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Matthew J. Severs James S. Beard John M. Hanchar Robert J. Bodnar 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(7):2123-1266
Partitioning behavior of Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb, Hf, and Pb between dacitic silicate melt and clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and plagioclase has been determined based on laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (LA-ICPMS) analysis of melt inclusions and the immediately adjacent host mineral. Samples from the 1988 eruption of White Island, New Zealand were selected because petrographic evidence suggests that all three mineral phases are in equilibrium with each other and with the melt inclusions. All three phenocryst types are found as mineral inclusions within each of the other phases, and mineral inclusions often coexist with melt inclusions in growth-zone assemblages. Compositions of melt inclusions do not vary between the different host minerals, suggesting that boundary layer processes did not affect compositions of melt inclusions and that post-trapping modifications have not occurred.Partition coefficients were calculated from the host and melt inclusion compositions and results were compared to published values. All trace elements examined in this study except Sr are incompatible in plagioclase, and all measured trace elements except for Mn are incompatible in orthopyroxene. In clinopyroxene, Sc, V, and Mn are compatible, and Y, Ti, HREE, and the MREE are only slightly incompatible. Most partition coefficients overlap the wide range of values reported in the literature, but the White Island data are consistently at the lower end of the range in published values. Results from the literature obtained using modern microanalytical techniques such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) or proton induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) also fall at the lower end of the published values, whereas partition coefficients determined from bulk analysis of glass and crystals separated from volcanic rocks typically extend to higher values. Rapid crystal growth-rates, crystal zonation, or the presence of accessory mineral inclusions in phenocrysts likely accounts for the wide range and generally higher partition coefficients obtained using bulk sampling techniques. The results for 3+ cations from this study are consistent with theoretical predictions based on a lattice strain model for site occupancy. The results also confirm that the melt inclusion-mineral (MIM) technique is a reliable method for determining partition coefficients, as long as the melt inclusions have not experienced post-entrapment reequilibration. 相似文献
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研究了贵阳市鱼简河水库坝址区岩体结构面的多重分形。在研究区分别运用不同剖面岩体结构面测量统计结果进行多重分形分析,首先,利用选定的A区进行结构面多重分形分析,依次选取不同的单元尺度值将该区域划分为正方形网格并测量出每个单元的信息量;取适当不同的实数值,计算分配系数;利用直线拟合方法算出幂指数;利用有关方程,求出多重分维值、奇异指数和分维谱函数。然后,运用同样方法对其它选定的区域进行多重分形,分别计算出多重分维值、奇异指数和分维谱函数并进行对比,得出A区岩体结构面的多重分维值、奇异指数和分维谱函数最大值和平均值均较大,表明A区岩体结构面较发育且复杂,亦说明A区岩体的工程性质较差,并根据多重分形结果列出了各岩体质量优劣的大致排列顺序。 相似文献
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本文简要地介绍了遥感图象的典型变换方法的数学原理,提出了建立典型变换矩阵的两种方法:(1)从野外地物反射波谱数据的典型分析求出;(2)直接从遥感数字图象的亮度值数据求出。文中还讨论了地面反射波谱的典型分析结果与多光谱遥感图象亮度值典型分析结果之间的关系,论述了将地面波谱典型分析结果用于数字遥感图象处理的可行性。简述了在101图象处理系统上实现典型变换的步骤。最后给出两个用于岩性识别的实例。 相似文献
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Evaluation and comparison of GIS based landslide susceptibility mapping procedures in Kulekhani watershed, Nepal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Prabin Kayastha Megh Raj Dhital Florimond De Smedt 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,81(2):219-231
The goal of this paper is to evaluate and compare the consistency of GIS-based heuristic and bivariate landslide susceptibility mapping techniques in the Himalayan region, taking the Kulekhani watershed of central Nepal as an example. For this purpose, a heuristic and two statistical bivariate landslide susceptibility mapping methods are applied, and three separate landslide susceptibility zonation maps are produced. The maps are compared using three approaches: landslide density analysis, success rate analysis, and agreed area analysis. A comparison of the values obtained from landslide density analysis and the curves of success rate analysis indicate that the two bivariate methods produce almost identical results, whereas the map produced with the heuristic method differs significantly from the others. On the other hand, the agreed area analysis highlights significant spatial differences in the maps obtained from the three methods. Although the three approaches evaluate the consistency of susceptibility maps, only the agreed area analysis is capable of spatially comparing them. Hence, this approach proves to be more suitable for spatially and quantitatively evaluating the consistency of various landslide susceptibility zonation maps. 相似文献
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在深圳湾西北部海域进行表层沉积物取样,通过粒度分析获取沉积物粒度参数。结果表明,该海域中北部沉积物以粉砂为主,分选较差;局部有较粗的砂、砾沉积物分布,分选性差。地质统计分析结果显示,粒度参数半方差—距离的相关性与沉积物粒度参数的空间分布有关,剔除空间“异常”值后,可在半方差图中获取粒度参数的变程值,并将其作为粒径趋势模型的特征距离。粒径趋势分析表明,海湾西部海域的沉积物向东北净输运,深圳河口海域的沉积物偏西向输运,从而在海湾北部近岸海域形成一个沉积物汇聚中心,这与水动力观测结果基本吻合。此外,210Pb测年结果也表明,这个沉积物汇聚中心的沉积速率也相应较高,显示出较强的淤积趋势。 相似文献
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Cadmium, gadolinium and samarium concentrations were determined in seven geochemical reference materials by isotope dilution thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. The results for all three elements in BCR-1 are in excellent agreement with the compiled values as well as the literature values dete-mined by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. The agreement with compiled values on the other material is generally good except for Cd where the values for BHVO-1, BIR-1, DNC-1 and W-2 need to be revised. 相似文献
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John-Paul Latham John Kemeny Norbert Maerz Michael Noy Jacques Schleifer Simon Tose 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2003,7(2):105-132
Four image analysis systems for measuring rock fragmentation: FragScan, PowerSieve®, Split and WipFrag, have been compared under conditions necessary to provide an objective though limited assessment of their capabilities. The analysis of results is based on a sample of ten photographs taken from a series of photographs of controlled artificial muckpiles. These were created from dumping a blended mixture of sieved samples of limestone aggregate, in order to create a range of near perfect Rosin-Rammler sieve size distributions. Results from the various systems are compared with sieved results using both histogram and cumulative forms, with and without fines corrections in the case of Split and Wipfrag. Statistical indicators are evaluated to examine the match between system prediction values and sieving values. Commentaries on the results by the inventors of each system have been incorporated. All four systems were found to perform both well in some cases and poorly in others. From a detailed examination of the results, some insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the various systems is presented. 相似文献
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基于KNN机器学习方法对青藏高原唐古拉地区表层土壤水热状况的模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用唐古拉站2004—2012年气象观测资料,基于KNN算法,结合机器学习思想,建立了一个气象回归模型,模拟了2005年唐古拉地区表层土壤水热变化趋势,结合实测数据,将模拟值与观测值进行对比,并对模型模拟效果进行了评估。结果表明：KNN模型能够较好地模拟活动层表层土壤水热状况,各层土壤温度的模拟值与观测值的相关系数均在0.99以上,均方根误差在1.25 ℃以内;不同深度土壤水分的模拟值与观测值的相关系数均在0.95以上,均方根误差在0.02 m3?m-3以内。总体上,KNN模型能够对青藏高原多年冻土区唐古拉地区表层土壤水热状况进行较为精确地模拟,该模型对于青藏高原其他地区的适用性有待进一步研究验证。 相似文献
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本文研究用概率能量方法评估灌注桩极限承载力的可行性,研究所用数据取自南京市区的２００根桩例的ＣＡＰＷＡＰ反分析与静载试验结果。根据能量守恒定律并结合动态桩－土相互作用模型,详细地推导了桩极限承载力计算公式。并对其中的模型参数,Ｊｓ,Ｊｔ,Ｑｓ,Ｑｔ作为随机变量处理,统计分析了它们的平均值,标准差以及概率分布函数。用蒙特卡洛法模拟确定了桩极限承载力的概率分布函数,并进一步提出了计算桩极限承载力超过某一设计值的概率公式。通过计算的桩极限承载力与静载结果的良好可比性,说明了此方法的台理性与准确性。 相似文献
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La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu content of fifteen silicate reference standards were determined using neutron activation analysis. For samples poor in rare-earth elements, radiochemical neutron activation analysis was applied. In most cases, the comparison of these results with those published is satisfactory. 相似文献
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应用储层饱和度仪（RST）在水平或大斜度的生产井中进行测量,可以取得连续的油、气、水持率测量值。笔者探讨了RST测井求持油率的方法,在RST双探测器测井模型分析的基础上确定井筒持油率。在反演过程中,采用了随机数分析方法获取仪器的灵敏度系数,获得的灵敏度系数较为精确。结合其他测井资料,将所求的系数用于反演模型求取井筒持油率的计算中,通过计算值和实测值的对比及其相关系数分析,证明了该方法的可行性。 相似文献
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遥感线性构造分形统计和蚀变信息提取在桂东地区金铅锌锡多金属成矿预测中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在桂东地区ETM+遥感影像742波段融合的基础上,进行了线性构造和环形构造解译,运用分形几何学的原理和方法对研究区的遥感线性构造进行定量分析,利用计盒维数法求得研究区的线性构造分维值,得出该区线性构造具有良好的统计自相似性和分形特征,利用Surfer软件求得线性构造分维等值线图,采用主成分分析和比值法组合提取遥感蚀变异... 相似文献
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宜宾市宋家地区土壤元素背景值研究及其意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
作者在表层土壤系统采样调查的基础上,计算出宋家地区土壤元素地球化学背景值,并通过与不同区域土壤元素地球化学背景值、基准值的对比研究,总结了该区土壤元素地球化学基本特征,为该区土壤资源、环境评价和农业经济发展规划提供了实用地球化学信息。 相似文献
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X射线粉晶衍射仪在大理岩鉴定与分类中的应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
大理岩主要有方解石大理岩、白云石大理岩和菱镁矿大理岩三种。以往大理岩是依据偏光显微镜下观察岩石结构构造及矿物成分进行分类定名,由于方解石、白云石、菱镁矿都属于三方晶系,具有闪突起、高级白干涉色、一轴晶负光性和菱形解理等相同晶体光学特征,偏光显微镜下区分十分困难。为了准确鉴定大理岩中碳酸盐矿物种类及其相对含量,本文利用岩石薄片偏光显微镜和X射线粉晶衍射技术对32件大理岩岩石样品进行分析测试。岩石薄片鉴定结果表明:大理岩造岩矿物主要有方解石、白云石、菱镁矿、石英、斜长石、白云母、黑云母、绿泥石、黏土和金属矿物。根据岩石结构构造及矿物组分特征,可把32件大理岩样品划分为方解石大理岩、长英质方解石大理岩、石英绿泥白云石大理岩、白云石大理岩、云英质白云石大理岩和菱镁矿大理岩等15个类型。X射线粉晶衍射分析表明:大理岩造岩矿物主要有方解石、白云石、菱镁矿、石英、斜长石、钾长石、云母、绿泥石、滑石和蒙脱石。综合分析认为:岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定技术很难区分方解石、白云石和菱镁矿等碳酸盐矿物,以及细小的石英、钾长石和斜长石、滑石和白云母等鳞片状硅酸盐矿物;X射线粉晶衍射分析技术不仅能准确检测出大理岩中方解石、白云石和菱镁矿等碳酸盐矿物种类及相对含量(方解石、白云石和菱镁矿的X射线衍射主峰有明显差异,d值分别为0.303 nm、0.288 nm和0.274 nm),而且能够有效鉴别岩石中粉砂级斜长石、钾长石与石英(三种矿物的X射线衍射主峰d值分别为0.319 nm、0.324 nm、0.334 nm);且能区分蒙脱石、绿泥石、云母和滑石等层状硅酸盐矿物(四种硅酸盐矿物的X射线衍射主峰d值分别为1.400 nm、0.705 nm、0.989 nm、0.938 nm)。综合岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定和X射线粉晶衍射分析结果,最终确定32件大理岩样品划分为22个岩石类型。研究认为:仅根据岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定或X射线粉晶衍射技术其中一种方法不能准确鉴定大理岩岩石,应将大理岩岩石野外观察、岩石薄片鉴定和X射线粉晶衍射技术结合起来,才能准确确定大理岩岩石类型。 相似文献
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影响砂土液化的因素有很多,建立多指标的液化预测模型非常有必要。目前所有的多指标砂土液化预测模型,均默认选取的判别因子之间相互独立,不存在相关性,可能导致各判别因子之间存在信息叠加而发生误判。以唐山地震砂土液化的25个案例为样本,选取8个影响因素作为砂土液化预测的初始判别指标,首先采用主成分分析（PCA）对各判别指标进行分析,对存在相关性比较高的指标进行了降维处理。基于降维后的4个主成分换算得到新的样本数据,以18个案例为学习样本,建立主成分分析与距离判别分析（DDA）相结合的砂土液化预测模型。利用建立的预测模型对18个案例进行回判,结果全部正确。对其他7个案例的液化情况进行了预测,并与规范法、Seed方法、BP法、DDA法的判别结果进行分析比较,结果表明基于主成分分析与距离判别方法的砂土液化判别模型预测准确率为100%。将模型应用于工程实例,判别结果也与实际情况一致,表明该模型具有良好的预测功能,可在实际工程中应用。 相似文献
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Amino acid enantiomeric (D/L) ratios in the mollusk Mercenaria are compared with recently published biostratigraphic and/or U-series solitary coral data from 22 Quaternary localities on the central and southern Atlantic Coastal Plain. In all cases, local relative aminostratigraphic sequences are consistent with relative ages inferred from U-series or biostratigraphic data, although occasionally more depositional events are recognized by aminostratigraphic than biostratigraphic methods. However, if the U-series data are used as age calibrations for the D/L values, latitudinal trends of “isochronous” D/L values are highly variable and conflict with trends expected from the present temperature gradient, which is smooth and nearly linear between 45° and 25° N. Age estimation can be performed independently of the U-series data using a kinetic model that relies on the assumption that Pleistocene temperature gradients have also been smooth functions of latitude, although significantly steeper than the present temperature gradient. Within the uncertainties of this assumption, kinetic model age estimates for localities in the coastal plain fall into the following groups: 70,000–130,000 yr, 200–250,000 yr, 300,000–400,000 yr, 500,000–600,000 yr, 700,000–800,000 yr, and > 1,000,000 yr. Major conflicts between these model age estimates are observed for localities near Charleston, South Carolina and in central Virginia. These conflicts could indicate that the basic temperature assumptions of aminostratigraphy are incorrect, and that apparent local aminostratigraphic sequences (clusters of different D/L values) could be due to factors other than age difference. Alternatively, some of the U-series dates may be only minimum ages for these localities. 相似文献
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The soil geochemical baseline is an important index in environmental assessment. Detailed baseline studies are necessary in large areas with complex geological settings, landforms and soil types. The Jianghan plain, a major industrial and agricultural region located in central China, has a soil geochemical baseline that has yet to be fully defined. The objective of this paper is to study the baseline of Cd, Pb and Zn in the topsoil of the Jianghan plain in a subarea using principal component regression (PCR). A total of 9030 samples were collected from the surface layer, and 2 soil profiles and 2 sedimentary columns were sampled near the Yangtze and Han rivers. Fifty-two elements and two parameters were analyzed. Data processing and the creation of spatial distribution maps of the elements were performed using MapGIS, R and SPSS software. The results show that the distributions of Cd, Pb and Zn are mainly controlled by parent material, drainage system and soil type. The study area is divided into 3 subareas, with factors reflecting the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil using factor analysis (FA). The geochemical baseline model is established in every subarea to predict the Cd, Pb and Zn values using principal component regression analysis (PCR); the exceptional values (as a result of anthropogenic input or mineralization) are distinguished by residuals (γ); and the natural background values and anthropogenic contributions are clearly distinguished. Therefore, the PCR method in these subareas is objective and reasonable, and the conclusion provides effective evidence of exceptional high values for further environmental assessment. 相似文献