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1.
The paper comprises a response to the overwhelming lack of geographical research into South African gay male leisure space development and augments the first detailed analyses of white gay leisure space development in this country by redirecting the geographic focus to a smaller provincial city. The image of gay leisure space that emerges in Bloemfontein is different from those identified and described in large metropolitan complexes. What emerges in this city is the development of gay-coded spaces in which heterosexual leisure spaces are queered, but not with the intent or outcome of generating exclusively gay spaces. Homonormalised spaces are created. It is contended that much of the current debates approach the so-called homonormalistion of gay leisure space from an unhelpful “gay/queer-disempowered” perspective which is inadequate to explain the development of a range of leisure spaces certain gay/queer cohorts created and/or seek out. It is suggested that homonormalised spaces are far more than heteronormativity infiltrating the gay (leisure) world through a range of consumption-led processes/events, or gay male capitulation to such normative hegemonies. It is argued that “homonormalisation” should be understood more reflexively. 相似文献
2.
Ipsita Chatterjee 《Geoforum》2009,40(6):1003-1013
Conflicts produce violence through death, confinement, torture, and control of spaces of everyday life. This paper investigates how spatial morphologies, like landscapes, borders and scales, are re-ordered and re-imagined to materialize violence. A Hindu–Muslim conflict in the globalizing city of Ahmedabad, India in 2002 is used as a case study. The conflict unfolded in a dying industrial city, now being re-envisioned through neoliberal urban entrepreneurialism into a ‘global city’. During and after the riots, the majority Hindu community, and the local Hindu fundamentalist government, annihilated the life spaces of the minority Muslim community. Through a combination of Hindu rioting and urban renewal, landscapes were destroyed, new spaces produced, borders re-imagined, and new ones imprinted on the landscape, to segregate previously co-existing communities. Local government and Hindu ideologues creatively juxtaposed neoliberal economic polices, global discourses of Islamophobia, local ethnocentrism to alter the spatial morphologies of Ahmedabad. Justice entails the democratization of space by altering the violent morphologies of Ahmedabad. 相似文献
3.
Gustav Visser 《Geoforum》2003,34(1):123-137
In response to the current paucity of geographical research into post-apartheid development of gay leisure space, the paper focuses on the nature and extent of gay leisure space development in De Waterkant, South Africa’s first “gay village”, located in the Cape Town CBD periphery. Despite a new liberal constitutional environment, the gay spaces generated in post-apartheid De Waterkant are not inclusive of most gay South Africans. On the contrary, the legacy of apartheid race, gender and class inequality persists, generating a wealthy, White, male leisure space enclave. As a consequence, De Waterkant’s potential to function as a site of identity formation, development and re-affirmation, seen in many gay villages found in other Western societies, appears unlikely. 相似文献
4.
This paper represents a contribution to the emerging field of the geography of gender in South Africa. The focus of attention is leisure participation and leisure spaces of economically active single mothers in South Africa. Findings are presented from a survey on the nature, frequency and constraints affecting this group of women in Greater Pretoria. It is shown that economically active single mothers confront a host of constraints which impact upon patterns of leisure participation. A key finding is that the home is the essential leisure space for this sub-group of women. Certain clear divides exist between the leisure worlds daily experienced by white and black South African women. 相似文献
5.
Angus Cameron 《Geoforum》2012,43(4):741-749
This paper argues that the metaphorical figure of the island plays an important but profoundly ambiguous role in the imagination of social space. The paper argues that ‘utopic’ islands have historically provided a fictional domain of experimentation that has informed the constitution of ‘real’ state spaces. From the 16th to 20th centuries this took the form of an increasingly consolidated and ‘global’ endotopia: a world, exemplified by the ‘political’ map, full of state spaces constituted as interiors. More recently, islands have served a very different metaphoric function, being used to create and legitimise spaces of exteriority – ‘xenospaces’ such as the online worlds of the ‘metaverse’ and the arcane legal/financial spaces of offshore – which in combination constitute an emergent xenotopia. The ‘philosopher’s island’ (Mackay, 2010), therefore, represents a complex and polyvalent spatial form that serves to continuously and expediently redefine the nature of social space. 相似文献
6.
Brian Pompeii 《GeoJournal》2016,81(3):457-473
Globally, modifications to the landscape have drastically transformed social and ecological communities. The implication of global climate change for small islands and small island communities is especially troublesome. Socially, small islands have a limited resource base, deal with varying degrees of insularity, generally have little political power, and have limited economic opportunities. The physical attributes of small islands also increase their vulnerability to global climate change, including limited land area, limited fresh water supplies, and greater distances to resources. The focus of this research project is to document place-specific human–environmental interactions from a political ecology perspective as a means to address local concerns and possible consequences of global environmental change. The place in which these interactions are examined is the barrier island and village of Ocracoke, NC. I focus on the specific historical-geography of land and water management on Ocracoke as a means to examine relationships between local human–environmental interactions and environmental change. I provide an account of technological changes in potable water procurement and the paralleling development of island growth (i.e. people, buildings, tourism). Then, relying on interviews with island residents, I consider how advancements in local water infrastructure, specifically the installation of an additional reverse osmosis unit, are hinged on anticipated future economic development. Lastly the social dimensions of change are discussed with specific focus on the increase in housing density and overburdened septic drainage fields in relation to changing hydrologic processes with an examination of how all of these factors affect local vulnerability. 相似文献
7.
This paper presents a novel mass-conservative mixed multiscale method for solving flow equations in heterogeneous porous media. The media properties (the permeability) contain multiple scales and high contrast. The proposed method solves the flow equation in a mixed formulation on a coarse grid by constructing multiscale basis functions. The resulting velocity field is mass-conservative on the fine grid. Our main goal is to obtain first-order convergence in terms of the mesh size which is independent of local contrast. This is achieved, first, by constructing some auxiliary spaces, which contain global information that cannot be localized, in general. This is built on our previous work on the generalized multiscale finite element method (GMsFEM). In the auxiliary space, multiscale basis functions corresponding to small (contrast-dependent) eigenvalues are selected. These basis functions represent the high-conductivity channels (which connect the boundaries of a coarse block). Next, we solve local problems to construct multiscale basis functions for the velocity field. These local problems are formulated in the oversampled domain, taking into account some constraints with respect to auxiliary spaces. The latter allows fast spatial decay of local solutions and, thus, allows taking smaller oversampled regions. The number of basis functions depends on small eigenvalues of the local spectral problems. Moreover, multiscale pressure basis functions are needed in constructing the velocity space. Our multiscale spaces have a minimal dimension, which is needed to avoid contrast dependence in the convergence. The method’s convergence requires an oversampling of several layers. We present an analysis of our approach. Our numerical results confirm that the convergence rate is first order with respect to the mesh size and independent of the contrast. 相似文献
8.
Scholars working around the world have drawn attention to the physical and social changes associated with rural gentrification. Case studies from the United States have focused on how these patterns lead to the cultural displacement and replacement of land-based livelihoods, including non-timber forest product (NTFP) practices. Scholars have also documented the persistence of culturally and economically important NTFP practices in urban and suburban areas. We reconcile these disparate outcomes, displacement on the one hand and persistence on the other, by focusing on the social relationships that co-produce land use and livelihood change. Our case investigates how African American sweetgrass basketmakers in Mount Pleasant South Carolina negotiate the complex terrain of a rapidly urbanizing and gentrifying landscape.Analysis of interviews with basketmakers and participant observation at public meetings suggests that gathering materials and selling baskets occur across spaces not typically considered important for NTFP practices. Access to these sites depends upon continually reinforced and negotiated social relationships between a variety of actors. Findings illustrate that, by themselves, development and gentrification are insufficient for explaining livelihood and land use patterns that emerge in places experiencing intensive development. Using a co-production framework, we acknowledge the wide variety of complex trajectories and local power dynamics shaping land use and livelihoods. Findings also have implications for connecting global research on housing, employment, and demographic transitions associated with rural gentrification, to international NTFP research, which is increasingly turning to rural–urban interfaces for insights on how livelihoods are linked to land development and migration. 相似文献
9.
Using qualitative data from a research project investigating contemporary rural identities in England this paper examines the apparently contradictory discursive claims that are made on rural spaces. It looks in particular at the ways in which these are narrated - through the notions of rural space as a site of safety, orderliness and community on the one hand and as a site of freedom, anti-order and non-regulation on the other. While the former is a familiar, entrenched and critiqued representation of rurality, the latter narrative has a more marginal and ambivalent place in the dominant rural imaginary. Drawing on Foucault’s concepts of panopticism and heterotopia the paper demonstrates the ways in which the rural is a highly labile concept and emphasises its continual ‘unfinishedness’. However, alongside this, the paper suggests that the tensions and contradictions of the orderly and anti-orderly discourses are underpinned by a particular coherency that is driven by senses of community, belonging and self-regulation. While these do not resolve the contradictions of the discursive claims the potency of such drivers are sufficient to produce a particular inclusive spatiality which is able to accommodate and incorporate the different discursive positions and the practices that are associated with each. 相似文献
10.
《Geoforum》2017
In 2008, an 8.0-magnitude earthquake struck southwest China less than 100 km north of Chengdu, the booming capital of Sichuan Province. The city government undertook a massive reconstruction project in its rural hinterlands that was guided by existing policies to develop rural areas through coordinated urban and rural planning. Planners sought to avoid replicating urban settlements in rural areas by developing recognizably “pastoral” villages, an approach that is being widely echoed in the relatively new discipline of rural spatial planning in China. This paper argues that such design concessions evade the key feature of the new villages: the concentration of rural residents. The Chengdu government, though this symbolic and actual de-peopling of rural landscapes, has recast rural space as an environmental amenity and an abstract stock of arable land. Drawing on interviews, site visits, and policy and media documents, the paper analyzes the metropolitan plans that provided the framework for rural reconstruction in post-quake Chengdu, and connects these to a model village site in Chengdu’s rural periphery. The case illustrates the need to understand site-level village planning in the context of regional political economies of land, and highlights the new role that metropolitan governments are playing in rural development strategies. 相似文献
11.
Guided by a theorisation of voluntarism as a critical process shaping local outcomes of changes underway in health care systems
and in rural communities, this paper re-analyses qualitative results from previous case studies of rural ageing to deconstruct
the multifaceted role of the voluntary sector in facilitating the emergence of homes and communities as ‘new’ spaces of care.
The specific focus is on the lived experience of voluntary sector care providers from the perspectives of non-profit organisations,
community groups and families as well as elderly residents of rural communities in Canada and New Zealand. The findings confirm
the local dynamics of voluntarism as a crucial yet neglected component of sustainable rural services and communities. More
importantly, they reveal the voluntary sector as a major source of resistance to both the short-term changes mandated by restructuring
and longer-term changes associated with rural ageing and service decline. It is through resistance that voluntary organisations
and volunteers are seen to be engaging most intensely with the challenge of ageing in place within evolving spaces of care.
A more nuanced understanding of their complex role is a prerequisite for developing informed policy on rural ageing and care
provisioning. 相似文献
12.
《Geoforum》2002,33(2):239-254
Using a Police recording system containing new forms of information on the role of alcohol consumption, this paper focuses on the space and time dimensions of alcohol-related crime and disorder, and situates the patterns in the context of the functions of different urban spaces. Data for Worcester in 1999 show that alcohol is noted as a contributory factor in 8% of recorded crime, but that the recorded role of alcohol is far higher for certain crime types: 48% of all harassment crimes; 36% of violent crime and 16% of criminal damage (other). Most recorded alcohol-related crimes occur in the city centre and at night, while at a more detailed level the main urban spaces are the city centre night-time leisure zones, and the spaces which act as routeways for the night-time revellers. The combined crime and disorder data sets, supported by interview evidence, indicate subsidiary alcohol-related daytime clusters in the shopping area and associated with specific city centre functions. By exploring the patterns, important clues to the immediate contributory factors emerge, but a more comprehensive explanation requires further research. Places, particularly in the night-time leisure zone, where alcohol-related crime is less pronounced, are as important to our understanding as those where crime/disorder is clustered. A detailed knowledge of the variety of spaces and times of alcohol-related crime and disorder is key to the development of appropriate urban design, planning and licensing policies, and can be used to inform a more closely targeted policing strategy. 相似文献
13.
H. Franz 《GeoJournal》1980,4(2):182-184
Summary Modern rock dating tells that the Galápagos Islands are geologically very young. No rocks have yet been discovered older than two million years. Nevertheless old landscapes with rounded forms exist side by side with more or very recent volcanoes and lava flows and a number of old marine terraces are distinguisable. Red soils have formed only in the old landscapes (high areas of the oldest islands and on the oldest coastal terraces). Their profile has been preserved only in remnants that have escaped erosion. These red soils are the oldest soils on the islands. There are none on the more recently formed W islands. On the other hand, the islands of Baltra, Santa Fé, Española and the flat coastal region of Santa Cruz display a homogeneous marine terrace extensively covered with pebbles and red soil. The said islands are thought to be fragments of submarine lava flows lifted above sea level (Mac Birney and Williams 1969).The many young marine terraces, on the island of Isabella in particular, show no signs of once having been connected. They seem to have originated as the result of recent tectonic events on the islands or, if they were formed by eustatic sea-level fluctuations, were later moved to their present position by local tectonic activity. 相似文献
14.
Derek R. Hall 《GeoJournal》1998,46(3):283-287
This paper examines the prospects for Albanian rural diversification with particular reference to rural tourism. In the early
1990s, tourism was identified by the Albanian government and Western development consultants as a likely vehicle for an appropriate
and sustainable development strategy, given the relative wealth generated by international tourism in neighbouring Greece,
Italy and Croatia. Pressure has been exerted by commercial developers for mass coastal tourism and permission for around 40 new
tourist development has been granted. But Albania embraces a considerable wealth of natural and cultural heritage, which provides
opportunities for the development of small scale rural tourism carefully integrated into the local economy with respect to
organic farming, quality wine production and sustainable fishing. But sensitive social integration is vital where it is difficult
to identify rural communities where there is a conspicuous absence of local consensus. The resurgence of traditional social
systems and the empowerment of local actors in cases where organised crime has taken root pose major problems for rural diversification.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
岩溶山区乡村聚落的格局特征及类型分析——以重庆市巫山县为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探索岩溶山区乡村聚落空间格局的特征,以位于重庆东北部岩溶广布的巫山县为研究对象,运用空间分布测度模型、空间规模测度模型和空间形态测度模型,定量分析了巫山乡村聚落的空间格局特征,并进一步划分了地域类型。分析结果表明,总体上,巫山县的乡村聚落有一定的空间集聚特征,但存在明显的区域差异;乡村聚落的规模普遍偏小,具有低值集聚的特征,空间上呈现县城西北、西南大规模农村聚落集中,东北、东南小规模零散分布的“西热东冷”的格局;在空间形态上,巫山县西部区域连接性好,但形状不规则,复杂程度高,东部区域连接性差,复杂程度不及西部区域。整体而言,巫山县的乡村聚落形状规则性差,缺乏规划与引导。通过构建乡村聚落空间测度指标体系,采用系统聚类的方法,将巫山县乡村聚落划分为6种类型:低密度散点型、低密度小团块型、低密度不规则团块状、中密度不规则条带型、高密度宽带型、高密度散点型。未来的县域乡村聚落重构需要根据不同类型的特点加以引导。 相似文献
16.
《Geoforum》2017
The ‘global land rush’ or ‘global land grabbing’ phenomena has prompted concerns over the potential of large-scale land acquisitions to displace rural populations and impact food security in lesser-developed countries. State actors often assert that lands being leased to investors are ‘marginal’, ‘wasteland’, ‘barren’, or ‘unused’ without explicitly stating the criteria that are used to classify those spaces. Using Ethiopia as a case study, this paper synthesizes semi-structured interviews and geospatial land-use data to unpack the federal government’s notion of ‘marginal land’ to investigate how land qualifies for deposition into a federal land bank set aside for future investment and the agro-ecological characteristics and human-environment interactions endemic to these areas. We find that government officials conceive land bank areas to be generally fertile but currently ‘unused’. In reality, we find land bank areas: (1) are used by pastoralists or rural people practicing land extensive forms of cultivation that are only loosely integrated into the Ethiopian state, (2) overlap with protected areas such as National Parks, and (3) are located in places that have surface water resources the government intends to use for large-scale development such as irrigation or hydropower projects. We argue that the intended land uses of banked lands serve not only to fulfill larger development objectives but also increase state-accessible product produced in these areas strengthening the link between ‘othering’ labels, development, and state-making in the context of the global land rush. 相似文献
17.
《Geoforum》2013
This paper demonstrates how the global commodity chain approach has mutated from a critical tool for studying the production of inequality in the global economy to an instrument of development policy that extends the frontiers of marketization to so-called “peripheries” in the Global South. Taking an outgrower scheme for the global production of organic mangoes in northern Ghana as point of departure, and situating this case study within the broader context of market experiments in the Ghanaian agricultural sector, it develops an account of global capitalism as a diverse, heterogeneous and messy arrangement of local borderlands. As a zone of inclusive exclusion these borderlands are brought into being by an economic discourse which separates the inside of the capitalist world from its supposed outside. The so-called integration of smallholders into global markets relies on exclusionary representations and the forging of new associations. First, economic practices in northern Ghana are portrayed by economists as defective and in doing so determine what lies outside the market. Second, within this “outside” – on which the “inside” actually depends – global capitalism mediated through the market models and rhetoric of international development organizations now literally touches the ground in specific geographical settings. Hence Frontier regions as represented by our case study bear the paradoxical character of the work of economics and are an instructive example for the performative power of economic theories. Marketization is revealed as a complex and socio-technically entangled process full of hidden prerequisites and unforeseen consequences that open up new social spaces of multiple ontological reconfigurations. 相似文献
18.
Lise Herslund 《GeoJournal》2007,70(1):47-59
Today “rural diversification” is high on the agenda in rural development. This article analyses rural diversification under
conditions of post-socialist economic transition using case areas in Latvia and Estonia. The study shows that transition from
centrally planned economy to market economy has had an enormous impact in the rural areas. Agricultural production and employment
has decreased dramatically and rural unemployment is high. The conditions for rural diversification the first years after
independence depended a lot on the local presence of non-farm activities before the split up of collective farming, in both
production facilities but also in the skills and relations people had. Since independence, markets for traditional rural services
and products have decreased. The extent to which local businesses find markets outside the local area and people have been
able to integrate into the new labour market of service and construction jobs often in urban areas are essential for the diversification
of the rural economy. Most rural inhabitants only have skills in large-scale agriculture and limited contacts to outside the
local area which makes exploiting new opportunities difficult. The local capacity for withholding, developing and inducing
new activities is weak. The challenge for rural development policy is to extend the possibilities of the rural inhabitants
to exploit new opportunities. 相似文献
19.
《Geoforum》2015
Feminist scholars have emphasised the central import of bringing feminist approaches into political geography, so as not to reify the global or the totalizing ambitions of political geography. However, the reification of the global is perhaps a pragmatic strategy for small places in a big world. Singapore is touted as the Asian development miracle; a Tiger Economy that has survived in spite of its small size and lack of natural resources. This year the man credited with its transformation from a backwater island-state to a global city-state, passed away. This is also the year that marks the 50th year of Singapore’s independence. In writing this review I analyse the overlap and synergies between the developmental goals of a newly independent state and the goals of the feminist movements. In particular, I maintain that the government’s push to transform Singapore into a global city from the late 1980s onwards, and its strategic use of Asian Family Values as the panacea for the threat of Westernisation have resulted in a more divided movement. Looking past the legacy of Singapore’s Lee Kuan Yew, I ask how we may begin to reclaim feminist politics to stitch together the divided spaces produced by Singaporean state biopolitics. Through this exercise, this intervention contributes to feminist articulations on the problem spaces of feminism; and challenges the reification of the global by talking across multiple worlds that feminist politics inhabit. 相似文献
20.
丽江古城滨水休闲空间研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于丽江古城滨水空间独特的空间形式,已成为当地居民和外来游客最喜爱的休闲空间。在今天的现代生活,传统的河流文化已逐渐演变成现代城市滨水休闲文化。通过对丽江古城滨水休闲空间多层次的分析研究,对古城建筑、水系、街道的布局类型进行了分类分析,同时对丽江古城现代滨水休闲空间的营造提出了一定的建议。 相似文献