in Jinta Oasis, such severe problems of environmental degradation as serious land pollution and desertification, water environmental degradation, and vegetation degeneracy occur within the whole oasis. 相似文献
16.
土地利用/景观格局已成为影响中国水环境质量的重要因素,但目前仍然欠缺土地利用/景观格局和水环境质量之间复杂关系的深入研究。以湟水流域小峡桥断面上游为例,兼顾水环境承载力与人为活动所产生的压力,建立土地利用/景观格局对水环境质量影响的结构方程模型,计算不同土地利用/景观格局指标对水环境质量的贡献率。研究表明:点源污染是湟水流域水环境质量恶化的主要因素,其贡献率最大(37.3%);而土地利用/景观格局的4个指标(不透水面面积占比、建设用地中绿地面积占比、湿地连通性和湿地聚集度)对水环境质量的贡献率相对较大,分别为9.14%、 7.91%、 7.44%和6.96%。加大点源污染控制力度、增强湿地连通性与聚集度、增大建设用地中绿地面积并减少不透水面面积是改善湟水流域小峡桥断面上游水环境质量的有效措施。 相似文献
17.
Nicholas B. Handler Adina Paytan Christopher P. Higgins Richard G. Luthy Alexandria B. Boehm 《Estuaries and Coasts》2006,29(5):860-870
To elucidate relationships between land cover and water quality along the central California coast, we collected monthly samples
from 14 coastal waterway outlets representing various degrees of human development. Sites were distributed between three salinity
categories, freshwater, estuarine, and marine, to better understand land cover-water quality relationships across a range
of coastal aquatic ecosystems. Samples were analyzed for fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), dissolved nutrients, stable nitrogen
isotopes in particulate organic matter, and chlorophylla (chla). Sediment samples from 11 sites were analyzed for the concentration of the anthropogenic organic contaminant perfluorooctane
sulfonate and its precursors (ΣPFOS). While the data indicated impairment by nutrient, microbial, and organic contaminants
at both agricultural and urban sites, the percentage of agricultural land cover was the most robust indicator of impairment,
showing significant correlations (p<0.05) to FIB, nutrient, chla, and ΣPFOS levels. FIB densities were strongly influenced by salinity and were highest at sites dominated by agriculture
and urbanization. Nutrient levels and chla correlated to both agricultural and urban land use metrics as well. Positive correlations among FIB, nutrients, chla, and ΣPFOS suggest a synergy between microbial, nutrient, and organic pollution. The results emphasize the importance of
land management in protecting coastal water bodies and human health, and identify nutrient, microbial, and organic pollution
as prevalent problems in coastal California water bodies. 相似文献
18.
采矿环境地球化学研究 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
阐述了采矿对环境造成的负面影响 ,包括 :尾矿或废石堆中的杂质元素会进入表生地球化学循环 ,在不同气候条件下 ,呈现不同的特征模式 ,尾矿氧化带的酸性水的排放 ;矿山污染源对周围土壤和植物的影响使重金属元素等进入食物链 ,对人类和动物健康造成威胁。根据国内外的最新研究动向 ,指出建立环境地球化学模式 ,对采矿环境污染作出客观的监测和评价 ,能为防止污染和治理环境提供可靠的地球化学依据。 相似文献
19.
20.
Klaus J. Meyer-Arendt Dr. 《GeoJournal》1991,23(4):323-325
Hurricane Gilbert has been labelled the storm of the century because of the many meteorological records it set. These include size, straightness of track, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, and total energy. After ravaging Jamaica as a Force 3 storm, Gilbert made landfall in Yucatan as a Force 5, one of only three hurricanes of such magnitude to do so in North America this century. In spite of a death toll of 318 and property damage in the billions of dollars, Gilbert's impacts were eclipsed by the extensive publicity that accompanied Hurricane Hugo's landfall in South Carolina the following year (1989). 相似文献