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1.
航空电磁系统校准是开展实际测量工作的基础,校准情况直接影响数据处理和解释.传统校准方法通常假设在自由空间中进行,忽略导电大地耦合影响.然而,实际工作中很难找到绝对高阻的校准场地,导电大地对系统校准和观测数据的影响无法忽视.本文以频率域航空电磁系统为例,对导电大地上航电系统校准技术和校准误差改正方法进行研究.我们首先推导了层状导电大地上水平共面和直立共轴线圈系统的校准公式,结果表明导电大地对航电系统校准尤其是水平共面装置的高频信号影响很大.针对校准过程中大地电导率已知的情况,本文采用非线性方程求解技术一次性确定校准线圈位置和Q值;在没有任何辅助信息情况下,也可直接利用实测数据计算校正因子进行迭代求解.测试结果表明该方法快速、准确、有效.考虑到系统相位和增益调整直接影响观测数据,本文提出了航空电磁数据校准误差的改正算法.实测数据误差改正结果表明,导电大地对高频信号影响严重,校准误差改正后的航空电磁数据与实际地质资料更好吻合. 相似文献
2.
为更好地处理与解释复杂海底地形条件下测得的海洋可控源电磁数据,本文提出了一种基于非结构网格剖分的频率域海洋可控源电磁数据三维正则化反演方法.该方法首先对海洋地电模型以非结构四面体单元进行离散,然后基于矢量有限元方法获得海洋可控源电磁响应和灵敏度信息,最后采用共轭梯度法求解高斯-牛顿反演方程计算模型修正量.为提高反演的稳定性,通过在反演过程中采用对数转换方法实现反演模型参数的上下限约束.本文分别测试了单测线水平海底地形反演算例和面积性测量的起伏海底地形反演算例.反演结果表明,本文提出的频率域海洋可控源电磁三维反演能够准确地恢复高阻储油层的位置和电阻率信息,且计算效率较高,可用于实测海洋电磁资料的处理与解释. 相似文献
3.
Haowen Wang Zhihong Fu Yao Wang Heng-Ming Tai Wenli Chen 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(6):1595-1610
This paper proposes a time-domain fitting method for on-site calibration of the air-coil sensor. The air-coil sensor has been widely used in transient electromagnetic exploration. Due to limited bandwidth of the coil, the output signal is distorted, causing a phenomenon known as the transition process. To accurately measure the magnetic field from the output signals, the relationship between the coil induced electromotive force and the output voltage must be confirmed by on-site calibration, which requires high calibration accuracy and demands simple operation, portable equipment, and adaptability to the environment. Conventional frequency response methods, however, requires a uniform magnetic field with various frequencies to obtain the frequency response curve of the air-coil sensor. The time to acquire the signal correlates with the number of test frequencies, and the equipment used to generate a uniform magnetic field must be tailored to the shape of the air-coil sensor under test. This paper constructs a relationship between the calibration file and the zero-input response of the air-coil sensor and designs an optimization algorithm to suppress the soil eddy current effect. This on-site calibration method lifts the dependence on the uniform calibration field and reduces significantly the time required for calibration. The calibration source can be generated by cutting off the voltage source in parallel to the calibration coil, which greatly reduces the cost of the signal generator and provides a better solution for realizing the embedded self-test devices. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively improves the calculation accuracy of the apparent resistivity. 相似文献
4.
The induced polarization (IP) in rocks and minerals is of significance to the marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) field. We propose an adaptive finite-element algorithm for the 2.5D frequency-domain forward modeling of marine CSEM that considers the induced polarization. The geoelectrical model is discretized using an unstructured triangular elemental grid that accommodates the complex topography and geoelectrical structures. We use the Cole–Cole model to describe the IP and develop a complex resistivity forward modeling algorithm. We compare the simulation results with published 1D model results and subsequently calculate the electromagnetic field for variable azimuth sources, IP parameters, and topography. Finally, we analyze the IP effect on the marine CSEM field and show that IP of oil reservoirs and topography affects the marine CSEM electromagnetic field. 相似文献
5.
高精度、快速有效的正演模拟算法是三维电磁正反演的前提.为了提高海洋电磁三维数值模拟的精度和效率,本文提出利用基于Gauss-Lobatto-Chebyshev（GLC）基函数的谱元法进行海洋可控源三维电磁正演模拟.谱元法结合有限元法和谱方法的优点.我们通过应用伽辽金加权残差法离散二次电场矢量亥姆赫兹方程,在单元内选择混合阶GLC多项式的张量积作为高阶矢量插值基函数,在求解大型稀疏线性方程组时利用直接求解器进行快速求解,从而实现了三维海洋可控源电磁快速高精度正演模拟.一维和三维模型正演结果验证了本文算法的有效性和准确性.典型模型的数值结果表明谱元法是一种有效的三维海洋可控源电磁正演数值方法,能在稀疏网格剖分情况下获得精确的海洋电磁正演模拟响应. 相似文献
6.
针对矿井瞬变电磁法中探测空间的有限性及探测目标分布的全空间性,研制一种适合该方法的感应式空芯线圈传感器.根据矿井瞬变电磁探测需要,确定了感应式空芯线圈传感器的基本技术指标.通过对空芯线圈的物理结构和前置放大电路的等效噪声电路进行分析,获取了引入噪声的主要来源.构建感应式空芯线圈传感器的等效模型,实现传感器的幅频特性及低噪声的分析,给出影响传感器噪声水平的各噪声源随频率变化的规律,设计矿井瞬变电磁中降低传感器噪声的方法,采用该优化方法,传感器的总噪声在谐振频率处信噪比提高了15.6dB.测试结果表明:感应式空芯线圈传感器噪声性能和输出特性优于加拿大Geonics公司的3D-1HF-coil传感器,满足矿井瞬变电磁探测需要. 相似文献
7.
A novel fixed-source electromagnetic system has been developed. The transmitter is a large rectangular loop or grounded dipole. The transmitted waveform consists of up to five superimposed pure sinusoids at well-separated frequencies. The receiver measures the amplitude and phase at two frequencies from a single receiver coil. The amplitude ratio is routinely calculated. Field trials with both surface and downhole configurations show that the method has advantages over the more traditional frequency-domain Turam type and downhole electromagnetic (DHEM) systems. Among such advantages are the use of a single receiver coil and the removal of noise due to free-space variations in transmitter-receiver geometry. The latter is important for DHEM surveys. In terms of field procedures and quantities measured, the system is similar to time-domain methods. 相似文献
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9.
Responses of a multifrequency, multicoil airborne electromagnetic (AEM) system were modelled numerically for 3D electrical conductors embedded in a resistive bedrock and overlain by an overburden of low to moderate conductivity. The results cover a horizontal coplanar coil configuration and two frequencies, 7837 Hz and 51 250 Hz. The models studied are single or multiple, poor conductors (conductance lower than 0.1 S) embedded in a host rock of high but finite resistivity (5000 Ωm) and overlain by a layer of overburden with finite thickness and low to moderate conductivity (conductance up to 2 S). On the basis of the modelling results, limits of detectability for poor conductors have been studied for the various model structures. The results indicate that the anomaly from a steeply dipping, plate-like conductor will decrease significantly when the conductor is embedded in a weakly conductive host rock and is overlain by a conductive overburden. However, an anomaly is obtained, and its magnitude can even increase with increasing overburden conductivity or frequency. The plate anomaly remains practically constant when only the overburden thickness is varied. Changes in overburden conductivity will cause the plate-anomaly values to change markedly. If the plate conductance is less than that of the overburden, a local anomaly opposite in sign to the normal type of anomaly will be recorded. Another major consequence is that conductors interpreted with free-space models will be heavily overestimated in depth or underestimated in conductance, if in reality induction and current channelling in the host rock and overburden make even a slight contribution to the anomalous EM field. The lateral resolution for the horizontal coplanar coil system was found to be about 1.7 times the sensor altitude. Similarly, the lateral extension of a horizontal conductive ribbon, required to reach the semi-infinite (half-space) behaviour, is more than three times the sensor altitude. Finally, screening of a steeply dipping plate, caused by a small, conductive horizontal ribbon, is much more severe than screening of the same plate by an extensive horizontal layer. 相似文献
10.
与可控源音频大地电磁（CSAMT）相比,广域电磁法通过采用全区视电阻率定义,突破了卡尼亚视电阻率所需的远区条件限制,极大拓展了可控源电磁观测区域和探测深度.考虑到电偶源激发场的三维特征以及地下复杂三维结构,为提高广域电磁数据解释精度,本文实现了基于二次耦合势的广域电磁法三维正演计算.该算法利用Helmholtz定理将麦克斯韦方程转化为库伦规范下的磁矢势和电标势耦合方程,有效改善了离散所得大型线性方程组的谱性质,并通过强加散度条件来消除电场伪解的影响.此外,采用散射场方法,其中一次场使用准解析法求解,二次场使用有限体积法求解,克服了局部激发场源奇异性问题.通过与一维层状模型下电偶源产生的电磁场准解析解对比,验证了本文算法的正确性.在此基础上,利用本文的正演算法对比分析了广域电磁法与CSAMT对典型三维目标体的探测能力,结果表明在相同的观测条件下,广域电磁法能够更准确地反映地下目标体信息,拥有更优的分辨能力. 相似文献
11.
An improved interpolation scheme is presented for 2.5-dimensional marine controlled-source electromagnetic forward modelling. For the marine controlled-source electromagnetic method, due to the resistivity contrast between the seawater and seafloor sedimentary layers, it is difficult to compute the electromagnetic fields accurately at receivers, which are usually located at the seafloor. In this study, the 2.5-dimensional controlled-source electromagnetic responses are simulated by the staggered finite-difference method. The secondary-field approach is used to avoid the source singularities, and the one-dimensional layered background model is used for calculating the primary fields excited by the source quasi-analytically. The interpolation of electromagnetic fields at the cell nodes for the whole computational domain to the receiver locations is discussed in detail. Numerical tests indicate that the improved interpolation developed is more accurate for simulating the electromagnetic responses at receivers located at the seafloor, compared with the linear or rigorous interpolation. 相似文献
12.
坑（井）-地多参数电磁接收系统在地面、坑道、井中三维空间观测天然场源及人工源电磁信号,观测装置接近或穿过矿体,借助动源、大功率发射可获得更加明显的异常值,旨在加大探测深度的基础上提高深部分辨率,同时获取电阻率、极化率、复阻抗等参数.为坑（井）-地电磁成像方法现场数据采集提供硬件设备支持,针对坑道、井中电磁观测的特殊需求,开发了由不极化电极、非接触电极、小型感应式线圈、微型三分量音频磁传感器、地面-坑道电磁接收机、井中电磁接收机等组成的坑（井）-地多参数电磁接收系统,解决了传统不极化电极坑道硬岩表面接地困难和传统感应式磁传感器难以适应坑道狭窄空间的问题;通过多层次的室内、弱干扰条件下野外测试验证了接收系统的各项技术指标,接收机通道全频段噪声水平接近10 nV/rt（Hz）,微型三分量音频磁传感器体积压缩至32 cm×32 cm×32 cm;强干扰条件下的矿山试验验证了接收系统的可靠性、适用性及先进性. 相似文献
13.
采用地面异常线圈对直升机时域航空电磁探测系统进行标定时,发射-接收线圈姿态的变化将导致实测数据产生误差,影响标定的精度.本文基于时间域航空电磁系统,计算了发射-接收线圈姿态任意变化时异常线圈的电磁响应,提出了主成分分析-径向基神经网络(PCA-RBF)的拟合算法,采用主成分分析法提取飞行几何参数的贡献率,利用径向基神经网络法对电磁响应进行了测线剖面的批量数据拟合,并对理论仿真和河南桐柏直升机飞行试验数据进行拟合分析,单一异常体理论数据的绝对误差平均值小于20nV·m-2,双异常体理论数据绝对误差平均值为160nV·m-2.野外实测数据在异常线圈中心位置的拟合相对误差小于1%,整条剖面测线的拟合相对误差小于±6%,平均值为2.5%.结果表明PCA-RBF拟合算法能够较好地实现航空电磁系统飞行参数的拟合,为航空电磁系统海量实测数据的快速处理提供了新方法. 相似文献
14.
Images from satellite platforms are a valid aid in order to obtain distributed information about hydrological surface states and parameters needed in calibration and validation of the water balance and flood forecasting. Remotely sensed data are easily available on large areas and with a frequency compatible with land cover changes. In this paper, remotely sensed images from different types of sensor have been utilized as a support to the calibration of the distributed hydrological model MOBIDIC, currently used in the experimental system of flood forecasting of the Arno River Basin Authority. Six radar images from ERS‐2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors (three for summer 2002 and three for spring–summer 2003) have been utilized and a relationship between soil saturation indexes and backscatter coefficient from SAR images has been investigated. Analysis has been performed only on pixels with meagre or no vegetation cover, in order to legitimize the assumption that water content of the soil is the main variable that influences the backscatter coefficient. Such pixels have been obtained by considering vegetation indexes (NDVI) and land cover maps produced by optical sensors (Landsat‐ETM). In order to calibrate the soil moisture model based on information provided by SAR images, an optimization algorithm has been utilized to minimize the regression error between saturation indexes from model and SAR data and error between measured and modelled discharge flows. Utilizing this procedure, model parameters that rule soil moisture fluxes have been calibrated, obtaining not only a good match with remotely sensed data, but also an enhancement of model performance in flow prediction with respect to a previous calibration with river discharge data only. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Vertical–vertical controlled-source electromagnetic is an alternative to other techniques for providing three-dimensional resistivity images of the subsurface. It utilizes a large and powerful vertical dipole transmitter and arrays of E-field receivers with vertical and horizontal dipole sensors. The necessary instrumentation and acquisition procedures which differ strongly from other controlled-source electromagnetic methods are described in the paper. 相似文献
16.
本文实现了2.5维电导率正交各向异性海洋可控源电磁等参有限元数值模拟.利用傅里叶变换导出了电导率正交各向异性2.5维海洋可控源电磁法波数域电磁场耦合方程,采用伽里金加权余量法推导了相应的有限元方程;采用任意四边形单元对研究区域进行剖分,在单元中进行双二次插值,将有限元方程化为线性代数方程组;最后,求解线性方程组并进行反傅里叶变换获得空间域电磁场值.这个方法可以模拟海底起伏地形条件下地下任意形状电导率正交各向异性的复杂模型.与一维模型的数值模拟结果对比表明,电磁场数值解与解析解吻合.二维模型的计算结果与二维自适应非结构有限元模拟结果也吻合.水平海底二维地电模型考察了不同各向异性系数对海洋可控源电磁响应的影响特征.海底起伏地形地电模型的数值结果表明,电导率各向异性对海洋可控源电磁响应影响明显,有可能淹没海底地形和高阻油气藏引起的异常. 相似文献
17.
Airborne EM footprints 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
David Beamish 《Geophysical Prospecting》2003,51(1):49-60
As frequency-domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) studies move towards more detailed assessments of the near-surface, the behaviour of system footprints, and hence the spatial averages involved in the measurement, becomes important. Published estimates suffer from two main limitations: first, they are based on perfectly conducting, thin sheet models and, secondly, they are system specific. The present study is a revision of footprint estimates based on (i) a finitely conducting half-space and (ii) an at-surface scale estimate that uses the spatial equivalent of the conventional electromagnetic skin depth. In order to remove the system dependence, a transmitter footprint is defined in terms of electromagnetic skin distance. Only the limiting cases of vertical and horizontal magnetic dipole sources then require analysis. Electromagnetic skin distances, two for each of the coil orientations, are defined. The revised definition makes it possible to investigate the footprint behaviour of both towed-bird and fixed-wing AEM systems over an altitude range from 20 to 100 m. The footprint/altitude ratio has a primary dependence on altitude and a secondary dependence on both resistivity and frequency. The analysis covers a frequency range from 1 to 100 kHz and results are presented for two specific resistivity values that represent conductive (10 Ωm) and resistive (1000 Ωm) environments. The revised footprint parameters display a quasi-linear behaviour with altitude, particularly for mid-range frequencies. This behaviour enables the coefficients of linear, least-squares relationships to be obtained, thus assisting with the prediction of footprint estimates for survey planning and interpretation. A comparison of the new estimates with published values suggests that existing footprint values for a vertical magnetic dipole should be revised downward. 相似文献
18.
为了测试我国自主设计与研发的海洋可控源电磁仪器性能及其在水合物探测中的适用性,本文从海洋可控源电磁法基本原理出发,首先根据试验海域水合物地质特征,建立简化地电模型开展理论研究,确定海洋可控源电磁试验的技术方案;利用研发的海洋可控源电磁仪器,在南海天然气水合物远景区开展探测试验,首次获得了我国深水海域的海洋可控源电磁数据.通过对采集数据进行处理与反演,获得了试验剖面的海底电性结构模型,揭示了4号测点下方存在一个50m厚的高阻层,其电阻率为25Ωm、顶部埋深为181m,为该区天然气水合物调查提供了有价值的电性参考资料.研究结果表明,自主研发的海洋可控源电磁仪器性能达到了预期的设计指标,这标志着我国海洋可控源电磁探测技术向实用化进程迈出了重要一步. 相似文献
19.
为了研究探测3D导电岩脉状目标体的可控源音频电磁法（CSAMT）的最佳观测装置,我们用压缩积分方程法数值模拟了赋存于导电薄层下的3D导电岩脉的电磁场响应.计算结果表明,最有效的源的位置是把发射源沿岩脉的走向放置.相对于其他几种装置,这种观测装置得到的异常场与主场的比值最大.利用这种最佳的观测装置,通过将异常场Eya 和 Hxa与噪音作对比,研究了当岩脉的埋深和高度发生变化时岩脉的可探测性问题.当岩脉的顶部埋深增加时,导电岩脉的可探测性降低.岩脉高度的变化对异常场幅值的影响要小于岩脉顶部埋深所产生的影响.所以通常情况下,即便应用了最有效的CSAMT装置,也很难探测到岩脉的高度,应用钻孔中的探测可能会解决这个问题. 相似文献
20.
传统瞬变电磁法（TEM）认为临界阻尼匹配时传感器响应快、无振荡,为最佳匹配方式.本文通过建立基于标定环的TEM系统标定模型,理论证明当略欠阻尼匹配时传感器响应最快、时域畸变最小,为最佳匹配方式.本文采用基于实测数据的背景场剔除方法将一次场和大地响应剔除,通过对不同阻尼状态下标定环早期响应畸变的定量评价,实验证明传感器在略欠阻尼匹配状态下二次场响应畸变最小.本文理论和标定实验均证明,在纯二次场观测方式下,采用略欠阻尼匹配方式能够显著降低早期响应畸变、提高系统浅层探测能力,是浅层探测时传感器最佳匹配方式. 相似文献