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藏北与滇南均是地震多发区，甘肃台网记录的该两区地震波有明显差异。滇南地震波途经青藏高原东缘到兰州，其体波波列以短周期成分为主。短周期面波Ｌ（ｇ１）和Ｌ（ｇ２）非常显著，起始尖锐。藏北地震波途经青藏高原东北部到兰州，传播介质对地震体波的短周期部分吸收相当强，体波和面波均有一定的衰减，Ｌ（ｇ１）不明显或缺失，Ｌ（ｇ２）起始缓慢，周期长。对两区地震波的对比研究表明，由于两传播路径中的上地幔与地壳上部构造差异显著，介质密度和分层不同，对地震波的吸收也就不同，从而造成两地区地震记录上的差别。 相似文献
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地震波走时和射线的有限差分计算 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以往都是采用射线追踪的方法计算地震波的走时和射线，但是当速度模型复杂时这种方法存在一些问题。本文提出另一种计算地震波走时和射线的方法。该方法从程函方程出发，利用互换原理和Ｆｅｒｍａｔ原理计算出各种波的到时和射线。解决了射线追踪方法存在的问题。为地震波走时和射线的计算以及地震波走时反演开辟了一条新途径。 相似文献
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本文从误差解析公式及数值模拟计算两种途径讨论了利用常用地方震相Pg,Sg,PmP,Pn,sPL测定震源深度的误差问题,结果表明,两种途径获取的误差值相当。对于上地壳的地震而言,当直达波走时误差处于0.1 s的量级时,若要将误差控制在3 km左右,则应选用震中距为30 km以内的台站;当走时误差处于0.2 s的量级时,若要控制同等误差,则应选用震中距为20 km以内的台站;如果地震位于下地壳,震中距可适当放宽,然而当震中距更大或走时误差更大时,震源深度的误差则近乎成倍增长。PmP,Pn,sPL对上地壳的震源深度测定误差要小于下地壳,同时对误差的控制较好,不会随震中距的增大而快速增大,震中距处于90 km范围以内且走时误差小于0.1 s时的深度误差基本均能控制在3.5 km以内。此外,本文还通过“棋盘格”的方式定量地分析了速度扰动对走时的影响,并以首都圈地区台网布局为基础,分析了加入首波对震源深度测定的改善效果。这两项数值对比结果均表明,在2%的速度扰动下,只要下地壳和莫霍面的速度参数不同时出现过大或过小现象,加入首波后对震源深度的测定误差则基本能控制在3 km以内,且一致性明显地高于单独使用直达波。 相似文献
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使用阻尼最小二乘法进行震源参数和地壳三维速度结构的走时联合反演．所用资料为Ｓ波和Ｐ波到时差,并用人工地震资料的二维解释结果作为三维速度模型的特定约束条件．为建立初始模型,又利用天然地震构成了准二维剖面．在走时反演基础上,利用遗传算法进行了几个地震事件的波形反演尝试,并对走时反演获得的地壳速度结构模型的局部进行了修正．以３４°～４２°Ｎ,９４°～１１２°Ｅ作为研究区域,在该区域中收集了１９８６年以来大量地震的Ｓ波和Ｐ波到时差资料,７条人工地震二维速度剖面资料和２个数字化地震台的几个地震的三分向记录资料．对这些资料进行了处理,最后得出了０～２５ｋｍ深度不同截面的速度分布,并对所得结果进行了分析． 相似文献
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P. HUBRAL 《Geophysical Prospecting》1976,24(4):719-724
A satisfactory approximation to the travel time of a reflected wave is achieved by finding a ray, which originates in the source and emerges close enough to the receiver. The reason for this is, that the actual travel time function can be approximated in every emergence point of the wave by a time function which is entirely defined by seismic parameters along the ray connecting the source with the point of emergence. 相似文献
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RESEARCH ON TIME-DISTANCE INTERPRETATION OF MULTIPLES AND GHOSTS BASED ON MARINE SEISMIC DATA 
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下载免费PDF全文 Currently, the study on the active fault in the land areas is relatively mature, while there is still lack of detection and research on active faults in the sea areas. Marine exploration, which is different from land areas, has a prominent problem due to the existence of strong reflecting interfaces such as water surface and seafloor in the sea, thus the recording is often accompanied by interference of multiples on seafloor reflections. In addition, because of the characteristics of marine seismic exploration, the source exciting in the water and the geophone receiving in the water, ghost wave usually can be recorded simultaneously during the reflected wave propagation. This phenomenon makes it difficult to distinguish the effective waves and the noise, and has always plagued the data and seriously affects the quality of records. In the offshore and other regions of complex structures, such as inclined interfaces, it is difficult to eliminate the interference of multiples accurately by traditional multiples suppression methods, which are based on the horizontal interface assumption. This paper combines the sea area seismic data and its acquisition method, uses simplified model to simulate the multiples based on the time-distance analysis of multiples and their ghost wave in inclined interface. The time-distance characteristics of the multiples and their ghost waves from different interfaces(including the inclined interface)are obtained, and they are consistent with the actual records. The multiples time-distance simulation can help to distinguish the causes of reflected waves, summarize the multiple-wave time-distance characteristics from different interfaces(including inclined interfaces), and analyze the relationship between the characteristics of multiple waves and primary waves. In particular, this simulation has a significant effect on characterizing the internal multiples that are difficult to identify due to inconspicuous periodicity and the multiples of the inclined interface which present the phenomenon that the vertex of the time-distance curve is shifted. On this basis, relying on the time-distance analysis of ghost wave, we analyze the travel time difference characteristics between reflected waves and their accompanying ghost waves. The differences of the travel time characteristics of different orders ghost wave and reflected wave are summarized and the symmetry of the travel time difference between inclined interface and horizontal interface of ghost waves and reflected waves is analyzed. We simulate the distraction of the ghost wave event with the event of the reflected wave and analyze the influence of the ghost wave on the sea area seismic records. These results can improve the practical interpretation of seismic data. At last, the time-distance information is used to synthesize sea area seismic records, which can help us carry out the effective data processing and understand the characteristics of the time-distance and velocity of multiples in different interfaces and the layer artifact caused by multiples. This study combines the time-distance simulation of multiples and their ghost wave with conventional seismic data processing to analyze the pre-stack and post-stack features of multiple waves and their ghost waves in the seismic records of the sea area. The results of this study are conducive to the effective identification of multiples in seismic records in the sea, provide a theoretical basis for multi-wave suppression and prediction, and may facilitate the future study of sea-area seismic activity detection. 相似文献
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本文将潜在震源的不确定性分为震源类型与震源几何尺度的不确定性两类,用逻辑树方法概括了潜在震源区划分的各种可能方案,并据此给出了考虑潜在震源区划分不确定性的地震危险性分析的计算步骤。用本文的方法对上海市地震危险性进行了分析。 相似文献
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偏振分析可以定量描述地震波的质点运动。 P波质点运动在水平方向上发生偏振, 使得传播方向会偏离台站与地震震源之间大圆弧的方向。 P波偏振分析可以用来约束地下结构以及反映地震各向异性, 提供与剪切波分裂等手段不同的证据。 本文介绍并使用主成分分析(Principle Component Analysis, PCA)的方法, 计算了单一地震台的P波偏振, 同时, 利用谐和分析, 对台站下方的各向异性进行了分析。 将P波偏振分析应用到中国数字地震台网(China Digital Seismograph Network, CDSN)的四个台站10年左右的数据, 筛选并分析了震相清晰、 信噪比高的远震三分量初至P波的质点运动, 拟合出四个台站接收到的地震事件后方位角与P波水平偏离角度之间的三角函数曲线, 计算出拉萨台、 昆明台下方上地幔各向异性的偏振方向分别为66°和57°, 大致呈现北东东方向。 相似文献
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震源到接收台站之间的地层响应函数能够反映地下介质信息。对地震波传播过程中的卷积模型进行推导:记录信号是众多震源子波经过时移加权叠加的结果;通过反卷积方法可去除震源子波信息,提取震源到接收台站之间的地层响应函数;地层响应函数中第一个突跳值对应的时间即为P波走时。在河北赤城—张北地区进行人工震源实验,通过反卷积计算得到该地区地层响应函数剖面图,得出P波波速约6 km/s。利用人工震源系统还可以对地下介质波速变化进行长期动态监测,对地震预测具有一定意义。 相似文献
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成都台数字地震仪测定震级偏差分析与校正 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
讨论了成都台测定震级与中国地震台网中心(CSN)发布的MS震级的偏差,分析了仿真SK、仿真763与(CSN)震级的偏差程度,并给出了校正值。通过分析,得出了仿真763的面波震级MS7的偏差远远小于仿真SK的MS结论,因此,在速报中,应尽量使用MS7面波震级,有利于提高速报震级的准确性。 相似文献
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In this paper,the dispersion curves of the Rayleigh wave and Love wave were extracted from the seismic noise records of 25 broadband stations of the Fujian Seismic Network, and inverted for the lithosphere velocity structure. Furthermore,the velocity model was verified by the seismic explosion observations. Our results indicate that the resolution of the lithosphere velocity structure obtained by this method is good in the shallow part,but in the deep part,inversion accuracy for the wave velocity structure is low,which is caused mainly by the small inter-station distance chosen in the paper. Thus the wave dispersion curves have high accuracy in the short-period part,but the warp of the wave dispersion curve in long-period part is large. Considering the results from both the noise inversion and the traditional inversion,we finally present a new velocity model,and the theoretical travel time calculated with the new model matches the explosion travel time very well. 相似文献
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根据区域地震台网的地震观测资料，采用网格的方法划分等区域，将观测走时和理论走时对比，计算出适合本地区的区域走时表。 相似文献
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选取乌兰浩特地震台记录到的典型天然地震事件及爆破事件,根据断裂带分布及波形记录特征,分析地震及爆破事件的震相特征。结果表明,研究区域近震波形Pn、Pg、Sn、Sg震相及Sm面波较清晰,Pg、Sg波走时差一般不大于23 s,与中国地震台网中心发布的MS震级间的偏差一般小于0.6级;远震P、S、pP、sP震相可较清晰识别,Pm、L面波记录较明显,P、S波走时差一般不小于25 s,震级偏差一般小于0.4级,且通过震相特征及实地考察发现,爆破多为霍林郭勒区域爆破事件。 相似文献
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选取乌兰浩特地震台记录到的典型天然地震事件及爆破事件,根据断裂带分布及波形记录特征,分析地震及爆破事件的震相特征.结果表明,研究区域近震波形Pn、Pg、Sn、Sg震相及Sm面波较清晰,Pg、Sg波走时差一般不大于23 s,与中国地震台网中心发布的MS震级间的偏差一般小于0.6级;远震P、S、pP、sP震相可较清晰识别,Pm、L面波记录较明显,P、S波走时差一般不小于25 s,震级偏差一般小于0.4级,且通过震相特征及实地考察发现,爆破多为霍林郭勒区域爆破事件. 相似文献
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Analysis of time‐lapse travel‐time and amplitude changes to assess reservoir compartmentalization 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Fluid depletion within a compacting reservoir can lead to significant stress and strain changes and potentially severe geomechanical issues, both inside and outside the reservoir. We extend previous research of time‐lapse seismic interpretation by incorporating synthetic near‐offset and full‐offset common‐midpoint reflection data using anisotropic ray tracing to investigate uncertainties in time‐lapse seismic observations. The time‐lapse seismic simulations use dynamic elasticity models built from hydro‐geomechanical simulation output and a stress‐dependent rock physics model. The reservoir model is a conceptual two‐fault graben reservoir, where we allow the fault fluid‐flow transmissibility to vary from high to low to simulate non‐compartmentalized and compartmentalized reservoirs, respectively. The results indicate time‐lapse seismic amplitude changes and travel‐time shifts can be used to qualitatively identify reservoir compartmentalization. Due to the high repeatability and good quality of the time‐lapse synthetic dataset, the estimated travel‐time shifts and amplitude changes for near‐offset data match the true model subsurface changes with minimal errors. A 1D velocity–strain relation was used to estimate the vertical velocity change for the reservoir bottom interface by applying zero‐offset time shifts from both the near‐offset and full‐offset measurements. For near‐offset data, the estimated P‐wave velocity changes were within 10% of the true value. However, for full‐offset data, time‐lapse attributes are quantitatively reliable using standard time‐lapse seismic methods when an updated velocity model is used rather than the baseline model. 相似文献