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1.
腾格里沙漠122个盐湖分为石盐、石盐-芒硝、石盐-白钠镁矾及芒硝(石膏)4种类型。盐湖含盐系厚度一般4～9m,总体呈现下部为含盐碎屑沉积,上部以盐类沉积为主,构成储卤层,卤水赋存其中,由湖岸至湖心储卤层厚度增长。含卤层理渐小,卤水含KCl渐高。盐湖中矿物主要为碳酸盐矿物,以芒硝、石膏为主的硫酸盐矿物、石盐以及粘土矿物。盐湖卤水以晶间卤水为主。许多卤水含K+大于2g/L。K+含量最高的红盐池,平均含量达19.14g/L。对钾矿而言,在盐湖分布相对集中地区,有一定的综合开发利用前景。 相似文献
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<正> 潜江凹陷是白垩—第三纪的江汉盆地中的次一级继承性凹陷。凹陷内的潜江组(渐新统)盐系地层是一套内陆盐湖相巨厚沉积。盐系地层厚达3500米以上,其中盐类岩石累积厚度达1800米,并广泛分布有钾钠镁的硫酸盐复盐矿物,如无水钠镁矾、钠镁矾、盐镁芒硝、钾芒硝、无水钾镁矾等(图1)。由钾芒硝和无水钾镁矾组成的钾盐矿床,属于一种新的矿床类型。研究该矿床矿物的形成条件,共生组合及其在剖面上的变化规律,对于查明这类矿物的沉积条件和形成过程,具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。 相似文献
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潜江凹陷是自垩—第三纪的江汉盆地中次一级的继承性凹陷.凹陷内潜江组(渐新统)盐系地层是一套巨厚的内陆盐湖沉积.盐系地层厚达3500米以上,其中盐类岩石累计厚度达1800米,并广泛分布有钾钠镁的硫酸盐复盐矿物,如无水钠镁矾、钠镁矾、盐镁芒硝、钾芒硝、无水钾镁矾等(图1).由钾芒硝和无水钾镁矾组成的钾矿层,在钾盐矿床中属于一种新的矿床类型.研究这些矿物的形成条件,共生组合及其在剖面上的变化规律,对于查明该盐矿床的沉积条件和形成过程,具有一定的理论和现实意义. 相似文献
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<正> 1979年4月,作者在研究青海柴达木盆地大柴旦盐湖硼矿床的物质成分时,首次在我国发现了一种含羟基的钠镁硫酸盐矿物——羟钠镁矾(uklonskovite)。羟钠镁矾是 M.H 斯留萨耶娃于1963年在苏联阿姆—达里河下游钻孔岩心中发现的新矿物,该矿物产于第三系被盐层覆盖的粘土岩空洞中,共生矿物为无水芒硝和杂卤石,上覆盐层的石膏中富含钙芒硝、白钠镁矾、杂卤石和其它硫酸盐矿物。M.H. 相似文献
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大浪滩矿区系以钾为主的盐类矿床，属硫酸盐型的现代盐湖沉积矿床。其中上更新统至全新统（Q_3 4），分布于区内所有盐滩和凹地中，为石盐芒硝夹含石膏淤泥层，地表为含砂石盐壳，局部含有石膏晶片和表外钾矿层。全新统（Q_4）的沉积物以石盐为主，次为芒硝、泻利盐、白钠镁钒、钾石盐和光卤石、水氯镁石，是该区内的主要含钾层位。下更新统（Q_1 2）的岩性主要为灰黄色薄至厚层砂质泥岩和泥岩互层，部分地段有少量厚层与薄层砾岩、泥灰岩、部分地段夹有较多的盐层。 相似文献
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Q凹陷杂卤石的地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
杂卤石(K_2SO_4·MgSO_4·2CaSO_4·2H_2O)是较钾芒硝、钾石盐、光卤石等难溶的钾盐矿物。 Q凹陷下第三系杂卤石发现于1972年底。虽因其埋藏太深(1410米—2800米)而无工业价值,但通过研究表明,杂卤石在硫酸盐型碎屑岩系含盐盆地的发展过程中有其特殊的地质意义: 相似文献
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《矿物岩石》2018,(4)
白钠镁矾是卤水演化过程中的次生硫酸盐矿物,含水蒸发盐矿物的镁等稳定同位素特征少有报道。实验选择柴达木盆地西部干盐湖钻孔SG-1中的白钠镁矾,对其进行了矿物学、结晶水氢氧同位素、镁同位素等的研究。柴达木盆地白钠镁矾的晶胞参数为a(nm)=0.553 76,b(nm)=0.824 7,c(nm)=1.111 7,β=100°45′。结晶水失水温度为135℃～180℃和200℃～298℃,Mg~(2+),Na~+和SO_4~(2-)含量分别为63.99×10~(-3)～82.8×10~(-3),134.33×10~(-3)～162.21×10~(-3),567×10~(-3)～641.62×10~(-3)。δ~(26)Mg为-1.163‰～-0.072‰,结晶水的δD为-12.10‰～3.72‰,δ~(18)O为13.07‰～15.34‰,浅部白钠镁矾的镁同位素及结晶水氢氧同位素值均比深部的值偏正,与研究区气候干旱化趋势一致,古湖水受到强烈的蒸发作用,Mg同位素的变化也具有环境指示意义。结晶水氢氧同位素线明显不同于大气降水线,也说明盐类矿物中氧同位素比该钻孔中石膏结晶水氧同位素明显偏正,说明白钠镁矾结晶水来源于大气降水,但受到强烈的蒸发作用影响。 相似文献
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混合酰胺类药剂是反浮选软钾镁矾的一种选矿浮选药剂。它首次在国内对青海盐湖研制成的滩晒软钾镁矾和氯化钠混合可溶性盐使用,具有明显的分选效果。通过实验室试验,软钾镁矾品位达94%以上,回收率90%以上。这种药剂在制备过程中采用可溶性有机液体分离产生酰胺,酰胺再与浮选活化剂混合使用的方法,通过多种药方比较,达到预期分离效果。此类混合药剂原料来源广,制备工艺简单,成本低廉,具有一定的推广应用价值。 相似文献
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以柴达木盆地昆特依盐湖大盐滩矿区杂卤石矿为原料,在300℃~500℃温区内进行杂卤石的焙烧,利用XRD表征焙烧前后矿物特征。结果表明:(1)杂卤石矿样焙烧后重量损失约0.41g,与杂卤石中两个结构水重量0.43g相当,表明在此温区内杂卤石结构破坏而使结构水脱除所致;(2)杂卤石矿样焙烧后,杂卤石中CaSO_4组分主要以硬石膏形式存在,K_2SO_4和MgSO_4组分以无水钾镁矾形式存在,两种矿物XRD特征峰非常明显;(3)随着焙烧温度的增加,焙烧产物中硬石膏和无水钾镁矾XRD特征峰强度随之变强,说明两种矿物含量增加,尤其在450℃和500℃时无水钾镁矾XRD特征峰最强;(4)杂卤石矿样中石英、云母、钠长石等硅酸盐矿物XRD特征峰强度不变,说明它们对杂卤石的热解无影响。经90℃热水浸取焙烧产物后发现,350℃~500℃温区内杂卤石矿样焙烧热浸后K收率皆大于95%,K离子含量皆大于43g/L,且随着焙烧温度的增加,溶浸液中K,Mg,SO_4离子含量和K收率随之增加,与无水钾镁矾XRD特征峰变化趋势一致,表明从杂卤石中提取价值元素K,Mg,SO_4等时,杂卤石结构破坏是非常重要的环节。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2004,19(5):645-664
Sediment and water samples from 12 saline pans on the semi-arid west coast of South Africa were analysed to determine the origin of salts and geochemical evolution of water in the pans. Pans in the area can be subdivided into large, gypsiferous coastal pans with 79–150 g/kg total dissolved salt (TDS), small inland brackish to saline (2–64 g/kg TDS) pans and small inland brine (168-531 g/kg TDS) pans that have a layer of black sulphidic mud below a halite crust. The salinity of coastal pan waters varies with the seasonal influx of dilute runoff and dissolution of relict Pleistocene marine evaporite deposits. In contrast, inland pans are local topographic depressions, bordered on the north by downslope lunette dunes, where solutes are concentrated by evaporation of runoff, throughflow and groundwater seepage. The composition of runoff and seepage inflow waters is determined by modification of coastal rainfall by weathering, calcite precipitation and ion exchange reactions in the predominantly granitic catchment soils. Evaporation of pan waters leads to precipitation of calcite, Mg–calcite, dolomite, gypsum and halite in a distinct stratigraphic succession in pan sediments. Bicarbonate limits carbonate precipitation, Ca limits gypsum precipitation and Na limits halite precipitation. Dolomitisation of calcite is enhanced by the high Mg/Ca ratio of brine pan waters. Brine pan waters evolve seasonally from Na–Cl dominated brines in the wet winter months to Mg–Cl dominated brines in the dry summer months, when 5–20 cm thick halite crusts cover pan surfaces. Pan formation was probably initiated during a drier climate period in the early Holocene. More recent replacement of natural vegetation by cultivated land may have accelerated salt accumulation in the pans. 相似文献
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已被多数研究察尔汗盐湖的地质学者普遍运用的、原苏联学者Ｍ．Г．Ｂａлящко的干盐湖晶间卤水分异成因理论“重力垂直分异”说，并不能圆满地解释该湖晶间卤水非常复杂的分异现象。现以系统理论为指导，用数学地质方法，通过电子计算机对大量数据的处理，把全湖Ｓ３盐层晶间卤水分为８个总体，将其补给系统（一级补给系统）分为４大子系统（二级补给系统）、４０个更小的系统（三级补给系统）。在此基础上，提出了晶间卤水分异成因新观点阶段性淡化说 相似文献
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新疆巴里坤盐湖是一个常年性固、液并存的硫酸盐型盐湖。盐湖卤水中含Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｃｌ－、ＳＯ２－４、ＨＣＯ－３、ＣＯ２－３等主要成分，沉积物中有芒硝、无水芒硝、石膏、水钙芒硝、半水石膏、石盐等盐类矿物及碳酸盐和泥质矿物。盐湖中有大量卤虫及卤虫卵自湖中心向湖岸呈环带状分布，在成盐过程中起着重要作用。盐湖形成于第三纪，第四纪以来，曾经历２次成岩期，约自１７ｋａＢ．Ｐ．湖水多次蒸发浓缩，成岩作用加强，形成芒硝等矿产 相似文献
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腾格里沙漠地区水化学特征 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
水资源极为匮乏的腾格里沙漠区内所赋存的水主要有两种类型。一种是沙下潜水 ,主要是周边山区由高向低缓慢地向沙漠区运移所致 ,分布较为普遍 ;另一种是沙漠湖水 ,它是在沙漠区内之低洼地段 ,由于沙下潜水的长期溢出汇集于大小不等的长条状湖泊之中 ,以湖表水 (咸水和卤水 )的形式存在。沙下潜水矿化度在 0 .5～ 1 g/L之间 ,为本区的饮用水。湖表水咸苦 ,矿化度较高 ,就同一湖区而言 ,也有咸水和卤水之分 ,咸水矿化度为每升数十克 ,卤水则在 1 0 0～ 440 g/L之间 ,已达到了盐湖类沉积阶段 相似文献
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青藏高原盐湖中的锂、硼等矿产资源具有极高的经济价值.锂、硼等矿产资源的含量及其空间分布是盐湖观测的重点,对于盐湖资源的开发利用具有重要的指导意义.利用遥感技术开展盐湖观测可以克服传统观测站观测空间上数据不连续、费时费力等缺点,而机器学习等人工智能算法可以快速高效地挖掘遥感数据信息,因此本文基于Landsat-8遥感影像数据,利用LightGBM算法开展西藏扎布耶盐湖北湖锂浓度遥感反演.经过采样点波谱数据的获取、锂浓度LightGBM回归模型的构建、盐湖锂浓度反演一系列的实验步骤,最终的模型评价结果显示平均相对误差为0.053530925,均方根误差为10.2869,卡方为0.867,模型与实测数据拟合程度较高.反演结果表明:整个北湖中,锂浓度最高的是东南部的水域,最低的是中西部的水域;河流和秋里南木泉水群的汇入使得附近的水域锂浓度降低;对于本身位于中部锂浓度低值区的钙华岛来说,岛内泉水的汇入使得附近的水域锂浓度有所升高,这一结果与实际情况较为吻合.通过本文的反演研究,证明了LightGBM机器学习算法用于快速反演盐湖锂浓度的可行性和精确性,同时为其它盐湖矿产资源遥感反演提供了技术启示,也为后续的盐湖资源量评估奠定了基础. 相似文献
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We investigate the evolution of the salt field in a bar-built estuary after the tidal inlet is closed by sediment, isolating the estuary from the ocean. We show that seawater trapped by inlet closure in the Russian River Estuary, CA, undergoes a two-stage landward intrusion process that leads to widespread salt stratification throughout the estuary. This salinity intrusion extends to distances of several kilometers from the beach—into the “inner estuary” that is separated from the “outer estuary” by shallow sills and typically devoid of saline waters during tidal conditions when the mouth is open. We describe landward movement of saline waters during six closure events in 2009 and 2010, based on repeat boat-based conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) surveys and bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs). While sills block the initial landward motion of dense saline waters due to gravitational adjustment (first stage of intrusion), these same sills facilitate a wind-induced, one-direction valve mechanism through which saline waters are pumped into the inner estuary. Saline waters that crest the shallow sill can drain into deeper pools in the inner estuary as a pulsed gravity current (second stage of intrusion). We use empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to identify an internal seiche in the outer estuary that results in uplift of pycnocline waters during the night at the boundary to the inner estuary. EOF analysis of inner estuary currents and a horizontal Richardson number are used to suggest that nocturnal gravity current events in the inner estuary (beyond the blocking sill) occur as pulses initiated by the internal seiche in the outer estuary. 相似文献
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巴里坤盐湖卤水主要为湖表卤水，矿化度为２１５～２６３ｇ／Ｌ，最高可达３８１ｇ／Ｌ。水中富含Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋，Ｃａ２＋，Ｍｇ２＋及Ｃｌ－，，等多种化学成分。以上阴、阳离子总和占卤水总含盐量的９９．６％。除主要成分外，还赋存有多种微量元素，其中硼、锂、溴、碘合量较高，是盐湖卤水的特征组分。这些微量元素的分布特征生要受湖盆构造、补给水、气候条件及元素本身的地球化学性质所控制。 相似文献
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This paper deals with mineral and thermomineral water occurrences of the Bujanovac valley in south eastern part of Serbia related to granitoides of the Bujanovac massif along both the margin and the floor of the valley. In past decades (1966–2010) numerous hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and geophysical explorations were carried out. One of results of these explorations is the completion of test holes and exploratory—production wells. They provide groundwater for three water bottling factories: “Heba”, “Bivoda”, “Prohor” as well as the “Vrelo Bujanovac Banja Spa Centre” for rehabilitation, treatment, and prevention. All stated consumers use the same mineral water aquifer. The content of fluoride in the majority of examined mineral waters is higher than 4 mg/1, whereby they are singled out as typical fluoride waters. The content of calcium ions in them amounts 80 mg/1, and the values of the saturation index in relation to calcium fluoride (SI) range from 0.4 to 0.7 mg/1, which points to mineral waters saturated in relation to fluorite. However, in the study area, there are mineral water occurrences with the content of fluoride significantly lower than in the majority of analysed waters representing hydrochemical anomalies. These waters occur as hydrochemical anomalies in marl and sandstone wherein Secondary mineral water aquifers, originating from cracked granite of the Bujanovac massif, are formed. When mineral waters from granite (with the increased content of fluoride) reach these secondary aquifers, the content of fluoride ions lowers to about 1 mg/1, which is of great significance from the point of view of mineral water utilisation as table bottled water. In this paper, it is proved that, in addition to the presence of some minerals as basic fluorine bearers, the role of the lithological environment where the natural process of defluoridation occurs is significant, which is confirmed by the revitalization of the A-4 well. The paper deals with mineral water deposits of the Bujanovac valley, and the natural way of lowering of fluorine content in the given waters. 相似文献
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The authors have carried out scientific investigations of salt lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 1956 and collected 550 hydrochemical data from various types of salt lakes. On that basis, combined with the tectonic characteristics of the plateau, the hydrochemical characteristics of the salt lakes of the plateau are discussed. The salinity of the lakes of the plateau is closely related to the natural environment of lake evolution, especially the climatic conditions. According to the available data and interpretation of satellite images, the salinity of the lakes of the plateau has a general trend of decreasing from north and northwest to south and southeast, broadly showing synchronous variations with the annual precipitation and aridity (annual evaporation/annual precipitation) of the modern plateau. The pH values of the plateau salt lakes are related to both hydrochemical types and salinities of the lake waters, i.e., the pH values tend to decrease from the carbonate type → sodium sulfate subtype → magnesium sulfate subtype → chloride type; on the other hand, a negative correlation is observed between the pH and salinities of the lakes. Geoscientists and biological limnologists generally use main ions in salt lakes as the basis for the hydrochemical classification of salt lakes. The common ions in salt lakes are Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl? SO4 2?, CO3 2?, and HCO3 ?. In this paper, the Kurnakov-Valyashko classification is used to divide the salt lakes into the chloride type, magnesium sulfate subtype, sodium sulfate subtype and carbonate type, and then according to different total alkalinities (K C = Na2CO3 + NaHCO3/total salt × 100%) and different saline mineral assemblages, the carbonate type is further divided into three subtypes, namely, strong carbonate subtype, moderate carbonate subtype and weak carbonate subtypes. According to the aforesaid hydrochemical classifications, a complete and meticulous hydrochemical classification of the salt lakes of the plateau has been made and then a clear understanding of the characteristics of N–S hydrochemical zoning and E-W hydrochemical differentiation has been obtained. The plateau is divided into four zones and one area. There is a genetic association between certain saline minerals and specific salt lake hydrochemical types: the representative mineral assemblages of the carbonate type of salt lake is borax (tincalconite) and borax-zabuyelite (L2CO3) and alkali carbonate-mirabilite; the representative mineral assemblages of the sodium sulfate subtype are mirabilite (thenardite)-halite and magnesium borate (kurnakovite, inderite etc.)-ulexite-mirabilite; the representative mineral assemblages of the magnesium sulfate subtype are magnesium sulfate (epsomite, bloedite)-halite, magnesium borate-mirabilite, and mirabilite-schoenite-halite, as well as large amount of gypsum; The representative mineral assemblages of the chloride type are carnallite-bischofite-halite and carnallite-halite, with antarcticite in a few individual salt lakes. The above-mentioned salt lake mineral assemblages of various types on the plateau have features of cold-phase assemblages. Mirabilite and its associated cold-phase saline minerals are important indicators for the study of paleoclimate changes of the plateau. A total of 59 elements have been detected in lake waters of the plateau now, of which the concentrations of Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Cl, and SO4 2?, CO3 2?, and HCO3 ? ions are highest, but, compared with the hydrochemical compositions of other salt lake regions, the plateau salt lakes, especially those in the southern Qiangtang carbonate type subzone (I2), contain high concentrations of Li, B, K, Cs, and Rb, and there are also As, U, Th, Br, Sr, and Nd positive anomalies in some lakes. In the plateau lake waters, B is intimately associated with Li, Cs, K and Rb and its concentration shows a general positive correlation with increasing salinity of the lake waters. The highest positive anomalies of B, Li, Cs, and K center on the Ngangla Ringco Lake area in the western segment of the southern Qiangtang carbonate type subzone (I2) and coincide with Miocene volcanic-sedimentary rocks and high-value areas of B, Li, and Cs of the plateau. This strongly demonstrates that special elements such as B, Li, and Cs on the plateau were related to deep sources. Based on recent voluminous geophysical study and geochemical study of volcanic rocks, their origin had close genetic relation to anatectic magmatism resulting from India–Eurasia continent–continent collision, and B–Li (-Ce) salt lakes in the Cordillera Plateau of South America just originated on active continental margins, both of which indicate that global specific tectonically active belts are the main cause for the high abundances of B, Li, and Cs (K and Rb) in natural water and mineralization of these elements. 相似文献