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文章初步讨论了我国北方表生、后生、渗入型砂岩型铀矿的成矿机制和成矿作用动力学问题。成矿作用包括了氧化-还原作用、有机质作用、水-岩相互作用、有机-无机作用和流体动力学等地球化学过程动力学,尤其是水-岩相互作用的流体输运-化学反应过程动力学和有机-无机作用过程。砂岩型铀矿成矿中地球化学障的形成和铀的富集是这些过程多重耦合的结果。识别这些地球化学过程的动力学机制有利于理解矿床成因和确立勘查目标。 相似文献
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流体包裹体地球化学研究表明.出岔一乱石沟金矿床为中高温热液矿床,矿床在弱还原、弱酸性成矿流体中形成,成矿流体兼有变质水和岩浆水的特点。稳定同位素地球化学分析揭示,矿质来源于下地壳太华群火山碎屑岩系的深熔作用,但其活化、迁移、富集成矿则与晚燕山期酸性岩浆热事件有关。出岔一乱石沟金矿床的成矿作用是中高温开放体系水-岩反应过程。 相似文献
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2007年拟举办的重要国际、国内学术会议简要 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
(1)第十二届水-岩相互作用国际会议(昆明,2007年8月13～18日)水-岩相互作用国际学术会议(WRI Symposia)由国际地球化学与天体化学学会水-岩相互作用工作组(Working Group on Water-Rock Interaction,IAGC)主办,每3年在不同的国家举办一次.会议拟着重交流水-岩相互作用的热力学和动力学模拟、矿床及成矿作用及有关的地质灾害等方面的应用与基础研究成果. 相似文献
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热液矿床成矿作用动力学过程涉及多时空高度耦合的物理和化学过程。数值模拟是研究这一复杂动力学过程的重要而有效的工具之一,也可在找矿预测等方面发挥重要作用。以南岭地区石英脉钨矿床为例,利用计算机求解控制构造-流体的物理和化学方程,定量揭示成矿热液聚焦流动与"五层楼"成矿的对应关系,正演高压成矿流体致使围岩发生水力破裂及其成矿效应。模拟结果与石英脉型钨矿床的构造地球化学特征相符。 相似文献
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在对阮家湾铜-钼-钨矿床白钨矿矿化进行野外及室内矿床地质工作的基础上,作者从古水文地质学和地球化学角度探讨了钨矿化机制。该矿床钨矿化具层控性,在沉积-成岩过程中,含矿地层中奥陶统碳酸盐岩中即有钨的初步富集,这主要和与含矿地层相邻的泥质岩所经历的水交替过程及地球化学作用有关,燕山晚期阮家湾岩体侵入后,钨得以再次富集,形成矿体。 相似文献
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川东黄龙组古岩溶储层的稳定同位系和流体性质 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对川东黄龙组古岩溶储层的碳，氧，锶同位素特征进行了系统研究，结果表明储层中不同溶蚀强度，结构，成分的岩淀岩和胶结物稳定同位素地球化学特征各异，演化规律明显受水－岩反应过程中的水／岩比，流体性质，同位素来源和相对丰度，以及不同条件下同位素分馏平衡效应控制，并可作为判别储层形成过程中流体性质和古水文条件的重要标志。 相似文献
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结合化学反应方程式,并应用多孔多相介质溶混污染物输运过程的数值模型,对多孔多相介质中含均相/非均相化学反应传质过程进行了数值模拟。化学反应主要包含均相快速/慢速和非均相快速/慢速等5种化学反应过程,溶质输运行为的控制机制主要考虑对流、扩散及降解、吸附等。基于原有的隐式特征线Galerkin离散化的有限元方法,求解模型控制方程的边值初值问题,求解过程中把均相化学反应物质中按照反应物和生成物分开,非均相反应物质按照固相和液相分开,对均相反应物及非均相液相物质浓度耦合求解,而均相生成物和非均相固相物质独立求解。使方程组按照其不同类型进行分类,同时可减少未知数的个数。对于含有非线性内状态变量的右端项进行迭代求解。数值例题结果验证了所提出的数值方法的有效性、计算精度和稳定性。 相似文献
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在野外和室内岩相学观察的基础上,详细剖析了蚀变-矿化时序,结合热力学数值模拟方法与定量结果,厘定了水-
岩反应过程中矿物的沉淀次序、流体组分的存在形式、迁移行为、浓度变化和矿物形成机制以及组分之间的化学反应,为
进一步研究水-岩反应与金矿化的关系奠定了基础。研究结果显示反应初期K+由流体带入围岩形成钾长石化,随着反应的
进行,H+浓度持续降低而Fe2+和Al3+含量升高,绢云母和石英大量沉淀,钾长石消失;反应后期各类硫化物开始沉淀,石英
持续沉淀贯穿整个反应过程。成矿流体中SO42-,HS-,Fe2+的含量对蚀变矿物组合影响很大;水-岩反应过程中硫酸盐
（SO42-） 减少生成等量的HS-并伴随着含三价铁矿物的沉淀,可能是焦家金矿床硫化物沉淀的一种重要机制。整个反应过程
中溶液pH值持续升高是原岩中Ca,K,Na,Mg等与溶液中H+发生交换反应的结果;同时pH值的升高也会降低金的溶解度
致使金沉淀。上述研究成果对于理解岩石中的矿物共生组合、生成顺序及蚀变分带的成因机制提供了新的依据。 相似文献
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阿舍勒铜矿曾被认为是次火山热液矿床。根据岩芯观察研究和同位素、微量元素及稀土元素地球化学研究,认为该矿属海相火山喷气沉积成因,成矿作用与双峰式火山岩密不可分,细碧岩是成矿金属元素的主要来源,而作为沉淀剂的硫主要由酸性火山喷气作用提供。 相似文献
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W.C Shanks James L Bischoff Robert J Rosenbauer 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1981,45(11):1977-1995
Sulfate reduction during seawater reaction with fayalite and with magnetite was rapid at 350°C, producing equilibrium assemblages of talc-pyrite-hematite-magnetite at low water/rock ratios and talc-pyrite-hematite-anhydrite at higher water/rock ratios. At 250°C, seawater reacting with fayalite produced detectable amounts of dissolved H2S, but extent of reaction of solid phases was minor after 150 days. At 200°C, dissolved H2S was not detected, even after 219 days, but mass balance calculations suggest a small amount of pyrite may have formed. Reaction stoichiometry indicates that sulfate reduction requires large amounts of H+, which, in subseafloor hydrothermal systems is provided by Mg metasomatism. Seawater contains sufficient Mg to supply all the H+ necessary for quantitative reduction of seawater sulfate.Systematics of sulfur isotopes in the 250 and 350°C experiments indicate that isotopic equilibrium is reached, and can be modeled as a Rayleigh distillation process. Isotopic composition of hydrothermally produced H2S in natural systems is strongly dependent upon the seawater/basalt ratio in the geothermal system, which controls the relative sulfide contributions from the two important sulfur sources, seawater sulfate and sulfide phases in basalt. Anhydrite precipitation during geothermal heating severely limits sulfate ingress into high temperature interaction zones. Quantitative sulfate reduction can thus be accomplished without producing strongly oxidized rocks and resultant sulfide sulfur isotope values represent a mixture of seawater and basaltic sulfur. 相似文献
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Surface reaction versus diffusion control of mineral dissolution and growth rates in geochemical processes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The kinetics of chemical reactions at mineral surfaces and the rates of diffusion of species in an aqueous phase are coupled in many geochemical systems. Analytical solutions to equations describing coupled mineral dissolution/growth and solute transport in both transient and steady-state systems are used to delimit regimes of pure reaction control, pure transport control and mixed kinetic control of mass-transfer rates. The relative significance of the two processes depends on the magnitudes of the diffusion coefficients and rate constants as functions of temperature, and the degree of disequilibrium in the system. In addition, the system geometry, the ratio of mineral surface area to diffusion cross-section, and the porosity and tortuosity of the medium through which aqueous species diffuse affect reaction vs. diffusion control. In general, diffusion control increases with increasing temperature and increasing distance over which diffusion occurs. Calculations for the mixed kinetic regime in transient systems demonstrate that the relative significance of diffusion and surface reaction varies with reaction progress, and approaches a limiting value as equilibrium is approached. This limiting value may be appropriate to natural water-rock interactions that occur at conditions that are close to equilibrium. This result permits extension of simple models for irreversible mass transfer in homogeneous systems to systems in which mass-transfer kinetics are controlled by coupled surface reactions and mass transport. Criteria are established for time and length scales and fluid velocity limits on the validity of the continuum hypothesis and the local equilibrium assumption in mass-transport modeling. 相似文献
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地球化学模式程序的原理,分类与功能 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
地球化学模式是用化学反应式和数学公式来描述地球化学作用的一种概念化的模式，在这种概念化的模式基础上利用数学方法和计算机语言编制的软件便是地球化学模式程序。按照原理和复杂程度可把地球化学模式程序分为３大类，即质量平衡程序、物质转化程序和溶质迁移程序。地球化学模式程序的主要功能包括计算元素在水溶液中的存在形式，预测各类地球化学反应进行的方向，物质的溶解与沉淀，溶液的Ｅｈ、ｐＨ值，计算地球化学作用的反应速度和反应途径等。 相似文献
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Equilibrium-kinetic model of water-rock interaction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A computer model was developed for chemical interaction in water-rock systems. The model is based on the concept of partial
equilibrium [1] and combines the calculation of chemical equilibria in multicomponent systems with accounting for the kinetics
of the congruent dissolution of minerals as a function of pH (zeroth order kinetic reactions). The development of the process
in time is simulated as a series of sequential partial equilibria, and the bulk chemical composition of the system is calculated
at each time step from the chemical composition of aqueous solution at the beginning of the step and masses of minerals dissolved
during time Δt. The dissolution rates of individual minerals are calculated at each time step for the given temperature, current pH value,
and the degree of solution saturation with respect to minerals. Variations in the surface area of minerals due to precipitation
and dissolution are accounted for. Model application is exemplified by the calculation of chemical equilibria in the water-granite
system. The model may be useful for understanding the character of low-temperature interactions in water-rock systems under
stagnant conditions, in particular, the multistage development of groundwater chemistry, interaction of liquid radioactive
waste injected into underground repositories, etc. 相似文献
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Franco Tassi Bruno Capaccioni Giorgio Caramanna Daniele Cinti Giordano Montegrossi Luca Pizzino Fedora Quattrocchi Orlando Vaselli 《Applied Geochemistry》2009
A geochemical survey of thermal waters collected from submarine vents at Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, southern Italy) was carried out from December 2002 to March 2007, in order to investigate (i) the geochemical processes controlling the chemical composition of the hydrothermal fluids and (ii) the possible relations between the chemical features of the hydrothermal reservoir and the activity of the magmatic system. Compositional data of the thermal water samples were integrated in a hydrological conceptual model, which describes the formation of the vent fluid by mixing of seawater, seawater concentrated by boiling, and a deep, highly-saline end-member, whose composition is regulated by water-rock interactions at relatively high temperature and shows clear clues of magmatic-related inputs. The chemical composition of concentrated seawater was assumed to be represented by that of the water sample having the highest Mg content. The composition of the deep end-member was instead calculated by extrapolation assuming a zero-Mg end-member. The Na–K–Ca geothermometer, when applied to the thermal end-member composition, indicated an equilibrium temperature of approximately 300 °C, a temperature in agreement with the results obtained by gas-geothermometry. 相似文献
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阿尔泰可可塔勒铅锌矿床围岩蚀变及成因 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
可可塔勒铅锌矿床受火山喷发中心和沉积洼地控制，铅锌沉淀于海进阶段的局限还原卤水池中；矿下存在大型蚀变带，构成成矿流体对流循环过程中的水-岩作用带；后期造山挤压过程使地层和矿体倒转，矿床最终定位于麦兹倒转向斜之北东倒转翼的东南近转折部位。指出该矿床属海底火山喷流沉积改造型块状硫化物铅锌矿床。 相似文献
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Br/Cl ratios and O, H, C, and B isotopic constraints on the origin of saline waters from eastern Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Saline groundwaters were recovered from undisturbed (Restigouche deposit) and active (Brunswick #12 mine) Zn-Pb volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in the Bathurst Mining Camp (BMC), northern New Brunswick, Canada. These groundwaters, along with fresh to brackish meteoric ground and surface waters from the BMC, have been analyzed to determine their major, trace element and stable isotopic (O, H, C, and B) compositions. Saline groundwaters (total dissolved solids = 22-45 g/L) are characterized by relatively high Na/Ca ratios compared to brines from the Canadian Shield and low Na/Clmolar and δ11B isotopic compositions (−2.5‰ to 11.1‰) compared to seawater. Although saline waters from the Canadian Shield commonly have oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions that plot to the left of the global meteoric water line, those from the BMC fall close to the water line. Fracture and vein carbonate minerals at the Restigouche deposit have restricted carbon isotopic compositions of around −5‰ to −6‰. The carbon isotopic compositions of the saline waters at the Restigouche deposit (+12‰ δ13CDIC) are the result of fractionation of dissolved inorganic carbon by methanogenesis. We suggest that, unlike previous models for shield brines, the composition of saline waters in the BMC is best explained by prolonged water-rock reaction, with no requirement of precursor seawater. We suggest that elevated Br/Cl ratios of saline waters compared to seawater may be explained by differential uptake of Br and Cl during groundwater evolution through water-rock reaction. 相似文献